Asturias and Cantabria

• Deva, several rivers in northern Spain, and Pontedeva, Galicia, Spain : from Celtic *diwā- 'goddess; holy, divine'
• Mons Vindius (now the Cantabrian Mountains), NW Spain : from Celtic *windo- 'white'.

Castile

• Segovia, Castile and León, Spain, Greek Segoubía : from *segu-, conjectured to be Celtic for 'victorious', 'strength' or 'dry' (theories).

Galicia

• Tambre, a river in Galicia (Spain), Latin Tamaris : possibly from Celtic *tames- 'dark' (cf. Celtic *temeslos > Welsh tywyll 'darkness'). Other theories.
• O Grove, Medieval Latin Ogrobre 912:^[12] from Celtic *ok-ro- 'acute; promontory'^[13] and Celtic *brigs 'hill'.
• Bergantiños, Medieval Latin Bregantinos 830 : from Celtic *brigant- 'high, lofty, elevated', or divine name Brigantia, or from Celtic *brigantīnos 'chief, king'.^[14]
• Dumbría, Medieval Latin Donobria 830 : from Celtic *dūnon 'fortress' + Celtic **brīwa 'bridge'.
• Val do Dubra and Dubra River, Galicia : from Celtic *dubr- 'water', *dubrās 'waters' (Welsh dwfr).
• Monforte de Lemos (region), Latin Lemavos, after the local tribe of the Lemavi : from Celtic *lemo- 'elm' + suffix -avo.
• Nendos (region), Medieval Latin Nemitos 830 : from Celtic *nemeton 'sanctuary'.
• Noia, Galicia, Spain, Greek Nouion:^[15] from Celtic *nowijo- 'new' (Welsh newydd).

England

Place names in England derived partly or wholly from Goidelic languages include:

• Cambois, Northumberland, possibly from Old Irish cambas ("bay, creek")^[21]
• Carperby, Yorkshire containing the Irish Gaelic given-name Cairpe^[22]
• Dovenby, from personal name Dufan of Irish origin (OIr 'Dubhán')
• Dunmallard, Cumberland, possibly from Middle Irish *dùn-mallacht ("fort of curses")^[23]
• Fixby, from the Gaelic Irish personal name Fiach
• Glassonby, from the Irish personal name Glassan
• Liscard, Cheshire, possibly from Irish Gaelic lios na carraige meaning "fort of the rock".^[24]
• Malmesbury, from the Irish founder of the abbey Máel Dub
• Melmerby, Yorkshire, from the Old Irish personal name Máel Muire

Place names that directly reference the Irish include Irby, Irby upon Humber, Ireby and Ireleth.

Ireland

The vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicized Irish language names.

Scotland

The majority of placenames in the Highlands of Scotland (part of the United Kingdom) are either Scottish Gaelic or anglicized Scottish Gaelic. Gaelic-derived placenames are very common in the rest of mainland Scotland also. Pictish-derived placenames can be found in the northeast, while Brythonic-derived placenames can be found in the south.

Isle of Man

The majority of placenames on the Isle of Man (a Crown dependency) are Manx or anglicized Manx.

England (excluding Cornwall)

Evidence for a Celtic root to place names in England is widely strengthened by early monastic charters, chronicles and returns: examples relate to Leatherhead and Lichfield. To describe a place as of the Celts, the Old English wealh becoming Wal/Wall/Welsh is often used. This was the main Germanic term for Romano-Celtic peoples, such as the Britons. Such names are a minority, but are widespread across England. For example, a smattering of villages around the heart and east of The Fens hint at this: West Walton, Walsoken, and the Walpoles indicate their continued presence. Nearby Wisbech, King's Lynn and Chatteris have Celtic topographical elements.

