Portal:Croatia

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Welcome to the Croatia Portal!
Dobro došli na hrvatski portal!

Flag of Croatia	Coat of Arms of Croatia

Croatia (/kroʊˈeɪʃə/ ^ⓘ, kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska, pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe. Its coast lies entirely on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Italy to the west. Its capital and largest city, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, with twenty counties. Other major urban centers include Split, Rijeka and Osijek. The country spans 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles), and has a population of nearly 3.9 million.

The Croats arrived in modern-day Croatia in the late 6th century, then part of Roman Illyria. By the 7th century, they had organized the territory into two duchies. Croatia was first internationally recognized as independent on 7 June 879 during the reign of Duke Branimir. Tomislav became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. During the succession crisis after the Trpimirović dynasty ended, Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest, the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne. In October 1918, the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, independent from Austria-Hungary, was proclaimed in Zagreb, and in December 1918, it merged into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, most of Croatia was incorporated into a Nazi-installed puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia. A resistance movement led to the creation of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, which after the war became a founding member and constituent of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 25 June 1991, Croatia declared independence, and the War of Independence was successfully fought over the next four years.

Croatia is a republic and a parliamentary liberal democracy. It is a member of the European Union, the Eurozone, the Schengen Area, NATO, the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the OSCE, the World Trade Organization, a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean, and is currently in the process of joining the OECD. An active participant in United Nations peacekeeping, Croatia contributed troops to the International Security Assistance Force and was elected to fill a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council in the 2008–2009 term for the first time.

Croatia is a developed country with an advanced high-income economy and ranks 40th in the Human Development Index. Service, industrial sectors, and agriculture dominate the economy. Tourism is a significant source of revenue for the country with nearly 20 million tourist arrivals as of 2019. Since 2000s, the Croatian government has heavily invested in infrastructure, especially transport routes and facilities along the Pan-European corridors. Croatia has also positioned itself as a regional energy leader in the early 2020s and is contributing to the diversification of Europe's energy supply via its floating liquefied natural gas import terminal off Krk island, LNG Hrvatska. Croatia provides social security, universal health care, and tuition-free primary and secondary education while supporting culture through public institutions and corporate investments in media and publishing. (Full article...)

Recognized content -

Entries here consist of Good and Featured articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.

View of Prozor in 2010

Operation Alfa (Italian: Operazione Alfa; Serbo-Croatian: Operacija Alfa, Операција Алфа) was an offensive carried out in early October 1942 by the military forces of Italy and the Axis puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), supported by Chetnik forces under the control of vojvoda Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin. The offensive was directed against the communist-led Partisans in the Prozor region (today in Bosnia and Herzegovina), then a part of the NDH. The operation was militarily inconclusive, and in the aftermath, Chetnik forces conducted mass killings of civilians in the area.

The operation was arranged between Generale designato d'armata (acting General) Mario Roatta, commander of the Italian Second Army, and Trifunović-Birčanin, with the approval of the overall Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović. It was carried out in coordination with the Germans and included elements of the Croatian Home Guard and the NDH Air Force. Faced with heavy weaponry and seriously outnumbered, the Partisans retreated and withdrew from Prozor without significant fighting. Chetniks elements under the command of Dobroslav Jevđević and Petar Baćović then massacred between 543 and 2,500 Croats and Muslims and destroyed numerous villages in the area. Following protests from both the Italians and the Croatian authorities, the Chetnik elements were discharged or relocated. Italian and NDH forces followed up Operation Alfa with Operation Beta, which was focused on capturing Livno and surrounding localities. Baćović was killed by NDH forces near the end of the war, while Jevđević escaped to Italy and avoided prosecution by the new Yugoslav government. Mihailović was captured by the communist authorities following the war, tried and found guilty for the Chetnik actions at Prozor (among other charges), and was sentenced to death and executed. (Full article...)

List of recognized articles

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that ownership of the sail training ship Jadran is disputed between Croatia and Montenegro?
... that during the production of Serious Sam: The First Encounter, all of its developers were conscripted into the Croatian military?
... that you can watch frogs playing poker in Split, Croatia?
... that Tin Srbić was the first Croatian to win a gold medal at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships?
... that the video game Football Glory features its developers in the Croatia national football team?

