Pinjarra
Western Australia
Pinjarra
Coordinates32°37′48″S 115°52′16″E / 32.63000°S 115.87111°E / -32.63000; 115.87111
Population3,883 (UCL 2021)[1]
Established1830 (as name) / 1831 (as townsite)
Postcode(s)6208
Elevation9.58 m (31 ft)[2]
Area29.9 km2 (11.5 sq mi)
Location
LGA(s)Shire of Murray
State electorate(s)Murray-Wellington
Federal division(s)Canning
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
19.2 °C
67 °F		 11.8 °C
53 °F		 941.4 mm
37.1 in
Localities around Pinjarra:
Ravenswood Ravenswood Fairbridge
West Pinjarra Pinjarra Oakley
West Pinjarra Blythewood Oakley

Pinjarra is a town in the Peel region of Western Australia along the South Western Highway, 82 kilometres (51 mi) from the state capital, Perth and 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-east of the coastal city of Mandurah. Its local government area is the Shire of Murray. At the 2016 census, Pinjarra had a population of 4910.[3]

Pinjarra is an area rich in history, and is the home town of a former State Premier - Sir Ross McLarty. It is near the site of the Pinjarra massacre, where between 14 and 80 Noongar people were killed by British colonists in 1834.

History

The name was often shown spelt "Pinjarrup" on early maps, while the accepted spelling for many years was "Pinjarrah". There are conflicting theories regarding the meaning of the name, and it is usually said to mean "place of a swamp", as a corruption of the Aboriginal word "beenjarrup".[4] However, Pinjarra is more likely to have been named after the Pindjarup people who frequented the area.[5]

Pinjarra is one of the earliest European settlements to occur in Western Australia; one of the first settlers in the area was Thomas Peel, who established a settlement at the mouth of the Murray River in 1830.[4] In 1831, land was reserved for a townsite near a ford over the river. By 1834, word had spread about the rich loamy soils and pastures, bringing more Europeans to the area.[4][6] In 1834, at the insistence of Thomas Peel, a group was organised and led by Governor James Stirling to do something about the Aboriginal people; this group attacked the village consisting of over 20 mia-mias just after dawn. They approached from both sides of the river, which forced the people into the riveré where they caught the victims, mostly women and children, in a crossfire. Many bodies were left to float downstream. Official reports referred to it as a battle, and it was only over 150 years later that it was recognised as one of many colonial massacres in Australia.[7] Surveys were carried out in 1836 and land allocated to settlers in 1837.

By early 1898, the population of the town was 400, 300 males and 100 females.[8]

A British child migration scheme run by Kingsley Fairbridge established a farm school in the area in the early 1900s. Hundreds of orphaned children were educated at Fairbridge Farm between 1913 and 1981. Fairbridge Chapel was built at Pinjarra, in 1924 to Herbert Baker's design.

The author Kenneth (Seaforth) McKenzie grew up in Pinjarra, and parts of his experiences as a child living near the Murray River are found in his first novel The Young Desire It.

In 1974, an alumina refinery was established by Alcoa Australia Ltd, causing a boost in the population of Pinjarra and nearby Mandurah.[4][6] Pinjarra is also the site of the world's largest bauxite mine.

Facilities

Pinjarra contains one shopping centre, Pinjarra Junction, which opened in 2008.[9] It contains a K Hub, Coles Supermarket, Best & Less, Subway, The Reject Shop, Chicken Treat, Muffin Break, Liquorland and Sports Power. Target closed its store in the centre in early 2021 and was replaced with the new Kmart K Hub format.

Pinjarra contains Pinjarra Primary School, Pinjarra Senior High School, and St Joseph's Catholic Primary School.

Future and growth

Because of its close proximity to Mandurah and recent infrastructure and amenities investments, Pinjarra's population is likely to increase significantly through new subdivisions surrounding the original town-site. Armadale Railway Line also planning to extend till Byford in first phase and till Pinjarra in second phase.[9]

Sport

Pinjarra is home to both Thoroughbred Horse Racing and Harness Racing at Pinjarra Park[10] and Pinjarra Paceway,[11] respectively, under the authority of Racing and Wagering Western Australia. The feature race events held at these venues are the Pinjarra Cups, held in April and March of each year at the respective venues. Pinjarra and the Peel Region is also one of the major centres for WA Racing, with a number of trainers and breeders established in the region.

Transport

Pinjarra station is located on the South Western Railway and served by Transwa's twice daily Australind service from Perth to Bunbury.[12] In September 2012 a Transperth bus service was inaugurated between Murray Hospital in southern Pinjarra and Mandurah railway station, via Mandurah Forum on Pinjarra Road, and Pinjarra town centre.[13]

Pinjarra is also on the South Western Highway between Armadale and Bunbury, something which has both helped and hindered the town. Traffic through the town during holiday seasons has been known to stretch for kilometres north or south. As a result, there have been calls for the construction of a road bypass of the town.[14]

Tourism

Pinjarra is the operating base for the Hotham Valley Tourist Railway. Peel Zoo, known for its bird wildlife, is situated near Pinjarra.

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Pinjarra (urban centre and locality)". Australian Census 2021. 
  2. ↑ "Altitude of Pinjarra, Western Australia, Australia". Altitude-maps.com. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  3. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Pinjarra (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Pleasant town on the banks of the Murray River", The Sydney Morning Herald, 8 February 2004, retrieved 28 March 2011
  5. ↑ "History of country town names – P". Western Australian Land Information Authority. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2007.
  6. 1 2 "The History of Settlement" (url). Peel Inlet: Western Australia: History. at Mandurah WA. 1996–2000. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
  7. ↑ Palmer, David; Collard, Leonard (1996). "NIDJA BOODJAR BINJARUP NYUNGAR, KURA, YEYE, BOORDA": THE GCALYUT RESEARCH AND TRAINING PROJECT". The Gcalyut Research and Training Project. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  8. ↑ "Population of Western Australia". Western Mail. Perth, Western Australia: National Library of Australia. 22 April 1898. p. 23. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  9. 1 2 "Centre fills long-time needs for Pinjarra". www.thewest.com.au. Archived from the original on 27 July 2008.
  10. ↑ Pinjarra Park Website Pinjarra Race Club Inc
  11. ↑ Pinjarra Paceway Website Pinjarra Harness Racing Club Inc
  12. ↑ Australind Timetable Transwa
  13. ↑ "New routes 600 and 604 servicing North Yunderup, South Yunderup, Mandurah and Pinjarra". Transperth. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  14. ↑ "Fight to get Pinjarra Bypass on the Road: Randall". Don Randall MP. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  15. ↑ "St John's Church". Shire of Murray. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
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