The term caixa 2 (Brazilian Portuguese: caixa dois  [ˈka(j).ʃɐ ˈdojs]) or saco azul [1] are terms used in Brazil, and Portugal respectively, to refer to a type of slush fund involving unrecorded funds not reported to the appropriate supervisory tax organisms.[2][3] Among the caixa dois crimes, money laundering[2][4] and organized crime[2] are within the scope of the Supreme Federal Court. Caixa dois is used by some companies[2] that fail to issue required invoices or issue them with a lower value than the transaction that actually occurred, reducing their tax liability. By declaring a reduced value of the invoices to the tax authority, less tax is paid to the treasury. The amount held back and not paid, is "cashbox two", the portion "forgotten" by the financial accounting department of the enterprise.

In the context of corrupt transactions, such as those made by governments or large corporations, a caixa dois may have particular connotations of illegality, illegitimacy, or secrecy regarding the use of this money and the means by which the funds were acquired.[5] Funds are usually set up to discreetly pay influential people in exchange for preferential treatment, advancing information (eg, to acquire non-public information on financial transactions), or some other service.[5][6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Rocha, Maria Regina (24 January 2003). "Saco azul (I)" [Blue bag]. Ciberdúvidas da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese). Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 4 da Escóssia, Fernanda (2017-04-14). "Os crimes associados ao caixa 2 e por que quem paga a conta é você" [Crimes associated with caixa 2 and why you pay the bill] (in Portuguese). BBC Brasil. Archived from the original on 2017-04-23. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  3. ↑ Pacievitch, Thais (2019-04-02). "Caixa 2" [Cashbox 2]. InfoEscola (in Portuguese). Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  4. ↑ Procuradoria da República no Ceará. "Crimes contra o sistema financeiro" [Crimes against the financial system]. Ministerio Publico Federal (in Portuguese). Procuradoria da República no Estado do Ceará. Archived from the original on 2018-10-19. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  5. 1 2 "Os crimes associados ao caixa 2 e por que quem paga a conta é você". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-06-12.
  6. ↑ Law, Jonathan (2014-05-22), "slush fund", A Dictionary of Finance and Banking, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199664931.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-966493-1, retrieved 2023-06-12
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