General images

The following are images from various Croatia-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Ban Josip Jelačić at the opening of the first modern Croatian Parliament (Sabor), June 5, 1848. The Croatian tricolour flag can be seen in the background. (from Croatia)
Image 2Portrait of a Roman woman, found in Solin (Salona), Croatia. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 3Portal of the Trogir cathedral by sculptor Radovan, c. 1240 (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 4Cremeschnitte of Samobor (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 5Late 9th century Church of Holy Salvation, built at the time of duke Branimir of Croatia. (from History of Croatia)
Image 6A map of 10th-century Croatian counties (županije), as they were mentioned in De Administrando Imperio. The counties marked in blue, represent the territories governed by the Croatian Ban. (from History of Croatia)
Image 7Poglavnik of the Independent State of Croatia, Ante Pavelić, shakes hands with Adolf Hitler in 1941. (from History of Croatia)
Image 8The climax of Hasan Pasha's Great Offensive was third Battle of Sisak on 22 June 1593. The battle is depicted here by Johann Weikhard von Valvasor. (from History of Croatia)
Image 9President Zoran Milanović on NATO summit on 11 July 2023, Vilnius, Lithuania. The accession of Croatia to NATO took place in 2009. (from Croatia)
Image 10Ban Josip Jelačić at the opening of the first Croatian civic Parliament (Sabor) whose deputies were elected on 5 June 1848. In earlier Sabors, members represented feudal estates rather than citizens. The Croatian tricolor flag can also be seen in the background. Dragutin Weingärtner, 1885. (from History of Croatia)
Image 11Dubrovnik is one of Croatia's most popular tourist destinations. (from Croatia)
Image 12University Hospital Centre Zagreb is the largest hospital in Croatia and the teaching hospital of the University of Zagreb. (from Croatia)
Image 13Tounj bridge on Jozephina road (from History of Croatia)
Image 14People of Zagreb celebrating liberation on 12 May 1945 by Croatian Partisans (from Croatia)
Image 15Sinjska alka (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 16Vineyard in Hrvatsko Zagorje. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 17Croatian borders similar to those established with the Peace of Karlowitz in 1699. Although the peace treaty meant relief from Ottoman pressure, Croatia lost the compactness of its territory. (from History of Croatia)
Image 18Pelješac Bridge in June 2022. (from History of Croatia)
Image 19Croatian musical diva Josipa Lisac. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 20Cathedral of St Stephen in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, the 14th century interior (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 21Vučedol dove - the most famous piece of bronze age Vučedol culture. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 22The woodcut by Leonhard Beck, from c. 1515, depicts the Battle of Krbava Field between the Army of Croatian nobility and Ottoman akinjis. (from History of Croatia)
Image 23Croatia became the 28th EU member country on 1 July 2013. (from Croatia)
Image 24The Baška tablet is the oldest Glagolitic monument in Croatia. It documents the donation of land gifted by Croatian King Dmitar Zvonimir to the Benedictine monastery of St Lucy. (from Croatia)
Image 25Telašćica Nature Park is one of 444 protected areas. (from Croatia)
Image 26Croatia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (from History of Croatia)
Image 27The Law Code of Vinodol from 1288, written in Glagolitic script, is the earliest legal text written in the Croatian language. This code regulated relations between inhabitants of the town of Vinodol and their overlords, the counts of Krk. (from History of Croatia)
Image 28Arena Zagreb. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 29Plitvice Lakes, IUCN Category II (National Park) (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 30University of Zadar, 1396, Croatia's oldest university (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 31Historic centre of Trogir has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Site since 1997. (from Croatia)
Image 32Novigrad Castle, near Zadar was a place where anti-court supporters held queens Mary and Elizabeth in captivity. Velebit mountain can be seen in castle's background. (from History of Croatia)
Image 33Interior of the Croatian National Theatre, Zagreb (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 34Krka National Park, cascade waterfalls of river Krka called "Necklaces" (from Croatia)
Image 35One of the seats of 14th-century magnate Paul Šubić, in Bribir. Paul held the hereditary titles of the Ban of Croatia and Lord of Bosnia. Croatian historians sometimes refer to Paul as "the uncrowned king of Croatia". (from History of Croatia)
Image 36Ozalj Castle - one of Zrinski-Frankopan conspirators center and a center of Ozalj literary-linguistic circle which produced Croatian baroque literature such as: Putni tovaruš, Gazophylacium or Gartlic za čas kratiti. (from History of Croatia)
Image 37National Memorial Cemetery of The Victims of Homeland War in Vukovar, the central place of holding the National Remembrance Day, public holiday on November 18, for all the victims of the war in Croatia and the Vukovar massacre, one of the symbolic and crucial events in the Croatian War of Independence 1991. (from Croatia)
Image 38Fascist leaders of Nazi Germany and its puppet state Independent State of Croatia, Adolf Hitler and Ante Pavelić, meeting in Berghof outside Berchtesgaden, Germany, 1941 (from Croatia)
Image 39Varaždin, capital of Croatia between 1767 and 1776, is the seat of Varaždin county; Pictured: Old Town fortress, one of 15 Croatia's sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage tentative list (from Croatia)
Image 40Iapodic headwear and other material culture from Gacka valley, Croatia. (from History of Croatia)
Image 41Architecture of Old Town in Dubrovnik (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 42Croatia national football team came in second at the 2018 World Cup in Russia. (from Croatia)
