Chrysallida
Chrysallida navisa shell
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Heterobranchia
Subcohort:	Panpulmonata
Superfamily:	Pyramidelloidea
Family:	Pyramidellidae
Genus:	Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856[1]
Type species
Chrysallida communis C.B. Adams, 1852
Synonyms
Burkillia Iredale, 1915 (unnecessary replacement name for Tragula Monterosato, 1884) Chrysallida (Pyrgulina) A. Adams, 1864 Elodia de Folin, 1870 Elodiamea de Folin, 1886 Ividella Dall & Bartsch, 1909 Odostomia (Chrysallida) Carpenter, 1856 Partulida Schaufuss, 1869

Chrysallida is a speciose genus of minute sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pyramidellidae within the tribe Chrysallidini.^[2][3][4]

Taxonomy

The genus Folinella had two preoccupied names - Amoura De Folin, 1873 not J.E. Gray 1847, and Funicularia Monterosato, 1884 not Forbes, 1845.

The genus Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856 has been used as a catchall, particularly in the European literature following a lead by Winckworth (1932), for most pyramidellids having both axial and spiral sculpture but having otherwise little in common with the Californian type species C. communis (C. B. Adams, 1852). A statement that this is incorrect was voiced by van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud (2000: 21) who nevertheless still used Chrysallida as the genus to include many Eastern Atlantic species, distributed into several subgenera. Micali, Nofroni & Perna (2012) restored usage of Parthenina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 for several species formerly placed in Chrysallida. This move was continued by Høisæter (2014), Peñas, Rolán & Swinnen (2014) and Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (2014) who are here followed, but there are still many species remaining unduly under Chrysallida. For these, we have refrained from making new combinations not backed by (or implicit from) a published source. Nevertheless, all the species that were already "accepted" under a subgenus, now raised to full genus, have been marked as "accepted" under that full genus.^[5]

Distribution

Species within the genus Chrysallida are commonly distributed in all oceans from the tropics to the polar regions, the Arctic and the Antarctic. It is mainly known from coastal areas, and is uncommon in deep elevations such as trenches in the sea.

The members of Chrysallida are ectoparasites on serpulid polychaetes.

Species

There are multiple species within the genus Chrysallida, these include the following in alphabetical order:^[5]

Synonyms

The following species were brought into synonymy^[5]

Ecology

Little is known about the ecology of the members of this genus. As is true of most members of the Pyramidellidae sensu lato, they are most likely ectoparasites.

References

• Carpenter P.P. (1856) Description of new species and varieties of Calyptraeidae, Trochidae, and Pyramidellidae, principally in the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 24: 166-171
• Adams A. (1863). On the species of Pyramidellinae found in Japan. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 7: 1-6
• Schaufuss L.W. (ed). 1869. Molluscorum systema et catalogus. System una Aufzählung sämmtlicher Conchylien der Sammlung von Fr. Paetel. 4 pp unpaginated, pp. i-xiv and 1-119. Dresden
• de Folin L. 1870. D'une méthode de classification pour les coquilles de la famille des Chemnitzidae. Annales de la Société Linnéenne du Département du Maine et Loire 12: 191-202
• Monterosato T. A. (di) (1884). Nomenclatura generica e specifica di alcune conchiglie mediterranee. Palermo, Virzi pp. 152 [month of publication unknown, but later than February (the paper in Naturalista Siciliano, cited p. 57)
• Dall W.H. & Bartsch P. 1909. A Monograph of West American Pyramidellid Mollusks. Bulletin, United States National Museum, 68: i-xii, 1-258, 30 pl.
• Iredale T. (1915). Notes on the names of some British marine Mollusca. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 11(6): 329-342
• Iredale T. 1917. Molluscan name-changes, generic and specific. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 12: 322-330
• Corgan J.X. 1973. The names Partulida Schaufuss, 1869 and Spiralinella Chaster, 1901 (Gastropoda, Pyramidellacea). Journal of Conchology, 28: 9-10.
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
• Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp

Further reading

• Carpenter, P. P. (1856). "Description of new species and varieties of Calyptraeidae, Trochidae, and Pyramidellidae, principally in the collection of Hugh Cumming, Esq". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 24: 166–171.
• Dall, W. H.; Bartsch, P (1904). "Synopsis of genera, subgenera, and sections of the family Pyramidellidae". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 17: 1–16.
• De Folin, L.; Périer, L. (1867–1887). "Etudes internationale sur les perticularities nouvelles des regions sous-marines". Les Fonds de la Mer. 1–4.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chrysallida.

• Chrysallida nioba- Niobe odostome
• Chrysallida toroensis
• Occurrence of the genus Chrysallida
• Folinella sp.
• To ITIS