David Eagleman
David Eagleman wearing a dark shirt, looking left of camera and appearing to speak
Eagleman in 2010
Born (1971-04-25) April 25, 1971
Albuquerque, New Mexico, US
Alma mater
Known for
AwardsGuggenheim Fellowship, Science Educator of the Year – Society for Neuroscience
Scientific career
FieldsNeuroscience
InstitutionsBaylor College of Medicine, Stanford University
Websiteeagleman.com
eagleman.sites.stanford.edu

David Eagleman (born April 25, 1971)[1][2] is an American neuroscientist, author, and science communicator. He teaches neuroscience at Stanford University[3] and is CEO and co-founder of Neosensory, a company that develops devices for sensory substitution.[4] He also directs the non-profit Center for Science and Law, which seeks to align the legal system with modern neuroscience[5] and is Chief Science Officer and co-founder of BrainCheck, a digital cognitive health platform used in medical practices and health systems.[6] He is known for his work on brain plasticity,[7] time perception,[8] synesthesia,[9] and neurolaw.[10]

He is a Guggenheim Fellow and a New York Times-bestselling author published in 32 languages.[11][12][13][14][15] He is the writer and presenter of the international television series, The Brain with David Eagleman,[16] and the host of the podcast "Inner Cosmos with David Eagleman".[17]

Biography

Eagleman was born in New Mexico to Jewish parents Arthur and Cirel Egelman, a physician and a biology teacher, respectively.[18] Eagleman decided to change his name from Egelman after discovering alternative spellings in personal genealogy research.[19] An early experience of falling from a roof raised his interest in understanding the neural basis of time perception.[20][21] He attended the Albuquerque Academy for high school. As an undergraduate at Rice University, he majored in British and American literature. He spent his junior year abroad at Oxford University. He graduated from Rice in 1993.[22] He earned his PhD in Neuroscience at Baylor College of Medicine in 1998, followed by a postdoctoral fellowship at the Salk Institute.

Eagleman is an adjunct professor at Stanford University, after directing a neuroscience research laboratory for 10 years at Baylor College of Medicine. He serves as the Chief Science Advisor for the Mind Science Foundation, and is the youngest member of the board of directors of the Long Now Foundation. Eagleman is a Guggenheim Fellow,[23] a Fellow of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies,[24] and a council member on the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on Neuroscience & Behavior.[25] He was voted one of Houston's Most Stylish men,[26] and Italy's Style fashion magazine named Eagleman one of the "Brainiest, Brightest Idea Guys" and featured him on the cover.[27] He was awarded the Science Educator Award by the Society for Neuroscience.[28] He has spun off several companies from his research,[29] including BrainCheck,[6] which helps medical professionals assess and diagnose cognitive impairment and dementia, and Neosensory,[4] which uses sound-to-touch sensory substitution to feed data streams into the brain, as described in his TED talk.[7]

Eagleman has been profiled in magazines such as the New Yorker,[8] Texas Monthly,[30] and Texas Observer,[31] on pop-culture television programs such as The Colbert Report[32] and on the scientific program Nova Science Now.[33] Stewart Brand wrote that "David Eagleman may be the best combination of scientist and fiction-writer alive".[34] Eagleman founded Deathswitch, an internet based dead man's switch service, in 2007.[35] He also appeared on MPR News, in a segment called Ask a Neuroscientist, where he answered audience-submitted questions.[36]

As opposed to committing to strict atheism or to a particular religious position, Eagleman who was raised Jewish, refers to himself as a possibilian,[37][38] which distinguishes itself from atheism and agnosticism by studying the structure of the possibility space.

