Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
183034,730—
184054,47756.9%
185087,44560.5%
1860140,42460.6%
1870187,74833.7%
1880269,49343.5%
1890391,42245.2%
1900528,54235.0%
1910752,61942.4%
1920968,47028.7%
19301,468,21151.6%
19401,897,41429.2%
19502,771,30546.1%
19604,951,56078.7%
19706,791,41837.2%
19809,746,32443.5%
199012,937,92632.7%
200015,982,37823.5%
201018,801,31017.6%
202021,538,18714.6%
2023 (est.)22,610,7265.0%
U.S. Decennial Census
1830–1970[1] 1980[2] 1990[3]
2000[4] 2010[5] 2020[6] 2023[7]

Florida is the third-most populous state in the United States. Its residents include people from a wide variety of ethnic, racial, national and religious backgrounds. The state has attracted immigrants, particularly from Latin America.[8] Florida's majority ethnic group are European Americans, with approximately 65% of the population identifying as White. National ethnic communities in the state include Cubans, who migrated en masse following the revolution in the mid 20th century. They have been joined by other immigrants from Latin America, and Spanish is spoken by more than 20% of the state's population, with high usage especially in the Miami-Dade County area.

Between the 2010 and 2020 census, the population of the state overall did increase. 50 counties in Florida would experience population growth while 17 counties saw their populations decline. Most of Florida's population lives in urban areas as in the 2020 census, close to 97% of people in Florida resided in metropolitan areas.[9] Florida in the 2022 US Census estimate was the fastest growing state in terms of population and the first time it was the fastest growing since 1957.[10]

Population

With a population getting close to 23 million people according to the 2023 US Census estimates,[7][11] Florida is the most populous state in the Southeastern United States, and the second-most populous state in the South behind Texas. Within the United States, it contains the highest percentage of people over 65 (17.3%), and the 8th fewest people under 18 (21.9%).[12] Florida's population growth primarily comes from those moving to the state. The rate of natural change of births and deaths is "typically flat" and actually had negative natural population change in 2020.[11] The 2022 US Census estimate found the largest age group moving to Florida were those from 60 and 69 years old with the second largest age group being those from 50 to 59 years old.[13]

Population Density per square mile of each Florida Census Tract as of the 2020 United States Census
Florida ancestry map
Florida's metropolitan areas and major cities.

Net domestic migration

Year[14] In-migrants Out-migrants Net migration
2010 482,889 427,853 55,036
2011 498,597 437,202 61,395
2012 537,148 428,325 108,823
2013 529,406 423,995 105,411
2014 546,501 437,516 108,985
2015 584,938 445,320 139,618
2016 605,018 433,452 171,566
2017 566,476 447,586 118,890
2018 587,261 470,977 116,284

Population by county by year

The population for each respective year comes from the decennial United States Census results.