• Arden (forest of), Warwickshire

From Celtic *ardu- 'high' (Irish ard)

• Avon (river), Gloucestershire/Wiltshire/Somerset
• Avon (river), Wiltshire/Hampshire/Dorset
• Avon (river), Northamptonshire/Warwickshire/Worcestershire/Gloucestershire
• Avon or Aune (river), Devon

From Brythonic *abona 'river' (Welsh afon)

• Axe (river), Devon/Dorset
• Axe (river), Somerset
• Axminster, Devon
• Axmouth, Devon

From Celtic *iska 'water' (Irish uisce)

• Brean, Somerset
• Bredon, Worcestershire
• Breedon on the Hill, Leicestershire
• Brewood, Staffordshire
• Brill, Buckinghamshire

First element from Celtic *briga 'hill'

• Brent (river), Greater London
• Brentford, Greater London

From Celtic *brigant- 'high, lofty, elevated' (or divine name, Brigantia)

• Bryn, Greater Manchester

Derived from Welsh bryn, 'hill'.

• Camulodunum (Latin), now Colchester, Essex

From *kamulos 'Camulus' (divine name) + Celtic *dūnon 'fortress'

• Creech St Michael, Somerset
• Crewkerne, Somerset
• Crich, Derbyshire
• Cricket St Thomas, Somerset
• Crickheath, Shropshire
• Cricklade, Wiltshire

First element from Brythonic *crüg 'hill'^[25] (Irish cruach)

• Crewe, Cheshire

From Old Welsh *criu 'river crossing'

• Dever (river), Hampshire
• Deverill (river), Wiltshire
• Devon, Latin Dumnonia

First two possibly linked. Latter from tribal name Dumnonii or Dumnones, from Celtic *dumno- 'deep', 'world'

• Dover, Kent, Latin Dubris
• Andover, Hampshire
• Wendover, Buckinghamshire

From Celtic *dubr- 'water', *dubrās 'waters' (Welsh dwfr; Breton dour)

• Durham, County Durham, Latin Dunelm

First element is possibly dun, ' hill fort' (Welsh ddin, 'fort').

• Durobrivae (Latin), now Rochester, Kent and Water Newton, Cambridgeshire
• Durovernum Cantiacorum (Latin), now Canterbury, Kent

First element from Celtic *duro- 'fort'; in Dūrobrīvae, Celtic *brīwa 'bridge'

• Eskeleth, North Yorkshire

Possibly derived from Brythonic *iska, 'water, fish' and *leith, 'damp, wet'.

• Exe (river), Devon/Somerset
• Nether Exe, Devon
• Up Exe, Devon
• Exebridge, Devon
• Exford, Somerset
• Exeter, Devon, Latin Isca Dumnoniorum
• Exminster, Devon
• Exmouth, Devon
• Exton, Somerset
• Exwick, Devon

From Celtic *iska 'water' (Irish uisce); second element in Isca Dumnoniorum (Exeter) is a tribal name (see Devon) Frome from the Brythonic word Frama meaning fair, fine or brisk.

• Leatherhead, Surrey

From Brythonic *lēd- [from Celtic *leito-] + *rïd- [from Celtic *(φ)ritu-] = "Grey Ford"^[25]

• Lincoln, Lincolnshire, Latin Lindum Colonia

From Celtic *lindo- 'pool' + Latin colonia 'colony'

• Manchester, Latin Mamucium or Mancunium

From Celtic *mamm- 'breast' (referring to the shape of a hill)

• Noviomagus (Latin), now Chichester, West Sussex and Crayford, Kent

From Celtic *nowijo- 'new' (Welsh newydd) + *magos 'field, plain'

• Pen y Ghent, Yorkshire

Equivalent with Welsh pen-y-gant ("summit of the border") or pen-y-gynt ("summit of the heathen").^[23]

• Pengethley, Herefordshire

From Brythonic *penn- 'hill, top, head, chief' (Welsh pen) + possibly *kelli 'to stand' (Welsh gelli)

• Pencoyd, Herefordshire
• Penge, Greater London
• Penketh, Cheshire

From Brythonic *penn- 'hill, top, head, chief' (Welsh pen) + *koid- 'wood' (Welsh coed), or *cēd- 'wood'^[25]

• Pencraig, Herefordshire
• Pendlebury, Greater Manchester
• Pendleton, Lancashire
• Pendock, Worcestershire
• Pensnett, West Midlands

First element from Brythonic *penn- 'hill, top, head, chief' (Welsh pen 'head, end, chief, supreme') = Irish ceann 'head', from Proto-Celtic *k^wenno-

• Penn, Buckinghamshire
• Penn, West Midlands

From Brythonic *penn- 'hill' (Welsh pen)

• Lower Penn, Staffordshire

From English lower + Brythonic *penn- 'hill'

• Penshaw, Sunderland

From Brythonic *penn- 'hill' and possibly p-Celtic *carr 'rocks'. This matches the earliest attestation from c. 1190, Pencher.

