Demo or Damo (Greek: Δεμώ, Δαμώ; fl. c. AD 200) was a Greek woman of the Roman period, known for a single epigram, engraved upon the Colossus of Memnon, which bears her name. She speaks of herself therein as a lyric poet dedicated to the Muses, but nothing is known of her life.^[1]

Identity

Memnon's other leg (1743)

Demo was evidently Greek, as her name, a traditional epithet of Demeter, signifies. The name was relatively common in the Hellenistic world, in Egypt and elsewhere, and she cannot be further identified. The date of her visit to the Colossus of Memnon cannot be established with certainty, but internal evidence on the left leg suggests her poem was inscribed there at some point in or after AD 196.^[2]

Epigram

John William Godward: Erato at Her Lyre (1895)

There are a number of graffiti inscriptions on the Colossus of Memnon. Following three epigrams by Julia Balbilla, a fourth epigram, in elegiac couplets, entitled and presumably authored by "Demo" or "Damo" (the Greek inscription is difficult to read), is a dedication to the Muses.^[2] The poem is traditionally published with the works of Balbilla, though the internal evidence suggests a different author.^[1]

In the poem, Demo explains that Memnon has shown her special respect. In return, Demo offers the gift for poetry, as a gift to the hero. At the end of this epigram, she addresses Memnon, highlighting his divine status by recalling his strength and holiness.^[2]

Demo, like Julia Balbilla, writes in the artificial and poetic Aeolic dialect. The language indicates she was knowledgeable in Homeric poetry—'bearing a pleasant gift', for example, alludes to the use of that phrase throughout the Iliad and Odyssey.^{[lower-alpha 1][2]}

Hail, son of Dawn, for favourably you spoke to me,
Memnon, for the sake of the Muses, to whom I am dear—
Damo, lover of song. Showing favour [or perhaps 'bringing aid'],
my barbitos shall ever sing your power, o holy one.^[1]

Notes

References

Sources

• Brennan, T. C. (1998). "The Poets Julia Balbilla and Damo at the Colossus of Memnon". The Classical World, 91(4): pp. 215–234.
• Plant, Ian Michael (2004). Women Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome: An Anthology. London: Equinox Publishing Ltd. pp. 157–158.
• Rosenmeyer, Patricia A. (2018). The Language of Ruins: Greek and Latin Inscriptions on the Memnon Colossus. Oxford University Press. pp. 108–110, 123–124, 164–168.