After a short period of democracy, the 1989 coup deposed PM al-Mahdi
al-Bashir’s dictatorship after the 1989 coup lasted until the 2019 coup

Since gaining independence in 1956, Sudan has witnessed a protracted series of coups d'état, totalling around 19 coup attempts, of which 7 were successful,[1][note 1] which places Sudan as the African nation with the most coup attempts[2] and it ranks second globally, just behind Bolivia, which has recorded 23 coup attempts since 1950.[3] In the latest development, the 2023 Sudan Conflict began on 15 April 2023, involving clashes between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, both factions of the military government, with a focus on Khartoum and the Darfur region.

Coups

Notes

  1. 18 coup attempts with 6 successful according to Voice of America,[1] and 17 attempts with 6 successful according to BBC,[2] and both do not count the 1971 Sudanese coup as a successful.

References

  1. 1 2 Williamson, Megan Duzor and Brian. "By The Numbers: Coups in Africa". projects.voanews.com. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Gabon coup: The latest in a series of military takeovers on the continent". BBC News. 7 January 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  3. Taylor, Adam (1 December 2021). "Analysis | Map: The world of coups since 1950". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  4. 1 2 Al-Sayegh, Bakri (9 May 2023). "انقلابات وخيانات وخبيثات الضباط في بعضهم البعض داخل القوات المسلحة – البرهان "حميدتي" مثالآ-" [Coups, betrayals and maliciousness of officers against each other within the armed forces - Al-Burhan “Hemedti” for example]. Alrakoba.
  5. Al-Taweel, Amani (24 September 2021). "الانقلابات العسكرية في السودان بين الملامح والأسباب". اندبندنت عربية (in Arabic). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  6. Who's who in Africa: The Political, Military and Business Leaders of Africa. African Development. 1973. ISBN 978-0-9502755-0-5.
  7. Hailey, Foster (18 November 1958). "SUDAN COUP PUTS ARMY IN CONTROL; Capital Is Quiet as General Takes Power -- Parliament Ousted in Orderly Shift". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  8. "Sudan Embassy in Canada". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
  9. 1 2 Ben Hammou, Salah (2023). "The Varieties of Civilian Praetorianism: Evidence From Sudan's Coup Politics". Armed Forces & Society: 0095327X2311556. doi:10.1177/0095327X231155667. S2CID 257268269.
  10. العزاوي, قيس جواد (2 March 2023). الجيش والسلطة في التاريخ العثماني (in Arabic). ktab INC.
  11. "الحكومة العسكرية في السودان في الأعوام الثلاثة الماضية (1959 – 1961م) .. بقلم: بيتر كيلنر .. ترجمة: بدر الدين حامد الهاشمي". سودانايل (in Arabic). 13 May 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  12. Kilner, Peter (1962). "Military Government in Sudan: The Past Three Years". The World Today. 18 (6): 259–268. ISSN 0043-9134. JSTOR 40393412.
  13. "69. Republic of the Sudan (1956-present)". uca.edu. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  14. Historical Dictionary of the Sudan. p. 41.
  15. Korn, David A. (1993). Assassination in Khartoum. Indiana University Press. p. 87.
  16. Korn, David A. (1993). Assassination in Khartoum. Indiana University Press. p. 88. ISBN 0253332028.
  17. "Sudan Rebels Stage Coup But Loyal Troops Crush It". The New York Times. 6 September 1975. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  18. Al-Shaqlini, Abdullah (27 July 2018). "نظرة جهاز الأمن لحركة 2 يوليو 1976 .. بقلم: عبدالله الشقليني" [The Security Apparatus' View of the July 2, 1976 Movement]. سودانايل (in Arabic). Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  19. Johnson, Douglas Hamilton (2011). The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars: Peace Or Truce. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. ISBN 9781847010292.
  20. Kuyok, Kuyok Abol (2015). South Sudan: The Notable Firsts. AuthorHouse. ISBN 9781504943468.
  21. "SUDAN'S PRESIDENT IS OUSTED IN COUP BY MILITARY CHIEF". The New York Times. 7 April 1985. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  22. "Sudan's Military Ousts Numeiri: Coup Climaxes Protests; African Ally Was on Way Back From U.S." The Los Angeles Times. 7 April 1985. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  23. "Sudanese Leader Deposed in Coup". The Washington Post. 7 April 1985. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  24. "Military Coup in Sudan Ousts Civilian Regime". The New York Times. 1 July 1989. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  25. "Sudan Reports Blocking a Coup And Arresting Over 30 Officers". The New York Times. 24 April 1990. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  26. "Sudanese military government crushes coup attempt". UPI. 23 April 1990. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  27. "هذه قصة الانقلابات في السودان خلال ستة عقود". الرابطة الدولية للخبراء والمحللين السياسيين. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  28. Khalil, Rima (21 December 2021). "سجل حافل بالانقلابات في السودان: 12 انقلاباً في 64 عاماً". Alaraby (in Arabic). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  29. "هذه قصة الانقلابات في السودان خلال 6 عقود". Aljazeera (in Arabic). 24 September 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  30. "توتر جديد في السودان... تاريخ طويل من الانقلابات العسكرية". سبوتنيك عربي (in Arabic). 15 April 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  31. Altaweel, Amani (24 September 2021). "الانقلابات العسكرية في السودان بين الملامح والأسباب". اندبندنت عربية (in Arabic). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  32. "History of successful and coup attempts wey fail for Sudan since independence". BBC News Pidgin. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  33. "Tight security in Khartoum as gov't claims coup attempt". The New Humanitarian. 27 September 2004.
  34. "SUDAN: Coup Plot Threatens Peace Talks". IPSNews. 2 April 2004.
  35. "Sudan Sentences 8 Rebels to Death for Khartoum Raid - The New York Times". The New York Times. Agence France-Presse. 26 November 2022. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  36. "Darfur rebels poised to take Khartoum | The Independent | The Independent". Independent.co.uk. 7 July 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  37. "U.S. urges restraint after Sudan violence | Reuters". Reuters. 22 November 2020. Archived from the original on 22 November 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  38. "The attempted coup d'etat in Sudan". ISS Africa. 30 November 2012.
  39. "Coup attempt disrupted, Sudanese government says". CNN. 23 November 2012.
  40. El Sirgany, Sarah; Elbagir, Nima; Abdullah, Yasir (11 April 2019). "Sudan's President Bashir forced out in military coup". CNN. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  41. Abdelaziz, Khalid; Lewis, Aidan (11 April 2019). Lawrence, Janet (ed.). "Soldiers raid headquarters of Bashir's Islamic movement in Khartoum". Reuters. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  42. "Sudan failed coup: Government blames pro-Bashir elements". BBC News. 21 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  43. "Sudanese officials say coup attempt has failed". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  44. "تصفية اخر جيوب الانقلاب واعتقال عسكريين ومدنيين". Suna-News (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  45. Magdy, Samy (21 September 2021). "Sudanese officials say coup attempt failed, army in control". AP NEWS. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  46. Salih, Zeinab Mohammed; Beaumont, Peter (25 October 2021). "Sudan's army seizes power in coup and detains prime minister". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  47. Abdelaziz, Khalid; Awadalla, Nadine (25 October 2021). Pullin, Richard (ed.). "Sudan cabinet members, others arrested in apparent coup – Reuters witness". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  48. "Sudan coup: Protests continue after military takeover". BBC. 25 October 2021. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  49. "South Kordofan residents flee as Sudan war escalates". al-Arabiya. 23 June 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  50. "Battle For Key Police Base Kills At Least 14 Sudan Civilians". Barron's. 26 June 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
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