Circuit intendant of Shanghai
Traditional Chinese上海道臺
Simplified Chinese上海道台

The circuit intendant of Shanghai[1] or the daotai[2] of Shanghai, also formerly romanized as taotai or tao tai, was an imperial Chinese official who oversaw the circuit of Shanghai, then part of Jiangsu Province, in the Qing Empire. He oversaw the area's courts, law enforcement, civic defense, canals, and customs collection. As well as areas within modern Shanghai, his remit also included Qidong in present-day Jiangsu.

The position was only compensated at the 4a level (正四品官) but, in addition to other sources of income, it was seen as a springboard to higher office within the empire.

History

The original seat of the circuit was at Taicang. It was moved to Shanghai in the 18th century. The first foreign settlement in Shanghai, the British Concession, was established by the Land Regulations (土地章程) undertaken on the initiative of the intendant Gong Mujiu.[3] His was the one who signed it on behalf of the Qing government on 29 November 1845. Lin Gui approved the British consul Rutherford Alcock's proposal to extend the British boundary west from Barrier Road (界路, today's Henan Rd.)[4] to Thibet Road (泥城浜, now Xizang Rd.)[5] on 27 November 1848. On 6 April 1849, he signed the agreement with Charles de Montigny formalizing and delineating the city's French Concession.[6] An intendant was also involved with the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement upon the merging of the British and American settlements in 1863.[7]

The intendant was forced to flee the Small Sword Society in 1853 amid the chaos surrounding the Taiping Rebellion.[8]

The intendants of the 1870s and '80s resisted French plans to expand their concession southwest, particularly the construction of a road through Shanghai's Ningbo Cemetery to connect the French Concession with Xujiahui (then "Siccawei"). One of the intendants in the 1890s finally yielded upon an agreement by the French to pay the duly assessed value of the land condemned, but the demolition of the cemetery walls in July 1898 prompted riots which killed twelve and the landing of French troops to protect the construction workers.[9]

List

Installed NameOriginNotes
1730Xu Yongyou徐永佑
1731Wang Chenghui王澄慧Henan
1735Li Shan礼山Manchu army
1735Cui Lin崔琳Shanxi
1736Weng Zao翁藻Zhejiang
1740Li Shijie李士杰HubeiActing
1740Weng Zao翁藻Zhejiang
1740Wang Yunming王云铭Shandong
1743Wang Dexin汪德馨Henan
1745Tuo Enduo托恩多Manchu
1747Fu Chun傅椿Manchu
1748Tao Shihuang陶士偟Hunan
1748Zhu Lin朱霖Manchu armyActing
1749Guang An广安Manchu
1843Gong Mujiu宫慕久Dongping in Shandong
March 1847Xian Ling咸龄
April 1848Wu Jianzhang吴健彰Xiangshan in GuangdongActing
1848Lin Gui麟桂Manchu
August 1851Wu Jianzhang吴健彰Xiangshan in GuangdongActing
August 1854Lan Weiwen蓝蔚雯Acting
October 1857Xue Huan薛焕
1858Wu Xu吴煦
1862Huang Fang黄芳Acting
July 1864Ding Richang丁日昌
September 1865Ying Baoshi应宝时
1869Tu Zongying涂宗瀛
1872Shen Bingcheng沈秉成
1875Fen Junguang冯焌光
May 1877Liu Ruifen刘瑞芬
April 1882Shao Youlian邵友濂
October 1896Lü Haihuan吕海寰
July 1897Cai Jun蔡钧
April 1899Li Guangjiu李光久
1899Yu Lianyuan余联沅
1901Yuan Shuxun袁树勋Transferred
1906Rui Cheng瑞澂Itinerant

See also

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Murakami, Ei (December 2013), "A Comparison of the End of the Canton and Nagasaki Trade Control Systems", Itinerario, vol. 37, Leiden: Leiden University, pp. 39–48.
  2. ↑ Fox, Josephine (Autumn 2000), "Common Sense in Shanghai: The Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce and Political Legitimacy in Republican China", History Workshop Journal, vol. No. 50, pp. 22–44.
  3. ↑ Cassel, Pär (2003), "Excavating Extraterritoriality: The "Judicial Sub-Prefect" as a Prototype for the Mixed Court in Shanghai", Late Imperial China, vol. 24, pp. 156–182.
  4. ↑ French (2010), p. 63.
  5. ↑ French (2010), p. 165.
  6. ↑ French (2010), p. 215.
  7. ↑ French (2010), p. 49.
  8. ↑ Hamashita, Takeshi (2002), "Tribute and Treaties: East Asian Treaty Ports Networks in the Era of Negotiation, 1834–1894", European Journal of East Asian Studies, vol. 1, pp. 59–87.
  9. ↑ French (2010), pp. 52–3.

Bibliography

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