Scientific specializations

Sensory substitution

Sensory substitution refers to feeding information into the brain via unusual sensory channels, a central topic in Eagleman's book Livewired. In a TED talk,[7] Eagleman unveiled a method for using sound-to-touch sensory substitution to feed data streams into the brain.[39] In 2015, together with Dr. Scott Novich, PhD, he co-founded the company Neosensory,[40][41] headquartered in Palo Alto, California, of which he is the CEO. As of 2023, Neosensory has raised over 20 million dollars in venture funding.[42] In 2015, the company presented the Versatile Extra-Sensory Transducer (VEST) wearable device that "translates" speech and other audio signals into series of vibration, that allows deaf people to "feel" sounds on their body.[43][44][45] In 2019, Neosensory presented the Buzz wristband, a sensory substitution device that transfers sound into dynamic vibration patterns, aimed for deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals.[46][47][48] This was followed in 2021 by the Neosensory Duo, which uses bimodal stimulation for addressing tinnitus.[49] In 2022, the company released the Neosensory Clarify for high-frequency hearing loss: the wristband uses machine learning to detect high-frequency phonemes in real time and indicate their presence to the user through vibrations.

Time perception

Eagleman's scientific work combines psychophysical, behavioral, and computational approaches to address the relationship between the timing of perception and the timing of neural signals.[50][51][52] Areas for which he is known include temporal encoding, time warping, manipulations of the perception of causality, and time perception in high-adrenaline situations.[53] In one experiment, he dropped himself and other volunteers from a 150-foot tower to measure time perception as they fell.[54] He writes that his long-range goal is "to understand how neural signals processed by different brain regions come together for a temporally unified picture of the world".[3]

Synesthesia

Synesthesia is an unusual perceptual condition in which stimulation to one sense triggers an involuntary sensation in other senses. Eagleman is the developer of The Synesthesia Battery, a free online test by which people can determine whether they are synesthetic.[55] By this technique he has tested and analyzed thousands of synesthetes,[56] and has written a book on synesthesia with Richard Cytowic, entitled Wednesday is Indigo Blue: Discovering the Brain of Synesthesia.[9] Eagleman has proposed that sensory processing disorder, a common characteristic of autism, may be a form of synesthesia.[57]

Visual illusions

Eagleman has published extensively on what visual illusions[58] tell us about neurobiology, concentrating especially on the flash lag illusion and wagon wheel effect.

Neuroscience and the law

Neurolaw is an emerging field that determines how modern brain science should affect the way we make laws, punish criminals, and invent new methods for rehabilitation.[10][59][60] Eagleman is the founder and director of the Center for Science and Law.[5][61]

Memory

Eagleman's BrainCheck tests ones cognitive abilities, including their memory.[62] The Eagleman Laboratory operated a website from 2013 to 2017 called mylifememory.info about hyperthymesia, which invited users to take "The Extraordinary Memory Test" for research purposes.[63] The lab was trying to find individuals with the condition so they could "further elucidate the causes and nature of hyperthymesia."

Television

Eagleman wrote and hosted The Brain with David Eagleman, an international television documentary series for which he was the writer, host, and executive producer[64][65][66][67][68][69] The series debuted on PBS in America in 2015,[70] followed by the BBC in the United Kingdom and the SBS in Australia before worldwide distribution. The New York Times listed it as one of the best television shows of the year.[71] In 2016, the series was nominated for an Emmy Award.

In 2018 he made a Netflix documentary, The Creative Brain, based on his book The Runaway Species with Anthony Brandt. In that documentary, he interviews creators such as Tim Robbins, Michael Chabon, Grimes, Dan Weiss, Kelis, Robert Glasper, Nathan Myhrvold, Michelle Khine, Nick Cave, Bjarke Ingels, and others.[72]

Eagleman served as a scientific advisor for the HBO television series Westworld.[73][74] He previously served as the science advisor for the TNT television drama, Perception, starring Eric McCormack as a schizophrenic neuropsychiatrist.[75] In that role, Eagleman wrote one of the episodes, "Eternity".[76]

Books

Wednesday Is Indigo Blue: Discovering the Brain of Synesthesia

Eagleman's 2009 book on synesthesia, co-authored with neurologist Richard E. Cytowic,[77] compiles contemporary understanding and research about this perceptual condition. The afterword for the book was written by Dmitri Nabokov, the son of Vladimir Nabokov, a synesthete. The book won the Montaigne Medal for "books that illuminate, progress, or redirect thought".[78]

