Buhid
(Mangyan Baybayin, Surat Mangyan)
ᝊᝓᝑᝒ
Script type
Time period
c. 1300–present
Directionleft-to-right Edit this on Wikidata
LanguagesBuhid, Tagalog[1]
Related scripts
Parent systems
Sister systems
In the Philippines:

Hanunó'o (Mangyan Baybayin, Surat Mangyan)
Kulitan (Kapampangan Baybayin, Surat Kapampangan)
Baybayin (Tagalog Baybayin, Sulat Tagalog)
Tagbanwa script
Ibalnan script


In Indonesian Archipelago:
Balinese
Batak
Javanese
Lontara
Sundanese
Rencong
Rejang
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Buhd (372), ​Buhid
Unicode
Unicode alias
Buhid
U+1740–U+175F
[a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon.

Surat Buhid is an abugida used to write the Buhid language. As a Brahmic script indigenous to the Philippines, it closely related to Baybayin and Hanunó'o. It is still used today by the Mangyans, found mainly on island of Mindoro, to write their language, Buhid, together with the Filipino latin script.

There are efforts to reinvigorate the use of Surat Buhid.[2] Buhid script use varies across Northern (Bansud area) and Southern Buhid (Bongabong) communities.[3]

Structure

The Buhid script has 18 independent characters; 15 are consonants and 3 vowels. As an abugida, there are additional diacritic vowels. Consonants have an inherent /a/ vowel. The other two vowels are indicated by a diacritic above (for /i/) or below (for /u/) the consonant. Depending on the consonant, ligatures are formed, changing the shape of the consonant-vowel combination.[4] Vowels at the beginning of syllables are represented by their own, independent characters. Syllables ending in a consonant are written without the final consonant.[5]

Letters

The letter order of Buhid, recorded in Unicode, is based on phonetic principles that consider both the manner and place of articulation of the consonants and vowels they represent.

Vowels

Buhid Vowels
Initial Dependent
transcriptionaiuiu
letter ᝀ ᝁ ᝂ ᝒ ᝓ

Consonants

Buhid Syllables[4]
transcriptionkgngtdnpbmyrlwsh
consonant + a ᝃ ᝄ ᝅ ᝆ ᝇ ᝈ ᝉ ᝊ ᝋ ᝌ ᝍ ᝎ ᝏ ᝐ ᝑ
consonant + i ᝃᝒ ᝄᝒ ᝅᝒ ᝆᝒ ᝇᝒ ᝈᝒ ᝉᝒ ᝊᝒ ᝋᝒ ᝌᝒ ᝍᝒ ᝎᝒ ᝏᝒ ᝐᝒ ᝑᝒ
consonant + u ᝃᝓ ᝄᝓ ᝅᝓ ᝆᝓ ᝇᝓ ᝈᝓ ᝉᝓ ᝊᝓ ᝋᝓ ᝌᝓ ᝍᝓ ᝎᝓ ᝏᝓ ᝐᝓ ᝑᝓ

Note: With the proper rendering support, the Buhid syllable ki above (ᝃᝒ) should resemble a plus sign (+).

Buhid writing makes use of single (᜵) and double (᜶) punctuation marks.[4]

Unicode

Buhid script was added to the Unicode Standard in March, 2002 with the release of version 3.2.

The Unicode block for Buhid is U+1740–U+175F:

Buhid[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+174x ᝀ ᝁ ᝂ ᝃ ᝄ ᝅ ᝆ ᝇ ᝈ ᝉ ᝊ ᝋ ᝌ ᝍ ᝎ ᝏ
U+175x ᝐ ᝑ ᝒ ᝓ
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Buhid language and alphabet".
  2. ↑ Catapang, Emerenciana (2014). "Reviving the Hanunoo and Buhid Mangyan syllabic scripts of the Philippines" (PDF). Proceedings of the International Workshop on Endangered Scripts of Island Southeast Asia.
  3. ↑ "Buhid". Mangyan Heritage Center. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01.
  4. 1 2 3 "Chapter 17: Indonesia and Oceania" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. March 2020.
  5. ↑ Everson, Michael (1998-11-23). "N1933 Revised proposal for encoding the Philippine scripts in the UCS" (PDF).
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