Censuses in Indonesia are censuses of Indonesia's population, agriculture, and economy conducted by Statistics Indonesia. The first census after independence was held in 1961.

Law No. 16 of 1997 on Statistics governs the census in Indonesia.[1] The law mandates that three types of censuses be held at least every ten years: a population census, an agricultural census, and an economic census.[2] These censuses are administered by Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik), a government agency directly responsible to the President of Indonesia.[3] Government Ordinance No. 51 of 1999 on Statistical Administration further stipulates that population censuses are held on years ending with zero, agricultural censuses are held on years ending with three, and economic censuses are held on years ending with six.[4]

History

Rulers throughout Indonesia's history mostly used censuses for taxation purposes. This association and the counting of households rather than individuals in earlier censuses make their figures highly unreliable.[5]

Censuses in the colonial period

Sebastiaan Cornelis Nederburgh, the former Commissioner-General of the Dutch Cape Colony, organized the first formal census of Java in 1795.[6] Between 1880 and 1905, the Dutch East Indies conducted partial population counts every five years, with most of the data being limited to Java.[7] This was later followed by full censuses in 1920 and 1930. A third full census was planned for 1940 but was cancelled because of Japanese occupation of the Indies during World War II.[6]

Population census

After gaining independence, Indonesia did not hold its first census until 1961. The census was incomplete, however, and many of the detailed results have been lost.[6]

Year Total population Change in population World population ranking Most populous province Least populous province Ref(s)
1961 97,018,829 — 5 East Java (21,823,020) Central Kalimantan (496,522) [8][9]
1971 119,208,229 Increase 22.9% 5 East Java (25,516,999) Bengkulu (519,316) [10]
1980 147,490,298 Increase 23.7% 5 East Java (29,188,852) Bengkulu (768,064) [10]
1990 179,378,946 Increase 21.6% 5 West Java (35,384,352) Bengkulu (1,179,122) [10]
2000 206,264,595 Increase 15.0% 4 West Java (35,729,537) North Maluku (785,059) [10]
2010 237,641,326 Increase 15.2% 4 West Java (43,053,732) West Papua (760,422) [10]
2020 270,203,917 Increase 13.7% 4 West Java (48,274,162) North Kalimantan (701,814) [11]

Agricultural census

Economic census

References

Citations

  1. ↑ FAO 2019, p. 165.
  2. ↑ Law No. 16 of 1997, Art. 8, cl. 1.
  3. ↑ Law No. 16 of 1997, Art. 1, cl. 11; Art. 28, cl. 1.
  4. ↑ Govt. Ord. No. 51 of 1999, Art. 3, cl. 2.
  5. ↑ Cribb & Kahin 2004, p. 71.
  6. 1 2 3 Kahin 2015, p. 85.
  7. ↑ Nitisastro 2006, p. 7.
  8. ↑ Nitisastro 2006, p. 168.
  9. ↑ Nitisastro 2006, p. 169.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Statistics Indonesia 2021a.
  11. ↑ Statistics Indonesia 2021b, p. 18.

Statutes and regulations

  • "Pelaksanaan Sensus Penduduk" [Execution of the Population Census]. Government Ordinance No. 21 of 1979 (PDF) (in Indonesian).
  • "Pelaksanaan Sensus Penduduk 1971" [Execution of the 1971 Population Census]. Government Ordinance No. 29 of 1970 (PDF) (in Indonesian).
  • "Pelaksanaan Sensus Pertanian 1973" [Execution of the 1973 Agricultural Census]. Government Ordinance No. 40 of 1973 (PDF) (in Indonesian).
  • "Penyelenggaraan Sensus Penduduk 1961" [Administration of the 1961 Population Census]. Government Ordinance No. 49 of 1960 (PDF) (in Indonesian).
  • "Penyelenggaraan Sensus Perindustrian" [Administration of the Industrial Census]. Government Ordinance No. 16 of 1964 (PDF) (in Indonesian).
  • "Penyelenggaraan Sensus Pertanian" [Administration of the Agricultural Census]. Government Ordinance No. 46 of 1963 (PDF) (in Indonesian).
  • "Penyelenggaraan Statistik" [Statistical Administration]. Government Ordinance No. 51 of 1999 (PDF) (in Indonesian).
  • "Sensus" [The Census]. Law No. 6 of 1960 (PDF) (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council of Mutual Aid.
  • "Sensus Ekonomi" [The Economic Census]. Government Ordinance No. 29 of 1985 (PDF) (in Indonesian).
  • "Sensus Pertanian" [The Agricultural Census]. Government Ordinance No. 2 of 1983 (PDF) (in Indonesian).
  • "Statistik" [Statistics]. Law No. 16 of 1997 (PDF) (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council.

Bibliography

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