The democratization of knowledge is the acquisition and spread of knowledge amongst a wider part of the population, not just privileged elites such as clergy and academics. Libraries, in particular public libraries, and modern information technology such as the Internet play a key role, as they provide the masses with open access to information.

History

Literate and illiterate world population between 1800 and 2016

Wide dissemination of knowledge is inseparable from the spread of literacy.

The Information Age is a historical period that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the Industrial Revolution, to an economy centered on information technology.[1]

Wikipedia is rapidly turning into a real-time reference tool in which public entries can be updated by anyone who has access to the required technology and enough time. This and similar phenomena—a product of the information age—have greatly increased the accessibility not only to the fruition of information but also to its production and diffusion in the post-modern era. This has raised a number of valid criticisms (Reliability of Wikipedia). For instance, one could draw a distinction between the mere spread of information and the spread of inaccurate or non-credible information. Wikipedia, which in principle relies on external sources, may thus be a more reliable source of information in certain spheres, but not in others.

Digitization efforts by Google Books have been pointed to as an example of the democratization of knowledge, but Malte Herwig in Der Spiegel raised concerns that the virtual monopoly Google has in the search market, combined with Google's hiding of the details of its search algorithms, could undermine this move towards democratization.[2]

Google Scholar (and similar scholarly search services) and Sci-Hub (and similar scholarly shadow libraries) have also been pointed to as examples of democratization of knowledge.[3][4]

Open Library's and HathiTrust's digitization efforts and their use of the controlled digital lending model are also examples of democratization of knowledge.[5]

After the most powerful search engine, Google, and the most viewed encyclopedia, Wikipedia, the most viewed information-based website is the Encyclopædia Britannica.[6]

Role of libraries

An article written in 2005 by the editors of Reference & User Services Quarterly calls the library the greatest force for the democratization of knowledge or information.[7] It continues to say that public libraries in particular are inextricably linked with the history and evolution of the United States, but school library media centers, college and university libraries, and special libraries have all also been influential in their support for democracy.[7] Libraries play an essential role in the democratization of knowledge and information by providing communities with the resources and tools to find information free of charge. Democratic access to knowledge has also been co-opted to mean providing information in a variety of formats, which essentially means electronic and digital formats for use by library patrons.[8] Public libraries help further the democratization of information by guaranteeing freedom of access to information, by providing an unbiased variety of information sources and access to government services, as well as the promotion of democracy and active citizenship.[9]

Dan Cohen, the founding executive director of the Digital Public Library of America, writes that democratic access to knowledge is a profound idea that requires constant tending and revitalization.[8] In 2004, a World Social Forum and International workshop was held entitled "Democratization of Information: Focus on Libraries". The focus of the forum was to bring awareness to the social, technological, and financial challenges facing libraries dealing with the democratization of information. Social challenges included globalization and the digital divide, technological challenges included information sources, and financial challenges constituted shrinking budgets and manpower.[10] Longtime Free Library of Philadelphia director Elliot Shelkrot said that "Democracy depends on an informed population. And where can people get all the information they need? —At the Library."[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Manuel, Castells (1996). The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0631215943. OCLC 43092627.
  2. ↑ Herwig, Malte (28 March 2007). "Google's Total Library: Putting The World's Books on the Web". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 28 January 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  3. ↑ Albagli, Sarita (December 2017). "Open Science as an instrument for the democratization of knowledge". Trabalho, Educação e Saúde. 15 (3): 659–660. doi:10.1590/1981-7746-sol00093. ISSN 1981-7746.
  4. ↑ Admin, Items. "Social Science, Scholarly Knowledge, and the Open". Items. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  5. ↑ EveryLibrary (17 June 2019). "What Controlled Digital Lending does to Make Every Book Available Online". Medium. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  6. ↑ "Top Encyclopedia Sites for Student Research Papers". Study.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  7. 1 2 Wallace, D. P.; Van Fleet, C. (2005). "The Democratization of Information?". Reference & User Services Quarterly. 45 (2): 100–103. JSTOR 20864471.
  8. 1 2 Cohen, D. (2014). "An evolving, essential role for libraries". Knight Foundation. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  9. ↑ Ryynänen, Mirja (n.d.). Democratization of Information: Information Literacy. http://docs.nigd.org/libraries/mumbai/reports/article-10.pdf Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ Kademani, B.S. (2004). Democratization of Information: Focus on Libraries. Rapportuer- General’s Report. http://eprints.rclis.org/5045/1/Rapporteur-General-report-final.pdf Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ Kranich, Nancy (Spring 2001). "Quotes about Libraries and Democracy". American Library Association. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
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