CHAI disease is a rare genetic disorder of the immune system that illustrates the role of CTLA-4 in cell signaling. CHAI stands for “Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to CTLA4 haplo-insufficiency.”[1][2] The disease is characterized by variable combination of enteropathy, hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent respiratory infections, granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease, lymphocytic infiltration of non-lymphoid organs (intestine, lung, brain, bone marrow, kidney), autoimmune thrombocytopenia or neutropenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and lymphadenopathy.[1][3] It is closely linked to LATIAE disease.[1] Investigators in the laboratory of Dr. Michael Lenardo, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health first described this condition in 2018.[1][4]
References
- 1 2 3 4 Lo, Bernice; Fritz, Jill M.; Su, Helen C.; Uzel, Gulbu; Jordan, Michael B.; Lenardo, Michael J. (2016-08-25). "CHAI and LATAIE: new genetic diseases of CTLA-4 checkpoint insufficiency". Blood. 128 (8): 1037–1042. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-04-712612. ISSN 0006-4971. PMC 5000841. PMID 27418640.
- ↑ "Orphanet: Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to CTLA4 haploinsuffiency". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2021-03-01.
- ↑ Lo, Bernice; Abdel-Motal, Ussama M (2017-12-01). "Lessons from CTLA-4 deficiency and checkpoint inhibition". Current Opinion in Immunology. Autoimmunity. 49: 14–19. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2017.07.014. ISSN 0952-7915. PMID 28806575.
- ↑ Kuehn, Hye Sun; Ouyang, Weiming; Lo, Bernice; Deenick, Elissa K.; Niemela, Julie E.; Avery, Danielle T.; Schickel, Jean-Nicolas; Tran, Dat Q.; Stoddard, Jennifer; Zhang, Yu; Frucht, David M. (2014-09-26). "Immune dysregulation in human subjects with heterozygous germline mutations in CTLA4". Science. 345 (6204): 1623–1627. Bibcode:2014Sci...345.1623K. doi:10.1126/science.1255904. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 4371526. PMID 25213377.
External links