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Croatian dance traditionally refers to a category of folk-dances, the most common being the kolo.
Croatian dance varies by region, and can be found in Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. The traditional kolo is a circle dance, where dancers follow each other around the circle, is relatively simple in form and widespread throughout other Slavic countries. Due to emigration, Croatian folk dance groups are prevalent throughout the diaspora, most notably the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany.
Music is a very important part of Croatian folk dance. The most common instruments used are the tamburica, lijerica, jedinka, šargija, gusle, bagpipe, and accordion. Today, kolo is danced at weddings, baptisms, holidays such as Easter, and ethnic festivals.
History
The circle dance is one of the oldest and most basic forms of Croatian folk dance. It can be seen as an expression of community, especially in village life. Throughout a large part of Croatia right up until World War II, the kolo was the centre of village social life. The kolo as a dance became a tool for social gathering, and was often the main place at which young women and men could get to know each other. With many dances, the singing of jocular verses during the performance served as a way to express feelings or tell a story. By singing, movement, and gestures one could express what was proscribed in ordinary speech. Many young men and women used this as an excuse for courting and teasing one another. People may have performed a kolo outdoors on special occasions such as harvests, weddings, and religious celebrations to honor a special saint. More recently, the dances are performed at weddings, concerts, festivals or ethnic celebrations.
Other European dances became popular in certain parts of the country such as the polka in the north and the furlana in Istria, due to German/Austrian and Italian influences respectively.
Kolo
Slavonia and Baranja
Often considered to be the richest and liveliest of all Croatian dancing, the dancing from Slavonia is composed of difficult steps and lively music.
- Šokačko kolo
- Izvor voda izvirala
- Igra kolo u dvadeset i dva
- Povraćanac
- Dorata
- Logovac
- Žita
- Srce moje
- Todore
- Mista
- Kabanica
- Jabučice
- Ranče
- Sitne bole
Posavina
Like most northern Croatian dances, Posavina kolo is lively with plenty of singing. The Drmeš dance is one of the most popular types of kolo in Croatia, and can be seen throughout the regions.
- Drmeš
- Staro sito
- Ženina Volja - A woman's will
- Repa
- Dučec
- Oj Savice, tija vodo ladna
Podravina
Dances from Podravina are close to the Slavonian dances in style, which is lively with plenty of singing, which is typical for north Croatian folk dances.
- Drmeš
- Grizlica
- Ples z ropčecom
- Moldovan - literally Moldovan, believed to originate from local Romani
- Jelica kolce vodila
- Lepa Anka kolo vodi
- Rendajte se milo lane
- Tronjaka
- Sejale smo bažulka
- Na kraj sela kolo igra
- Postajale cure oko kola
- Gusta magla ti ne padaj na me
- Žena ide na gosti
- Katarena kolo vodi
Hrvatsko Zagorje
Hrvatsko Zagorje, or Croatian hinterland, is the north-central part of the country, which the capital Zagreb is a part of. Dances are lively and merry.
- Drmeš
- Nebeska
- Oberštajer
- Šroteš
- Ajnzerica - a lively dance said to have been derived from local gypsies from Marija Bistrica
- Repa
- Kriči kriči tiček
- Žena išla u gosti
- Podmostec
- Ženil se sirotek
- Dobar vecer dobri ljudi
A variation of the traditional polka:
- Puntarska polka
- Judin polka
- Krajc polka
Međimurje
The Međimurje region is the northern-est tip of Croatia, and shares much of the merry and lively dance qualities as other nearby regions.
- Čardaš
- Došla sam vam japa dimo - derived from traditional solo songs
- Kalaptanc
- Kuritari
- Regica
- Kaj se z Jelkom pripetilo
- Igrajte nam japa
- Faljila se Jagica
- Lepe naše senokoše
- Zginula je pikuša
- Šoštar polka
- Žena ide na gosti
- Vanjkušec
- Baroš oj Barice
Istria
Dances from Istria have strong influence from Venetian culture.
- Balun
- Cotić
- Hrvaski - literally, "Croatian" dance
- Korak
- Polka
- Štajeriš
Lika
Kolo from Lika can have music and instruments, or it can be silent with no instrumental accompaniment or even singing. With the silent dances, the only sounds being made are when the feet make contact with the floor and the rhythmic clinking sound of the women's coin necklaces, and sometimes, the dancers' voices as they sing. Though not often danced these days, these silent dances are well remembered by the older Ličani and are perpetuated by folk dance performing groups.
