Participants at meeting in Budapest, December 1, 2001

The Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) is a public statement of principles relating to open access to the research literature,[1] which was released to the public on February 14, 2002.[2] It arose from a conference convened in Budapest by the Open Society Institute on December 1–2, 2001 to promote open access which at that time was also known as Free Online Scholarship.[3][4] This small gathering of individuals has been recognised as one of the major defining events of the open access movement.[5][6] As of 2021, the text of the initiative had been translated to 13 languages.[7]

On the 10th anniversary of the initiative in 2012, the original initiative was reaffirmed and supplemented with a set of recommendations for achieving open access in the next 10 years.[8][9]

Content

The opening sentence of the BOAI encapsulated the purpose and potential of an open access movement:[2]

An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good. The old tradition is the willingness of scientists and scholars to publish the fruits of their research in scholarly journals without payment, for the sake of inquiry and knowledge. The new technology is the internet. The public good they make possible is the world-wide electronic distribution of the peer-reviewed journal literature and completely free and unrestricted access to it by all scientists, scholars, teachers, students, and other curious minds.

— Budapest Open Access Initiative

Definition

The document contains one of the first and most widely used definitions of open access,[10][11][12] which was subsequently reaffirmed,[13] 10 years after it was first published:[8]

By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.

Strategy and funding

In 2001, the BOAI recommended two complementary strategies in order to achieve open access to scientific literature. First, scholars should follow the practice of self-archiving which is when authors deposit a copy of their own text to open archives on the internet.[2] Preferably these archives should conform to the standards of the Open Archives Initiative and make it easy for users to find the texts.[2] Second, scholars should launch new online open access journals and help other periodicals to adapt the principles of open access.[2]

10th anniversary update

A logo celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Budapest Open Access Initiative in 2012, featuring the Széchenyi Chain Bridge in Budapest.

In 2012 on the 10th anniversary of the original initiative, a new statement was released which reaffirmed the BOAI's definition of open access, its goals, strategies and commitment to make progress. It also contained "the new goal that within the next ten years, OA will become the default method for distributing new peer-reviewed research in every field and country", policy recommendations for universities, research funding agencies, recommendations on choosing the optimal licence (CC-BY), designing open access repository infrastructure, and advocacy for achieving open access.[14][8]

Impact

Along with the 2003 Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities and 2003 Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing, the Budapest initiative defined open access to research, lay out strategies for achieving this, and began the "open access movement" or "social movement" phase of open access advocacy.[15] [16]

The initiative was sponsored with a US$3 million grant from the Open Society Institute.[17]

Signatories

The 16 original signatories of the Budapest Open Access Initiative included prominent early advocates for open access:[18]


In February 2002, the signatories released BOAI in a version that could be signed by the public. As of February 2016, over 5,900 individuals and 800 organizations had signed it.[18] By 2023, this was over 6800 individuals and 1600 organizations.[18]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Budapest Open Access Initiative, FAQ". Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Read the Budapest Open Access Initiative". www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org. Archived from the original on 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2021-06-08.
  3. ↑ Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China ... 8 September 2006. doi:10.17226/11710. ISBN 9780309180399. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  4. ↑ Melissa Hagemann (13 February 2012). "Ten Years On, Researchers Embrace Open Access". opensocietyfoundations.org. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  5. ↑ "Definition of Budapest compliant open access". Open Access Working Group. 2012-02-19. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  6. ↑ Bailey, Jr., Charles W. (March 2017). "An Introduction to Open Access" (PDF). Informatics Studies. 4 (1): 43–52 – via e-LIS.
  7. ↑ "Budapest Open Access Initiative Translations". www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org. Retrieved 2021-06-08.
  8. 1 2 3 "Ten years on from the Budapest Open Access Initiative". www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  9. ↑ "BOAI". Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  10. ↑ "Open Access: Background and definitions". Swiss National Science Foundation. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  11. ↑ Roman, Gregg; Fox, George E.; Bronicki, Jacqueline; Thompson, Santi (2016-03-03). "Report on Open Access Publishing for the Research and Scholarship Committee of the Faculty Senate with Recommendations". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ↑ Malenfant, Kara (2022-02-14). "Budapest Open Access Initiative 20th Anniversary". ACRL Insider. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  13. ↑ "Ten years on from the Budapest Open Access Initiative: setting the default to open". September 11, 2012. Archived from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
  14. ↑ Rossini, Carolina (2012-09-21). "Budapest Open Access Initiative Launches New Recommendations for the Next 10 Years of Open Access". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  15. ↑ Cardoso, Gustavo; Caraça, João; Espanha, Rita; Mendonça, Sandro (2010-05-21), Dutton, William H.; Jeffreys, Paul W. (eds.), "The Politics of Open Access", World Wide Research, The MIT Press, pp. 317–321, doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262014397.003.0053, ISBN 978-0-262-27208-7, retrieved 2023-10-29
  16. ↑ Muellerleile, Chris (2017-04-28), Tyfield, David; Lave, Rebecca; Randalls, Samuel; Thorpe, Charles (eds.), "Open Access Panacea", The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Science (1 ed.), Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, pp. 132–143, doi:10.4324/9781315685397-12, ISBN 978-1-315-68539-7, retrieved 2023-10-29{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  17. ↑ Noble, Ivan (14 February 2002). "Boost for research paper access". BBC News. London: BBC. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  18. 1 2 3 "Budapest Open Access Initiative - Budapest Open Access Initiative". Retrieved 11 February 2015.
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