Clinopodium macrostemum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Clinopodium
Species:
C. macrostemum
Binomial name
Clinopodium macrostemum
Synonyms

Clinopodium laevigatum Standl.

Clinopodium macrostemum, the nurite, hediondilla, or toche, is a plant of the family Lamiaceae.[1]

Description

It is a bushy plant whose height can vary between 1 and 3 meters with erect stems and arching branches. The leaves have petioles of 2 to 5 millimeters, while their blade lengths vary from 1 to 4 centimeters long and 6 to 15 millimeters wide. It has bell-shaped flowers 2 to 3.5 centimeters long that have shades between orange and reddish.[2][3]

Distribution and habitat

It is usually found in temperate pine-oak or oyamel forests at altitudes between 2,400 and 3,200 meters above sea level. It is continuously distributed in the states of Jalisco, Michoacán, State of Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero, Puebla, Oaxaca and southern Hidalgo, with isolated specimens found in Sinaloa and Durango.[3][4][5]

Uses

Nurite leaf essential oil contains 32 main compounds: Linalool (55.4%), nerol (6.4%), caryophyllene (6.25%), menthone (5.8%), geranyl acetate (4.1%), terpineol (3.7%) and pulegone (2.8%). Other compounds identified in the plant are limonene, camphor, thymol, p-cymene, α-terpineol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and 3-hydroxy-ursenoic acid, which is why relaxing, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties are usually attributed to this plant. (because it has the capacity to inhibit up to 80% bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and even larvicides against mosquito pups.[3][6]

The essential oil has also shown antioxidant properties possibly attributed to the high amounts of thymol.[2] The efficacy of methanol extracts of C. macrostem has also been shown in laboratory rats to reduce damage to liver tissue caused by the ingestion of paracetamol and damage caused by carbon tetrachloride.[7]

In traditional medicine, nurite is used by the Purépecha people in Michoacán for the treatment of stomach upsets and properties are even attributed to it for the treatment of infertility, while in Oaxaca it is used to treat hangovers caused by excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, it is also used as a fever reducer, for the treatment of stomach ailments and in labor for young people under 30 years of age. It is also used as a daily food, either in infusion, fresh water, as a condiment or simply eaten with a tortilla.[8]

References

  1. ↑ "Poleo (Clinopodium macrostemum)" (in Spanish). Enciclovida. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
  2. 1 2 Torres Martínez, Rafael (2018). "Evaluación del efecto antioxidante y antiinflamatorio del aceite esencial y compuestos terpénicos del nurite (Satureja macrostema)" [Evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil and terpenic compounds of nurite (Satureja macrostema)] (PDF) (in Spanish). Morelia, Mexico: Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo: 29–66. Retrieved 2022-06-13. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. 1 2 3 Fulgencio Negrete, Rodolfo (2013). "Propiedad antifúngica de compuestos volátiles de tres plantas medicinales (nurite, santa maría y toronjil) sobre hongos patógenos de fresa" [Antifungal property of volatile compounds of three medicinal plants (nurite, santa maria and lemon balm) on pathogenic fungi of strawberry] (PDF) (in Spanish). Morelia, Mexico: Facultad de Químico-Farmacobiología de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo: 17–19. Retrieved 2022-06-13. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ↑ Turner, Billie Lee (2008). "TAXONOMIC STATUS OF CLINOPODIUM MACROSTEMUM (LAMIACEAE)" (PDF). Phytologia. Gruver, TX.: Texensis Publishing. 90 (3): 411–413. ISSN 0031-9430. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
  5. ↑ "Poleo (Clinopodium macrostemum)" (in Spanish). iNaturalist. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
  6. ↑ Rojas Olivos, Alejandra; Solano Gómez, Rodolfo; Granados Echegoyen, Carlos; Santiago Santiago, Luis Alberto; García Dávila, Jorge; Pérez Pacheco, Rafael; Lagúnez Rivera, Lucita (2018). "Larvicidal effect of Clinopodium macrostemum essential oil extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation against Culex quinquefasciatus". Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. Uberaba, Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - SBMT. 5 (13): 291–296. doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0284-2017. ISSN 0037-8682. PMID 29972558. S2CID 49676827. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
  7. ↑ Pérez Gutiérrez, Rosa Martha; Vázquez García, Verónica (2010). "Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of the methanol extract of the leaves of Satureja macrostema". Pharmacognosy Magazine. Mumbai, India: Medknow Publications. 6 (22): 125–131. doi:10.4103/0973-1296.62901. ISSN 0973-1296. PMC 2900060. PMID 20668579.
  8. ↑ Ortega Ortega, Tomás; Vázquez García, Verónica (2004). "Satureja macrostema: situación ambiental, conocimiento local y roles de género" [Satureja macrostema: environmental situation, local knowledge and gender roles] (PDF). Madera y Bosques (in Spanish). Xalapa, Mexico: Instituto de Ecología A.C. 20 (2): 71–86. doi:10.21829/myb.2014.202165. ISSN 1405-0471. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
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