County 2020[9] 2010[9] 2000[9]
Alachua 278,468 247,336 217,955
Baker 28,259 27,115 22,259
Bay 175,216 168,852 148,217
Bradford 28,303 28,520 26,088
Brevard 606,612 543,376 476,230
Broward 1,944,375 1,748,066 1,623,018
Calhoun 13,648 14,625 13,017
Charlotte 186,847 159,978 141,627
Citrus 153,843 141,236 118,085
Clay 218,245 190,865 140,814
Collier 375,752 321,520 251,377
Columbia 69,698 67,531 56,513
DeSoto 33,976 34,862 32,209
Dixie 16,759 16,422 13,827
Duval 995,567 864,263 778,879
Escambia 321,905 297,619 294,410
Flagler 115,378 95,696 49,832
Franklin 12,451 11,549 9,829
Gadsden 43,826 46,389 45,087
Gilchrist 17,864 16,939 14,437
Glades 12,126 12,884 10,576
Gulf 14,192 15,863 14,560
Hamilton 14,004 14,799 13,327
Hardee 25,327 27,731 26,938
Hendry 39,619 39,140 36,210
Hernando 194,515 172,778 130,802
Highlands 101,235 98,786 87,366
Hillsborough 1,459,762 1,229,226 998,948
Holmes 19,653 19,927 18,564
Indian River 159,788 138,028 112,947
Jackson 47,319 49,746 46,755
Jefferson 14,510 14,761 12,902
Lafayette 8,226 8,870 7,022
Lake 383,956 297,047 210,527
Lee 760,822 618,754 440,888
Leon 292,198 275,487 239,452
Levy 42,915 40,801 34,450
Liberty 7,974 8,365 7,021
Madison 17,968 19,224 18,733
Manatee 399,710 322,833 264,002
Marion 375,908 331,303 258,916
Martin 158,431 146,318 126,731
Miami-Dade (Dade) 2,701,767 2,496,457 2,253,779
Monroe 82,874 73,090 79,589
Nassau 90,352 73,314 57,663
Okaloosa 211,668 180,822 170,498
Okeechobee 39,644 39,996 35,910
Orange 1,429,908 1,145,956 896,344
Osceola 388,656 268,685 172,493
Palm Beach 1,492,191 1,320,134 1,131,191
Pasco 561,891 464,697 344,768
Pinellas 959,107 916,542 921,495
Polk 725,046 602,095 483,924
Putnam 73,321 74,364 70,423
St. Johns 273,425 190,039 123,135
St. Lucie 329,226 277,789 192,695
Santa Rosa 188,000 151,372 117,743
Sarasota 434,006 379,448 325,961
Seminole 470,856 422,718 365,199
Sumter 129,752 93,420 53,345
Suwannee 43,474 41,551 34,844
Taylor 21,796 22,570 19,256
Union 16,147 15,535 13,442
Volusia 553,543 494,593 443,343
Wakulla 33,764 30,776 22,863
Walton 75,305 55,043 40,601
Washington 25,318 24,896 20,973
Total 21,538,187 18,801,332 15,982,824

Race/ethnicity

2020 census

According to the 2020 census, the racial distributions are as follows; 51.5% Non-Hispanic White, 26.6% of the population are Hispanics or Latino (of any race), 14.5% African American, 4% Native American, and 2.3% Asian, Oriental and other.

Map of counties in Florida by racial plurality, per the 2020 US Census

2010 census

According to the 2010 census, the racial distributions are as follows; 53.5% Non-Hispanic White, 25.6% of the population are Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 15.2% African American (includes Afro-Caribbeans), 4.5% Native American, 2.0% Asian and others Florida has one of the largest African-American populations in the country, and has the second-highest Latino population on the East Coast outside of New York state. Its ethnic Asian population has grown rapidly since the late 1990s; the majority are Filipinos (163,000), Indians (128,000), Vietnamese (90,000) , ethnic Chinese (81,000). The state has some federally recognized Native American tribes, such as the Seminoles in the southeastern part of the state.[15]

2021 American Community Survey

Racial Makeup of Florida (2021)[16]

  White alone (56.06%)
  Black alone (15.08%)
  Native American alone (0.29%)
  Asian alone (2.85%)
  Pacific Islander alone (0.06%)
  Some other race alone (6.54%)
  Two or more races (19.12%)

Racial/Ethnic Makeup of Florida excluding Hispanics from Racial Categories (2021)[16]
NH=Non-Hispanic

  White NH (51.14%)
  Black NH (14.63%)
  Native American NH (0.09%)
  Asian NH (2.78%)
  Pacific Islander NH (0.05%)
  Some other race NH (0.68%)
  Two or more races NH (3.85%)
  Hispanic Any Race (26.77%)

Racial Makeup of Hispanics in Florida (2021)[16]

  White alone (18.37%)
  Black alone (1.70%)
  Native American alone (0.74%)
  Asian alone (0.25%)
  Pacific Islander alone (0.03%)
  Some other race alone (21.86%)
  Two or more races (57.04%)

According to the 2021 US Census Bureau estimates, Florida's population was 56.1% White (51.1% Non-Hispanic White), 15.1% Black or African American, 2.9% Asian, 0.3% Native American and Alaskan Native, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.5% Some Other Race, and 19.1% from two or more races.[16] The White population continues to remain the largest racial category as a high percentage of Hispanics in Florida identify as White (18.4%) with others identifying as Some Other Race (21.9%), Multiracial (57.0%), Black (1.7%), American Indian and Alaskan Native (0.2%), Asian (0.1%), and Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (0.1%).[16] By ethnicity, 26.8% of the total population is Hispanic-Latino (of any race) and 73.2% is Non-Hispanic (of any race). If treated as a separate category, Hispanics are the largest minority group in Florida.[16]