Sum

Eagleman's 2009 work of literary fiction, Sum: Forty Tales from the Afterlives, is an international bestseller published in 32 languages. The Observer wrote that "Sum has the unaccountable, jaw-dropping quality of genius";[13] The Wall Street Journal called Sum "inventive and imaginative";[79] and the Los Angeles Times hailed it as "teeming, writhing with imagination".[14] In The New York Times Book Review, Alexander McCall Smith described Sum as a "delightful, thought-provoking little collection belonging to that category of strange, unclassifiable books that will haunt the reader long after the last page has been turned. It is full of tangential insights into the human condition and poetic thought experiments ... It is also full of touching moments and glorious wit of the sort one only hopes will be in copious supply on the other side."[12] Sum was chosen by Time magazine for their Summer Reading list[80] and selected as Book of the Week by both The Guardian[81] and The Week.[82] In September 2009, Sum was ranked by Amazon as the #2 bestselling book in the United Kingdom.[83][84]

The Safety Net (previously titled Why the Net Matters)

In 2020, Eagleman published The Safety Net: Surviving Pandemics and Other Disasters, an updated and retitled version of a book he had published in 2010: Why the Net Matters. In it, he argues that the advent of the internet mitigates some of the traditional existential threats to civilizations.[85] In keeping with the book's theme of the dematerialization of physical goods, he chose to publish the manuscript as an app for the iPad rather than a physical book. The New York Times Magazine described Why the Net Matters as a "superbook", referring to "books with so much functionality that they're sold as apps".[86] Stewart Brand described it as a "breakthrough work". The project was longlisted for the 2011 Publishing Innovation Award by Digital Book World.[87]

Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain

Eagleman's 2011 science book Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain was a New York Times bestseller[11] and was named a Best Book of the Year by Amazon,[88] The Boston Globe,[89] and Houston Chronicle.[90] The book was reviewed as "appealing and persuasive" by The Wall Street Journal[91] and "a shining example of lucid and easy-to-grasp science writing" by The Independent.[92] The book explores the brain as being a "team of rivals", with different parts constantly "fighting it out" among each other.[93]

The Brain: The Story of You

In 2015, The Brain came out as a companion book to the television series The Brain with David Eagleman.

Brain and Behavior: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective

In 2016, Eagleman co-authored a textbook on cognitive neuroscience with Jonathan Downar, titled Brain and Behavior: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective, published by Oxford University Press.

The Runaway Species

In 2017, Eagleman and co-author Anthony Brandt wrote The Runaway Species, an examination of human creativity. The book was described by Nature as "A lively exploration of the software our brains run in search of the mother lode of invention... It sweeps the reader through examples from engineering, science, product design, music and the visual arts to trace the roots of creative thinking."[94] The Wall Street Journal wrote that "the authors look at art and science together to examine how innovations — from Picasso's initially offensive paintings to Steve Jobs's startling iPhone — build on what already exists ... This manifesto of sorts shows how both disciplines foster creativity."[95]

Livewired: The Inside Story of the Ever-Changing Brain

In 2020, Eagleman published Livewired: The Inside Story of the Ever-Changing Brain, a nonfiction book about neuroplasticity. As of late 2020, it has been nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. A Kirkus review described it as "outstanding popular science",[96] while New Scientist magazine wrote that "Eagleman brings the subject to life in a way I haven't seen other writers achieve before."[97] Harvard Business Review wrote that Livewired "gets the science right and makes it accessible ... completely upending our basic sense of what the brain is in the process."[98] The Wall Street Journal wrote that "since the passing of Isaac Asimov, we haven't had a working scientist like Eagleman, who engages his ideas in such a variety of modes. Livewired reads wonderfully, like what a book would be if it were written by Oliver Sacks and William Gibson, sitting on Carl Sagan's front lawn."[99]