- Ličko kolo - traditional Lika dance
- Tanac
- Haj na lijevo
- Milica
- Oj Otočcu - from the town of Otočac
- Perjato, Rasperjato
- Okreni se, moje kolo malo
- Joj, moj dragane, ti ne radi toga
Dalmatia and islands
Due to its geography and history of foreign occupation, Dalmatia has a variety of dances influenced by its history. One example is the popular dance Linđo from Dubrovnik and southern Dalmatia, which has a distinct Mediterranean influence. On the other hand, the Nijemo Kolo from the Dalmatian hinterland shows influences of the Ottoman era on the region.
- Linđo
- Nijemo Kolo
- Potkolo - line dance done to tamburica
- Poskacica - a couple dance done to the lijerica
- Nemigusa - a "winking" couple dance
- Seljanica - popular
- Vrličko kolo - from the town of Vrlika
- Baška J' Malo Selo - From the village of Baska on Krk island
- Lipa li je rumen Rožica - from the island of Murter
- Dubravačko Kolo – Poskočica - merry dance from the Dubrovnik countryside
- Dubravačko Kolenda - A Dubrovnik carol
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Dances from Herzegovina are often a cross between Dalmatian Zagora traditions, and Ottoman influences, though much less than Bosnia proper.
- Sremica
- Vrtikolo
- O javore, javore
- Koja Gora Ivo
- Na Neretvu misecina pala
Serbia (Vojvodina)
Dances from Vojvodina are most similar to the Slavonian dances in their liveliness and activity. The Bunjevci Croats from the Bačka region are renowned for their beautifully embroidered female dresses, made from real silk from France, and the rattling sound made by the dancers' boots as they dance. In the Banat region, the men have their own competitive dance.
- Šokačko kolo
- Tandračak
- Bunjevačko momačko kolo - literally the Bunjevac men's kolo, where one man dances with two women
- Momacko nadigravanje - the men's competitive dance
- Kolo Igra, Tamburica Svira
- Malo kolo
- Podvikuje Bunjevačka Vila
Hungary and Romania
Croatian kolo from Hungary is mainly concentrated in the southern region near Baranja, while in Romania, it is in the Banat region. Due to Hungarian influence, the Csárdás remains one of the most popular dances among all ethnic groups.
- Tanac
- Šokadija
- Predgovor
- Dunje ranke
- Ranče
- Todore
- Kratka drmavica
- Tandrčak
- Ide snaša
- Maricce kolo
- Na dvi strane kolo
- Jabuke
- Romanska
- Kukunješće
- Rotkve
- Trojanac
- Devojče, Radojče
- Pačići
- Kolo
- Narodne nošnje
Other dances
On the island of Korčula in the Adriatic, a popular sword dance, the moreška, is still prevalent and performed at festivals and special events.
In the nineteenth century, a new form of ballroom dancing emerged in Croatia. Elements of European ballroom spread throughout the region, and dances such as the polka soon became widespread all throughout the Croatian regions. Croatian ballroom dancing, or salonsko kolo, emerged in the nineteenth century as a result of the above influences.[1] Due to the Croatian national revival and re-awakening of Croatian culture and national identity, an effort was made to incorporate traditional music and dances into the urban dance revival. Intellectual idealists saw kolo as a quintessential Slavic dance, and chose to adopt it in the urban context.[2] It was at this time that the hrvatsko kolo emerged as a choreographed dance.
Due to the strong Venetian/Italian influence in Istria and parts of Dalmatia, the furlana has become a part of the culture, most especially in Vodnjan. A specific strain of the furlana song is called the "Polesana", and is thought to originate from Istria. The name may either have come from the Italian word for "a woman from Pula", or from the Croatian word "polesa", meaning "rural".[3]
Burgenland Croats in Austria, influenced by German/Austrian and Hungarian cultures, have their own dance traditions, influenced by the liveliness of the polka and the csárdás. An example is the 'Filež dance' from Nikitsch, which is light-hearted and cheerful, with dancers often bringing in props like a broom or a bottle to the dance.[4]
Costume
Many Croatian dancers wear a national costume. These vary from region to region in style, design, color, material, shape and form.
See also
References
- ↑ Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research, Vol. 12, No. 2. "Salonsko Kolo: Dance of Nineteenth-Century Croatian Ballrooms", by Zdravko Blažeković p 114
- ↑ Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research, Vol. 12, No. 2. "Salonsko Kolo: Dance of Nineteenth-Century Croatian Ballrooms", by Zdravko Blažeković p 115-116
- ↑ The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Winter, 1999). "A Venetian Dancing Master Teaches the Forlana: Lambranzi's Balli Teatrali" by Daniel Heartz.
- ↑ Volkstänze
Further reading
- Ivančan, Ivan (1988). "Folk dance among the Croats" (PDF). Narodna Umjetnost. Special Issue (2): 69–106. Retrieved 3 September 2020.