Old Sarum, Wiltshire, Latin Sorviodūnum Second element from Celtic *dūnon 'fortress'

• Segedunum (Latin), now Wallsend, Tyne and Wear

First element conjectured to be Celtic for 'victorious', 'strength' or 'dry' (theories). Second element is Celtic *dūnon 'fortress'.

• Sinodun Hills, south Oxfordshire

From Celtic *seno- 'old' + *dūnon 'fortress'

• Tamar (river), Devon/Cornwall
• Tame (river), Greater Manchester
• Tame (river), North Yorkshire
• Tame (river), West Midlands
• Team (river), Tyne and Wear
• Teme (river), Welsh Tefeidiad, Wales/Shropshire/Worcestershire
• Thames (river), Latin Tamesis

Possibly from Celtic *tames- 'dark' (cf. Celtic *temeslos > Welsh tywyll 'darkness'). Other theories.

• Trinovantum (Latin), now London

'Of the Trinovantes', a tribal name, perhaps 'very energetic people' from Celtic *tri- (intensive) + *now- 'energetic', related to *nowijo- 'new' (Welsh newydd)

• Verulamium (Latin), now St Albans, Hertfordshire

From Brittonic *weru- 'broad' + *lam- 'hand' [from Celtic *(φ)lāmā] (Welsh llaw, Irish láimh)

• Vindobala (Latin), Roman fort in Northumberland
• Vindolanda (Latin), Roman fort in Northumberland
• Vindomora (Latin), Roman fort in County Durham.

First element from Celtic *windo- 'white' (Welsh gwyn); in Vindolanda, Celtic *landā 'land, place' (Welsh llan). In Vindomora, second element could be 'sea' (Welsh môr, Irish muir).

• Wigan, Greater Manchester
• York, Greek Ebōrakon, Latin Eboracum or Eburacum from Celtic *eburo- 'yew'

Scotland

The post-6th century AD Brittonic languages of Northern England and Scotland were Cumbric and Pictish. Cumbric place-names are found in Scotland south of the River Forth,^[23] while Pictish names are found to the north.^[26]

• Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire

From **aber ("river mouth").^[27]

• Applecross, Ross-shire

Formerly Abercrosan, from aber ("river mouth").^[27]

• Arran

Possibly equivalent to Middle Welsh aran ("high place").^[28]

• Aviemore, Inverness-shire

An Aghaidh Mhòr in Gaelic, possibly involving Brittonic *ag- ("a cleft").^[29]

• Ben Lomond, Stirlingshire

Lomond is equivalent to Welsh llumon ("beacon").^[23]

• Blantyre, Lanarkshire

Equivalent to Welsh blaen ("extremes, source, front") + tir ("land").^[23]

• Blebo, Fife

Formerly Bladebolg, from Brittonic *blawd ("meal") + *bolg ("sack").^[30]

• Burnturk, Fife

Formerly Brenturk, equivalent to Welsh bryntwrch ("boar hill").^[27]

• Dallas, Moray

Equivalent to Welsh dôl ("haugh, meadow") + gwas ("abode").^[27]

• Darnaway, Moray

Ultimately from ancient Brittonic Taranumagos ("tunder-plain").^[27]

• Daviot, Inverness-shire

Perhaps from Brittonic *dem- meaning "sure, strong".^[29]

• Dull, Perthshire

Equivalent to Welsh dôl ("haugh, meadow").^[27]

• Ecclefechan, Dumfriesshire

Possibly equivalent to Welsh eglwysfechan ("small church").^[23]

• Edinburgh, Midlothian

From Din Ediyn, from a Brittonic form meaning "fort of Ediyn" (c.f. Welsh din).