Personal life

Eagleman is married to Sarah Alwin, Alwin was a doctoral candidate who studied the electrophysiology of vision at the University of Texas in Houston.[100] They have two children. Eagleman does not drink alcohol.[101]

Works

References

  1. ↑ https://twitter.com/davideagleman/status/62637279356788736
  2. ↑ Likharev, Konstantin K. (February 27, 2021). Essential Quotes for Scientists and Engineers. Springer Nature. ISBN 9783030633325. Retrieved November 4, 2022 – via Google Books.
  3. 1 2 "David Eagleman". deagle.people.stanford.edu. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  4. 1 2 "Home". neosensory.com. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  5. 1 2 "Center for Science & Law – We harness neuroscience, data science, and legal research to advance justice". scilaw.org. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  6. 1 2 "Cognitive Health Platform for Everyday Clinical Use". BrainCheck. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
  7. 1 2 3 David Eagleman TED talk, March 18, 2015.
  8. 1 2 The Possibilian: David Eagleman and the Mysteries of the Brain, The New Yorker, April 25, 2011.
  9. 1 2 Cytowic RE and Eagleman DM (2009). Wednesday is Indigo Blue: Discovering the Brain of Synesthesia. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  10. 1 2 The Brain on Trial, David Eagleman, The Atlantic, July 2011
  11. 1 2 Inside the List, New York Times, June 10, 2011
  12. 1 2 Alexander McCall Smith, Eternal Whimsy: Review of David Eagleman's Sum, New York Times Book Review, June 12, 2009. Retrieved on June 14, 2009.
  13. 1 2 Geoff Dyer, Do you really want to come back as a horse?: Geoff Dyer is bowled over by a neuroscientist's exploration of the beyond, The Observer, June 7, 2009. Retrieved on June 12, 2009.
  14. 1 2 David Eagleman's Sum (book review), Los Angeles Times, February 1, 2009. Retrieved on February 8, 2009.
  15. ↑ International editions of SUM. Retrieved on March 19, 2015.
  16. ↑ "The Brain with David Eagleman | PBS". Retrieved November 4, 2022 – via www.pbs.org.
  17. ↑ "Podcast".
  18. ↑ "BCM dissertation acknowledgements" (PDF). Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  19. ↑ "Jumping to conclusions". Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  20. ↑ Radiolab: Falling, September 2010.
  21. ↑ Ripley, Amanda (2008). The Unthinkable: Who Survives When Disaster Strikes – and Why. Crown Books. pp 65–67.
  22. ↑ "Association of Rice Alumni". Rice.edu. Archived from the original on June 4, 2010. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
  23. ↑ "David M. Eagleman". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  24. ↑ "David Eagleman".
  25. ↑ "World Economic Forum - Home". www3.weforum.org. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  26. ↑ Schmal, Jody (2011). "Men Of Style Going Global". Houston Magazine.
  27. ↑ David Eagleman, Style, December 2011, Issue 12, pp 75–80.
  28. ↑ Science Educator Award, Society for Neuroscience, October 2012.
  29. ↑ "David Eagleman". scholar.google.com. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  30. ↑ Hardy 3, Michael (October 14, 2015). "Is David Eagleman Neuroscience's Carl Sagan?". Texas Monthly. Retrieved November 4, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. ↑ The Soul Seeker: A neuroscientist's search for the human essence, Texas Observer, May 28, 2010.
  32. ↑ Colbert Report: David Eagleman, Aired July 21, 2011.
  33. ↑ Profile: David Eagleman, Nova Science Now, Aired February 2, 2011.
  34. ↑ Introduction to Eagleman lecture at the Long Now Foundation, April 1, 2010.
  35. ↑ Houston Chronicle, January 9, 2007.
  36. ↑ "Ask a Neuroscientist: How and where are memories stored?". MPR News. March 12, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  37. ↑ Beyond god and atheism: Why I am a possibilian, David Eagleman, New Scientist, September 27, 2010.
  38. ↑ Stray questions for David Eagleman, The New York Times Paper Cuts, July 10, 2009.
