Casmaria ponderosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Tonnoidea
Family:	Cassidae
Genus:	Casmaria
Species:	C. ponderosa
Binomial name
Casmaria ponderosa (Link, 1807)
Subspecies
Casmaria ponderosa perryi
Synonyms
Buccinum biarmatum Dillwyn, L.W., 1817 Buccinum nodulosum Gmelin, 1791 Buccinum pantherina "Solander, D.C." Dillwyn, L.W., 1817 Buccinum ponderosum Gmelin, 1791 (original combination) Casmaria ponderosa ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791) Casmaria ponderosa var. bicolor Dautzenberg, 1926 Cassis tenuilabris Menke, K.T., 1828 Cassis torquata Reeve, L.A., 1848 Phalium biarnatum Dillwyn, L.W., 1817 Phalium ponderosa [sic] Phalium ponderosum (Gmelin, 1791) Phalium quadratum Link, 1807 Phalium torquatum (Reeve, 1848)

Casmaria ponderosa, common name the heavy bonnet, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cassidae, the helmet snails and bonnet snails.^[1]

Subspecies

• Casmaria ponderosa perryi (Iredale, T., 1912): synonym of Casmaria perryi (Iredale, 1912)
• Casmaria ponderosa unicolor (Dautzenberg, Ph., 1926): synonym of Casmaria unicolor (Pallary, 1926)

Description

The size of an adult shell varies between 30 mm and 100 mm.

Distribution

This species occurs in the Red Sea, in the Indian Ocean along the Mascarene Basin, and in the Pacific Ocean off Hawaii.

References

• Jensen, R. H. (1997). A Checklist and Bibliography of the Marine Molluscs of Bermuda. Unp. , 547 pp
• Drivas, J. & Jay, M. (1987). Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'Île Maurice. Collection Les Beautés de la Nature. Delachaux et Niestlé: Neuchâtel. ISBN 2-603-00654-1. 159 pp.
• Steyn, D.G & Lussi, M. (2005). Offshore Shells of Southern Africa: A pictorial guide to more than 750 Gastropods. Published by the authors. Pp. i–vi, 1–289
• Buijse J.A., Dekker H. & Verbinnen G. (2013) On the identity of Casmaria species (Gastropoda, Cassidae), with descriptions of two new species. Acta Conchyliorum 14: 3-93.
• Verbinnen G., Segers L., Swinnen F., Kreipl K. & Monsecour D. (2016). Cassidae. An amazing family of seashells. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 251 pp

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Casmaria ponderosa.

• "Casmaria ponderosa ponderosa". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
• Gmelin J.F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae
• Link, D.H.F. (1807-1808). Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock. Adlers Erben.
• Reeve, L. A. (1848). Monograph of the genus Cassis. In: Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, vol. 5, pls 1-12 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London.
• Menke, K. T. (1828). Synopsis methodica molluscorum generum omnium et specierum earum, quae in Museo Menkeano adservantur; cum synonymia critica et novarum specierum diagnosibus. XII + 91 pp.