Image 43Baška Tablet (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 44A man wearing Lika cap. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 45Croatians in a caffe bar on Petar Preradović Square, also known as "Flowers Square" (Cvjetni trg), in Zagreb (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 46Cardinal Aloysius Stepinac with the Croatian communist leader Vladimir Bakarić at the celebration of May Day, shortly before Stepinac was arrested and convicted by the communists, he became a symbol of resistance to the communist regime in Yugoslavia. (from Croatia)
Image 47Two parts of the Triune Kingdom: Croatia-Slavonia (number 17) and Dalmatia (number 5) within Austria-Hungary (from History of Croatia)
Image 48The 1835 issue of the magazine Danicza, with lyrics of what would later become the Croatian national anthem "Lijepa naša domovino" ("Our Beautiful Homeland"). (from History of Croatia)
Image 49Croatian borders since the 9th century (from History of Croatia)
Image 50The assassination of Croatian MPs in the National Assembly in Belgrade was one of the events which greatly damaged relations between Serbs and Croats in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. (from History of Croatia)
Image 51"Remnants of the Remnants" (Reliquiae Reliquiarum), shown on this map in yellow, represent the territory under the jurisdiction of Croatian-Slavonian Sabor at the height of the Ottoman advance (from History of Croatia)
Image 52Self-portrait with Dog (Autoportret sa psom) by Miroslav Kraljević (1910) Modern Gallery, Zagreb (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 53Proclamation of severing ties with Austria-Hungary in front of Croatian Sabor in 1918. (from History of Croatia)
Image 54The Split pluteus with the figure of a king, dating from the 11th century. It is hypothesized to depict a Croatian king, probably Petar Krešimir IV or Zvonimir. It was originally situated in Hollow Church. (from History of Croatia)
Image 55Croatian writer Ivana Brlić - Mažuranić most known for her popular children's novel The Marvellous Adventures of Lapich the Apprentice (Croatian: Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića) (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 56The flag of Croatia was hoisted together with the flag of Europe on the building of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs in Zagreb as a symbol of Croatia's membership in both the Council of Europe and the European Union (from History of Croatia)
Image 57Skywalk in Biokovo Nature Park (from Croatia)
Image 58Pluteus with the figure of king from 11th century, found in Hollow Church in Solin is thought to most likely depict a King of Croatia, probably Petar Krešimir IV or Demetrius Zvonimir. Above the sculpture, Croatian interlace can also be seen, which is a common feature of Croatian pre-romanesque art. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 59Marko Marulić (18 August 1450 – 5 January 1524), Croatian poet, lawyer, judge, and Renaissance humanist who coined the term "psychology". He is the national poet of Croatia. (from Croatia)
Image 60Pula Film Festival is held each year during summer. Its main stage is Roman amphitheatre in Pula. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 61Kingdom of Croatia c. 925, during the reign of King Tomislav (from Croatia)
Image 62Highway network in Croatia (from Croatia)
Image 63A visit of Austro-Hungarian emperor Franz Joseph to Zagreb in 1895, where he officially opened the Croatian National Theatre building. (from History of Croatia)
Image 64Savka Dabčević-Kučar, Croatian Spring participant; Europe's first female prime minister (from History of Croatia)
Image 65Coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (from History of Croatia)
Image 66Clockwise from top left: The central street of Dubrovnik, the Stradun, in ruins during the Siege of Dubrovnik; the damaged Vukovar water tower, a symbol of the early conflict, flying the Croatian tricolor; soldiers of the Croatian Army getting ready to destroy a Serbian tank; the Vukovar Memorial Cemetery; a Serbian T-55 tank destroyed on the road to Drniš (from History of Croatia)
Image 67Coronation of King Tomislav by Oton Iveković (from Croatia)
Image 68Josip Broz Tito led Yugoslavia from 1944 to 1980; Pictured: Tito with the US president Richard Nixon in the White House, 1971 (from Croatia)
Image 69On January 1, 2023, Croatia replaced the kuna as its national currency and adopted the euro, on the same day Croatia became part of the Schengen zone. (from Croatia)
Image 70Satellite image of Croatia (from Croatia)
Image 71Bora is a dry, cold wind which blows from the mainland out to sea, whose gusts can reach hurricane strength, particularly in the channel below Velebit. On the picture Bora in the town of Senj. (from Croatia)
Image 72Zlatni Rat beach on the Island of Brač is one of the foremost spots of tourism in Croatia. (from Croatia)
Image 73Šibenik Cathedral, since 2000 on the UNESCO World Heritage List (from Croatia)
Image 74Franjo Tuđman, the 1st president of the modern independent Republic of Croatia (from History of Croatia)
Image 75A border marking of Illyrian Provinces on Sava river shores in modern-day Zagreb. (from History of Croatia)
Image 76A 16th century depiction of Vrana monastery, seat of John of Palisna. (from History of Croatia)
Image 77Fans on Poljud stadium during Croatia's biggest football derby between Hajduk Split and Dinamo Zagreb. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 78Radio Zagreb, now a part of Croatian Radiotelevision, was the first public radio station in Southeast Europe. (from Croatia)
Image 79A map of the Istrian peninsula from the Roman map Tabula Peutingeriana, made sometime in the 4th century (from History of Croatia)
Image 80A tower on top of Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT) building in Zagreb neighbourhood of Prisavlje. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 81Flag of the Independent State of Croatia (from History of Croatia)
Image 82The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was an autonomous kingdom within Austria-Hungary created in 1868 following the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement. (from Croatia)
Image 83Traditional Croatian musicians playing violins (from Culture of Croatia)