  39. ↑ Novich SD & Eagleman DM (2015). Using space and time to encode vibrotactile information: toward an estimate of the skin's achievable throughput. Experimental Brain Research. 233 (10): 2777-2788.
  40. ↑ "Device lets hearing-impaired feel sound via wrist vibrations". Healthy Hearing. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  41. ↑ "Homepage". neosensory.com. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  42. ↑ Neosensory announces 10 million Series A financing round, Business Insider, January 2019]
  43. ↑ Li, Shirley (April 14, 2015). "The Wearable Device That Could Unlock a New Human Sense". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  44. ↑ Kirkwood, David H. (April 29, 2015). "VEST enables deaf to understand by feel". Hearing News Watch. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  45. ↑ Keller, Kate. "Could This Futuristic Vest Give Us a Sixth Sense?". Smithsonian. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  46. ↑ Perrotta MV, Asgeirsdottir T, Eagleman DM (2021). Deciphering sounds through patterns of vibration on the skin. Neuroscience. 458: 77-86.
  47. ↑ King, Darryn (September 5, 2019). "Hearing Loss? A New Device Lets You Feel Sound". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  48. ↑ "The Wristband that Gives You Superpowers". NEO.LIFE. January 10, 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  49. ↑ Perrotta MV, Kohler I, Eagleman DM (2023). Bimodal stimulation for the reduction of tinnitus using vibration on the skin. International Tinnitus Journal. 27(1):01-05.
  50. ↑ Eagleman DM (2009). Brain Time. In What's Next? Dispatches on the Future of Science. Ed: Max Brockman. Vintage Books.
  51. ↑ Burdick, A (2006). The mind in overdrive. Discover, 27 (4), 21–22.
  52. ↑ Eagleman, DM (2008). "Human time perception and its illusions" (PDF). Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 18 (2): 131–6. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2008.06.002. PMC 2866156. PMID 18639634.
  53. ↑ Stetson C, Fiesta MP, Eagleman DM (2007). Does time really slow down during a frightening event? PLoS One. 2(12):e1295.
  54. ↑ Choi, CQ. Time doesn't really freeze when you're freaked, MSNBC, December 11, 2007.
  55. ↑ "Eagleman DM, Kagan AD, Nelson SN, Sagaram D, Sarma AK (2007). A standardized test battery for the study of Synesthesia" Journal of Neuroscience Methods 159: 139–145" (PDF). Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  56. ↑ Novich, SD; Cheng, S; Eagleman, DM (2011). "Is synesthesia one condition or many? A large-scale analysis reveals subgroups" (PDF). Journal of Neuropsychology. 5 (2): 353–371. doi:10.1111/j.1748-6653.2011.02015.x. PMID 21923794.
  57. ↑ The blended senses of synesthesia, Los Angeles Times, February 20, 2012.
  58. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 26, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  59. ↑ The Brain and The Law, Lecture at the Royal Society for the Arts, London, England, April 21, 2009.
  60. ↑ Eagleman DM, Correro MA, Singh J (2009). Correro, Mark A.; Eagleman, David M. (April 9, 2009). "Why Neuroscience Matters for a Rational Drug Policy". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help), Minnesota Journal of Law, Science and Technology.
  61. ↑ "You are your brain" – David Eagleman on transforming the criminal justice system, Reason TV, April 2010. Retrieved on February 19, 2012.
  62. ↑ "BrainCheck: David Eagleman's New App Tests Cognitive Health in Under 5 Minutes". The Lavin Agency Speakers Bureau. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  63. ↑ Eagleman, David. "My Life Memory: Studying Hyperthymesia". mylifememory.info. Eagleman Laboratory: For Perception and Action. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  64. ↑ "David Eagleman's New TV Show 'The Brain' Gets Inside Your Head". Newsweek. October 15, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  65. ↑ "David Eagleman Wants You to Meet Your Brain". New York. October 14, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  66. ↑ Gareth Cook (October 6, 2015). "Exploring the Mysteries of the Brain - David Eagleman answers questions about his major PBS series". Scientific American.
