Brachystegia eurycoma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Brachystegia
Species:
B. eurycoma
Binomial name
Brachystegia eurycoma

Brachystegia eurycoma, a plant in the family Fabaceae, is a sizable species of tree found in southern Nigeria and western Cameroon. It has a spreading, flattened crown.

Description

A fairly large tree, B. eurycoma reaches a height of about 35 m (115 ft) and a diameter of 2.5 m (8 ft). The trunk is irregular, with small buttresses. The outer bark is rough, brownish-grey, and peels away in large flakes. The inner bark is red and fibrous, darkening on exposure to the air and exuding a yellowish or reddish gum. The crown is broad and flattened, the branches are spreading and irregular and the twigs are downy when young. The leaves are pinnate with a short petiole swollen at its base and four to six pairs of oblong-elliptical leaflets, the basal ones being the smallest and the terminal ones the largest. The inflorescence is a terminal panicle, the individual flowers having short stalks and being surrounded by dense brown hairs; the flowers are petal-less and have a boss of ten long stamens and a long coiled pistil. The fruits are flattened pods and the glossy brown seeds are disc-shaped and about 2 cm (0.8 in) in diameter; when ripe, the pods burst explosively and throw out the seeds.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Brachystegia eurycoma is endemic to southern Nigeria and western Cameroon, and possibly to Gabon. It is a fairly common tree in riverine forests. It is found in miombo woodland at altitudes of up to about 1,150 m (3,800 ft).[2]

Human uses

Timber from this tree is used locally but is not exported; the heartwood is hard and difficult to work, and the wood is liable to split unless dried with care. The seeds are ground into a flour which can be used as a thickening agent, and the active ingredient, a polysaccharide, has been investigated as a wound-healing agent when mixed with snail mucin.[3] The gum is used in a similar way to gutta-percha. Extracts from the wood have some anti-fungal and anti-termite properties.[2]

References

  1. ↑ "Brachystegia eurycoma Harms". Global Plants. JSTOR. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 Lemmens, R.H.M.J.; Louppe, D.; Oteng-Amoako, A.A. Timbers 2. PROTA. pp. 146–147. ISBN 978-92-9081-495-5.
  3. ↑ Williams, Peter A.; Phillips, Glyn O. (2014). Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 17: The Changing Face of Food Manufacture: The Role of Hydrocolloids. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-84973-883-5.
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