Selected biography -

Mladen Lorković (Croatian pronunciation: [mlâden lǒːrkoʋit͡ɕ]; 1 March 1909 – April 1945) was a Croatian politician and lawyer who became a senior member of the Ustaše and served as the Foreign Minister and Minister of Interior of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II. Lorković led the Lorković-Vokić plot, an attempt to establish a coalition government between the Ustaše and the Croatian Peasant Party and align the Independent State of Croatia with the Allies.

As a student, he joined the Croatian Party of Rights but, viewed as a dissident in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, he fled the country to avoid arrest and eventually settled in Germany where he obtained a doctorate in law at the University of Berlin. In 1934, he joined the Ustaše and became a close associate of Ante Pavelić. Although he was initially commander of all Ustaše in Germany, where he sought support in creating and protecting a Croatian state, he later became leader of all Ustaše outside Italy. Soon after the establishment of the NDH, he was appointed as Foreign Minister and strongly opposed Italian influence on the state. After his cabinet chief, Ivo Kolak, was executed in 1943 for smuggling gold, Lorković was removed from office but later named Minister of Interior. As Minister of Interior, he negotiated with the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) in the hopes of establishing a coalition government. He also held secret negotiations with HSS representatives to propose having the NDH join the Allies against Germany. Although he apparently had the support of Pavelić, he and his cohorts were soon arrested as conspirators against the state and after a period in detention was executed at the end of April 1945 alongside Ante Vokić. (Full article...)

List of selected biographies
Juan Bielovucic Zdenko Blažeković Matthias Corvinus Nikola Tesla Vedran Ćorluka Ivo Josipović Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović Lisa Nemec Jasna Omejec Sandra Perković Luka Modrić Josip Jelačić

Selected geography article -

The A1 motorway (Croatian: Autocesta A1) is the longest motorway in Croatia, spanning 476.3 kilometers (296.0 mi). As it connects the nation's capital Zagreb to the second largest city Split, the motorway represents a major north–south transportation corridor in Croatia and a significant part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Apart from Zagreb and Split, the A1 motorway runs near a number of major Croatian cities, provides access to several national parks or nature parks, world heritage sites, and numerous resorts, especially along the Adriatic Coast. National significance of the motorway is reflected through its positive economic impact on the cities and towns it connects as well as its importance to tourism in Croatia.

The motorway consists of two traffic lanes and an emergency lane in each driving direction separated by a central reservation. All intersections of the A1 motorway are grade separated. As the route traverses rugged mountainous and coastal terrain, it has required 376 bridges, viaducts, tunnels and other similar structures in sections completed , including the two longest tunnels in Croatia and two bridges comprising spans of 200 meters (660 ft) or more. There are 33 exits and 26 rest areas operating along the route. As the motorway is tolled using a ticket system and vehicle classification in Croatia, each exit includes a toll plaza. (Full article...)

List of selected geography articles
D21 road (Croatia) List of inhabited islands of Croatia Slavonia Zaprešić Sava Croatian Littoral Grič Tunnel (Zagreb) Dubrovnik

More did you know -

...that anthropologist Ivan Vučetić founded dactyloscopy?

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Selected monthly picture

A part of the harbour in Pula, Croatia, under sunset. Pula (Slovene: Pulj; Istriot Pula; Italian: Pola) is the largest city in Istria, situated at the southern tip of the peninsula, with a population of 62,080 (2006).

Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, tame sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing, shipbuilding, and tourism. Pula has also been Istria's administrative center since ancient Roman times.

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