• Esslemont, Aberdeenshire

Equivalent to Welsh iselfynydd ("low hill").^[27]

• Glasgo, Aberdeenshire

See Glasgow, Lanarkshire below.^[27]

• Glasgow, Lanarkshire

Equivalent to Welsh glascau ("blue hollow").^[27]

• Hebrides

Ebudes in Ptolemy (c. 140 AD), possibly from ancient Brittonic ep- ("a horse"; c.f. Welsh ebol).^[31]

• Keith, Banffshire

Equivalent to Welsh coed ("wood, forest").^[27]

• Lanark, Lanarkshire

Equivalent to Welsh llanerch ("a glade").^[23]

• Landrick, Perthshire

See Lanark, Lanarkshire.^[32]

• Lanrick, Perthshire

See Lanark, Lanarkshire.^[32]

• Lauder, Berwickshire

Equivalent either to Middle Breton louazr or Welsh llawedrawr.^[23]

• Lendrick, Kinross-shire.

See Lanark, Lanarkshire.^[32]

• Lendrick, Perthshire

See Lanark, Lanarkshire.^[32]

• Lomond Hills, Fife

See Ben Lomond, Stirlingshire.^[30]

• Mayish, Arran

Possibly from Brittonic maɣes ("field"; Welsh maes).^[33]

• Meggernie, Perthshire

From an element cognate with Welsh migwernydd ("boggy meadow").^[27]

• Methven, Perthshire

Equivalent to Welsh meddfaen ("meadstone").^[27]

• Midmar, Aberdeenshire

Equivalent to Welsh mig(n) ("bog, swamp") + Mar (a district name).^[27]

• Migvie, Aberdeenshire

Equivalent to Welsh mig(n) ("bog, swamp").^[27]

• Mounth, Perthshire, Angus and Aberdeenshire

Equivalent to Welsh mynydd ("mountain, moor, hill").^[26]

• Ochil Hills, Fife

Probably from Common Brittonic *okelon ("a ridge").^[26]

• Orchy, Argyll (river)

In Gaelic Urchaidh, from ancient Brittonic are-cētia ("on the wood").^[27]

• Panbride, Angus

From pant ("a hollow").^[27]

• Panlathy, Angus

From pant ("a hollow").^[32]

• Panmure, Angus

Equivalent to Welsh pantmawr ("big hollow").^[27]

• Pendewen, Angus

First element is possibly equivalent to Welsh pen ("head, top, summit, source").^[32]

• Penicuik, Midlothian

Equivalent to Welsh pen-y-cog ("summit of the cuckoo").^[23]

• Pennan, Aberdeenshire

Probably equivalent to Welsh pen ("head, top, summit, source").

• Pennygant Hill, Roxburghshire

See Pen y Ghent, Yorkshire, England.^[23]

• Perth, Perthshire

Probably equivalent to Welsh perth ("bush").

• Pinderachy, Anugs

First element is possibly equivalent to Welsh pen ("head, top, summit, source").^[32]

• Pinnel, Fife

Possibly equivalent to Welsh pen ("head, top, summit, source").^[30]

• Pulrossie, Sutherland

Possibly equivalent to Welsh pwllrhos ("promontory pool").^[34]

• Rattray, Aberdeenshire

Equivalent to Welsh rhawdtref ("ramparts town").^[27]

• Urquhart, Ross-shire

Formerly Airdchartdan, equivalent to Middle Welsh ar-cardden ("on the enclosure").^[27]

• Yell, Shetland

Probably from Common Brittonic iâla ("unfruitful land, pasture").^[35]

Wales

The vast majority of placenames in Wales (part of the United Kingdom) are either Welsh or anglicized Welsh.

Cornwall

The vast majority of placenames in Cornwall are either Cornish or anglicized Cornish. For examples, see List of places in Cornwall.

Brittany

The vast majority of placenames in the west of Brittany (part of France) are either Breton or derived from Breton. For examples, see Category:Populated places in Brittany.