Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891

Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1902
Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1902
Service history
In service	1902-1945
Production history
Designer	Schneider et Cie
Designed	1902
Manufacturer	Schneider et Cie
Produced	1902
Specifications
Mass	594 kg (1,310 lb)
Length	3.4 m (11 ft 2 in)
Barrel length	3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) 50 caliber
Shell	Fixed quick-fire 65 x 525R
Shell weight	4.17 kg (9 lb 3 oz)
Caliber	65 mm (2.6 in)
Breech	Vertical sliding-wedge
Recoil	Hydro-pneumatic
Carriage	High-Angle/Low-Angle
Traverse	360°
Muzzle velocity	870 m/s (2,900 ft/s)

Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891
Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891
	Fort de Fermont museum - Canon de 65 MLE 1891
Type	Naval gun; Coastal Artillery
Place of origin	France
Service history
In service	1891-1945
Used by	France; Bulgaria; China; Greece; Ottoman Empire; Peru
Wars	World War I; World War II
Production history
Designer	Schneider et Cie
Designed	1891
Manufacturer	Schneider et Cie
Produced	1891
Specifications
Mass	540 kg (1,190 lb)
Length	3.4 m (11 ft 2 in)
Barrel length	3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) 50 caliber
Shell	Fixed quick-fire 65 x 470R
Shell weight	4 kg (8 lb 13 oz)
Caliber	65 mm (2.6 in)
Breech	Vertical sliding-wedge
Recoil	Hydro-pneumatic
Carriage	High-Angle/Low-Angle
Traverse	360°
Muzzle velocity	715 m/s (2,350 ft/s)

The Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 were a family of widely used naval guns of the French Navy that were also used by the Ottoman Navy during World War I. Guns removed from decommissioned ships also saw use as coastal artillery and as fortress guns in the Maginot Line fortifications during World War II.^[4]

Construction

The Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 were developed and built by Schneider at the Le Creusot works. The guns were constructed of an A tube, a jacket, a wedge breech block, a locking ring, a trunnion hoop and used fixed quick fire ammunition. The Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 had similar dimensions, but the Modèle 1902 fired a slightly heavier projectile at a higher muzzle velocity. Both models are sometimes referred to as 9 pounders in English publications.^[2]

History

The Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 were mainly used as anti-torpedo boat defense aboard armored cruisers, destroyers, ironclads, pre-dreadnought battleships, protected cruisers, seaplane carriers and torpedo gunboats.

Armored cruisers

Amiral Charner-class - The tertiary armament of this class of four armored cruisers consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts amidships.
Dupuy de Lôme - The tertiary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts amidships.
Edgar Quinet-class - The secondary armament of this class of two armored cruisers consisted of twenty casemated M1902 guns in single mounts amidships.
Ernest Renan - The tertiary armament of this class of two armored cruisers consisted of sixteen casemated M1902 guns in single mounts amidships.

Destroyers

Arquebuse-class - The primary armament of this class of twenty ships consisted of one M1891 gun.
Bisson-class - The secondary armament of this class of six ships consisted of four M1902 guns in single mounts.
Bouclier-class - The secondary armament of this class of twelve ships consisted of four M1902 guns in single mounts.
Branlebas-class - The primary armament of this class of ten ships consisted of one M1902 gun.
Chasseur-class - The primary armament of this class of six ships consisted of six M1902 guns. The destroyer Actée from this class was sold to Peru before completion.
Claymore-class - The primary armament of this class of thirteen ships consisted of one M1902 gun.
Durandal-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of one M1891 gun. The Ottoman Navy ordered four destroyers in 1906 which they called the Samsun-class which were nearly identical.
Enseigne Roux-class - The secondary armament of this class of two ships consisted of four M1902 guns.
Framée-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of one M1891 gun.
Pertuisane-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of one M1891 gun.
Spahi-class destroyer - The primary armament of this class of seven ships consisted of six M1902 guns.
Voltigeur-class - The primary armament of this class of two ships consisted of six M1902 guns.