  67. ↑ David DiSalvo (October 13, 2015). "The Cosmos Inside Your Head: Neuroscientist David Eagleman Tells The Story Of The Brain On PBS". Forbes.
  68. ↑ Daniel Bor (October 1, 2015). "Neuroscience: The mechanics of mind". Nature. 526 (7571): 41–42. Bibcode:2015Natur.526...41B. doi:10.1038/526041a.
  69. ↑ Michael Hardy (October 14, 2015). "Is David Eagleman Neuroscience's Carl Sagan?". Texas Monthly.
  70. ↑ "The Brain with David Eagleman". Public Broadcasting Service.
  71. ↑ "The Best TV Shows of 2015". The New York Times. December 7, 2015. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
  72. ↑ "The Creative Brain on Netflix". Netflix.
  73. ↑ "Free will, AI, and vibrating vests: investigating the science of Westworld". Science. May 2, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  74. ↑ "'Westworld' Science Advisor Talks Brains and AI". Discover. June 7, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  75. ↑ Internet Movie Database, Full Cast & Crew, Perception
  76. ↑ Internet Movie Database, Eternity episode of Perception
  77. ↑ Cytowic, Richard E.; Eagleman, David (2009). Wednesday Is Indigo Blue: Discovering the Brain of Synesthesia. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01279-9.
  78. ↑ "Montaigne Medal Winners". www.hofferaward.com. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  79. ↑ Stark, A. In Our End Is Our Beginning, The Wall Street Journal, February 13, 2009.
  80. ↑ "Summer Reading List". Time. July 13, 2009.
  81. ↑ Nick Lezard, Life after life explained, The Guardian, June 13, 2009.
  82. ↑ Book of the week: Sum: Forty Tales from the Afterlives by David Eagleman, The Week, March 6, 2009.
  83. ↑ Stephen Fry tweet sends book's sales rocketing, The Guardian, September 11, 2009.
  84. ↑ Stephen Fry's Twitter posts on David Eagleman novel sparks 6000% sales spike, The Telegraph, September 11, 2009.
  85. ↑ A new species of book, BBC Radio 4, Today Programme, December 13, 2010
  86. ↑ Watch Me, Read Me, New York Times Magazine, January 16, 2011
  87. ↑ DBW Innovation Awards longlist, retrieved January 16, 2011.
  88. ↑ Amazon.com Best Science Books of 2011
  89. ↑ "On science: Best books of the year". The Boston Globe. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  90. ↑ "Bookish: Best Books of 2011". blog.chron.com. Archived from the original on April 27, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  91. ↑ The Stranger Within, The Wall Street Journal, June 15, 2011
  92. ↑ Incognito review, The Independent, April 17, 2011
  93. ↑ Fresh Air with Terry Gross (May 31, 2011). "'Incognito': What's Hiding in the Unconscious Mind". National Public Radio (U.S.) WHYY, Inc. Press the blue button to hear the audio of the interview.
  94. ↑ Jones, Dan (2017). "Neuroscience: The mother lode of invention". Nature. 550 (7674): 34–35. Bibcode:2017Natur.550...34J. doi:10.1038/550034a.
  95. ↑ Fall Books for Tech Lovers—and Those Who Want to Escape It, The Wall Street Journal, October 5, 2017
  96. ↑ Livewired – Kirkus Reviews, August 25, 2020
  97. ↑ Livewired review: How a 6-year-old had half his brain removed and recovered in 3 months, New Scientist, Sep 23, 2020
  98. ↑ Unartificial Intelligence, Harvard Business Review, Nov-Dec 2020
  99. ↑ Levitin, Daniel J. (September 4, 2020). "Livewired Book Review". The Wall Street Journal.
  100. ↑ Bilger, Burkhard (April 18, 2011). "The Possibilian". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  101. ↑ "Optimize Your Brain For Better Health, Performance, and Fulfillment | Neuroscientist, Dr. David Eagleman". Finding Mastery. Retrieved November 7, 2023.

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