Ironclads

Amiral Duperré - The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of two M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits.
Dévastation-class - The quaternary armament of class this ship consisted of two or four M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits.
Hoche - The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits.
Hydra-class - The quaternary armament of this class of three Greek ships consisted of eight casemated M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits.
Marceau-class - The tertiary armament of this class of three ships consisted of six casemated M1891 guns in single mounts.
Redoutable - The tertiary armament of this ship consisted of five M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits.

Pre-dreadnought battleships

French battleship Brennus - The tertiary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts.
French battleship Charles Martel - The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts.
French battleship Carnot - The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts.
French battleship Jauréguiberry - The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts.
République-class battleship - The tertiary armament of this class of two battleships included thirteen M1902 guns in single mounts.
Liberté-class battleship - The tertiary armament of this class of four battleships consisted of thirteen M1902 guns in single mounts.>

Protected cruisers

Jean Bart-class cruiser - The tertiary armament of this class of two protected cruisers consisted of two M1891 guns in single mounts.
Alger

Seaplane carrier

Foudre - The secondary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts.

Torpedo gunboat

Nadezhda - The secondary armament of this ship consisted of two M1891 guns in single mounts.

Notes

↑ "48-57 MM CALIBRE CARTRIDGES". www.quarryhs.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
1 2 Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval weapons of World War One : guns, torpedoes, mines and ASW weapons of all nations : an illustrated directory. Seaforth Pub. ISBN 978-1848321007. OCLC 751804655.
↑ Campbell, John (1985). Naval weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0870214594. OCLC 13085151.
↑ DiGiulian, Tony. "France Miscellaneous 65 mm/50 (2.56") [9-pdr] Guns - NavWeaps". www.navweaps.com. Retrieved 2017-06-10.

References

Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1848321007.
Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.

External links

http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_26-50_m1888.php

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[1] "48-57 MM CALIBRE CARTRIDGES". www.quarryhs.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-03-11.

[:0-2] 1 2 Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval weapons of World War One : guns, torpedoes, mines and ASW weapons of all nations : an illustrated directory. Seaforth Pub. ISBN 978-1848321007. OCLC 751804655.

[3] Campbell, John (1985). Naval weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0870214594. OCLC 13085151.

[4] DiGiulian, Tony. "France Miscellaneous 65 mm/50 (2.56") [9-pdr] Guns - NavWeaps". www.navweaps.com. Retrieved 2017-06-10.

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French naval weapons of the First World War
Battleship primary armament	274 mm/40 Modèle 1893/1896 305 mm/45 Modèle 1887 305 mm/40 Modèle 1893/96 305 mm/45 Modèle 1906 340mm/28 Modèle 1881 340 mm/42 Modèle 1887 340 mm/45 Modèle 1912
Battleship secondary armament	47 mm/40 Modèle 1885 47 mm/50 Modèle 1902 57 mm/40 Modèle 1885 75 mm/62 Modèle 1908 75 mm/34 Modèle 1915/1916/1917 138 mm/55 Modèle 1910 164 mm/45 Modèle 1887 164 mm/45 Modèle 1893 194 mm/40 Modèle 1893-1896 240mm/50 Modèle 1902 274 mm/45 Modèle 1887/1893
Cruiser primary armament	164 mm/45 Modèle 1887 164 mm/45 Modèle 1893 194 mm/45 Modèle 1887 194 mm/40 Modèle 1893-1896 194 mm/50 Modèle 1902
Cruiser secondary armament	100 mm/45 Modèle 1891 138 mm/45 Modèle 1893 164 mm/45 Modèle 1887 164 mm/45 Modèle 1893
Destroyer and Aviso Primary armament	65 mm/50 Modèle 1891 100 mm/45 Modèle 1891 138 mm/45 Modèle 1893 138 mm/55 Modèle 1910
Anti-aircraft weapons	8 mm/50 Modèle 1914 57 mm/40 Modèle 1902