Historical composition

Historical racial composition 2020[6] 2010[5] 2000[4] 1990[3] 1980[2]
White (non-Hispanic) 51.5% 57.9% 65.4% 73.2% 76.7%
Hispanic or Latino 26.5% 22.5% 16.8% 12.2% 8.8%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 14.5% 15.2% 14.2% 13.1% 13.5%
Asian and Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic) 3.0% 2.4% 1.7% 1.1% 1.0%
Native American (non-Hispanic) 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3%
Other Race (non-Hispanic) 0.6% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1%
Two or more races (non-Hispanic) 3.7% 1.6% 1.5% N/A N/A
Population 21,538,187 18,801,310 15,982,378 12,937,926 9,746,324

Ancestries

Ancestry[17]Number%
Afghan 2,731
Albanian 13,206


Birth data

Note: Births in the table exceed 100% because some Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.

Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother
Race 2013[18] 2014[19] 2015[20] 2016[21] 2017[22] 2018[23] 2019[24] 2020[25] 2021[26]
White: 154,791 (71.8%) 159,035 (72.3%) 162,594 (72.5%) 157,006 (69.8%) 154,504 (69.1%) 157,945 (71.3%) 156,463 (71.1%) 148,661 (70.9%)
Non-hispanic White 98,586 (45.7%) 100,837 (45.8%) 102,549 (45.7%) 99,344 (44.1%) 96,280 (43.1%) 95,868 (43.2%) 93,590 (42.5%) 88,080 (42.0%) 91,223 (42.2%)
Black 52,959 (24.6%) 53,148 (24.1%) 53,699 (23.9%) 48,928 (21.7%) 49,428 (22.1%) 48,174 (21.7%) 47,730 (21.7%) 45,585 (21.7%) 45,710 (21.1%)
Asian 7,265 (3.4%) 7,402 (3.4%) 7,603 (3.4%) 7,178 (3.2%) 7,015 (3.1%) 6,996 (3.2%) 7,069 (3.2%) 6,539 (3.1%) 6,506 (3.0%)
American Indian 392 (0.2%) 406 (0.2%) 373 (0.2%) 237 (0.1%) 429 (0.2%) 413 (0.2%) 400 (0.2%) 229 (0.1%) 227 (0.1%)
Hispanic (of any race) 59,206 (27.5%) 61,849 (28.1%) 64,078 (28.6%) 65,895 (29.3%) 67,049 (30.0%) 67,201 (30.3%) 68,234 (31.0%) 66,156 (31.6%) 69,375 (32.1%)
Total 215,407 (100%) 219,991 (100%) 224,269 (100%) 225,022 (100%) 223,630 (100%) 221,542 (100%) 220,002 (100%) 209,671 (100%) 216,260 (100%)

Languages

As of 2010, 73.36% of Florida residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 19.54% spoke Spanish, 1.84% French Creole (mostly Haitian Creole), 0.60% French and 0.50% Portuguese. In total, 26.64% of Florida's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.[27]

Florida's public education system identified more than 200 first languages other than English spoken in the homes of students.[28] In 1990, the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) settled a class action lawsuit against the state Florida Department of Education with a consent decree that required educators to be trained in teaching English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL).[29]

Article II, Section 9, of the Florida Constitution provides that "English is the official language of the State of Florida." This provision was adopted in 1988 by a vote following an Initiative Petition.

A Miami accent has developed among persons born and/or raised in and around Miami-Dade County and a few other parts of South Florida.[30] It is more prominent among Hispanics (especially Cuban Americans and other Latino groups, influenced by the Spanish language).[31][32]

Top Languages in Florida
LanguagePercent of
population
(2010)[27]
English73.36%
Spanish19.54%
French Creole
(including Haitian and Antillean Creoles)		1.84%
French0.60%
Portuguese0.50%
German0.42%
Tagalog, Vietnamese, Italian (tied)0.31%
Arabic0.22%
Chinese0.20%
Russian0.18%
Polish0.14%

Religion

Religion in Florida (2014)[33]

  Protestantism (46%)
  Roman Catholicism (21%)
  Mormonism (1%)
  Jehovah's Witnesses (1%)
  Other Christian (1%)
  No religion (24%)
  Judaism (3%)
  Other religion (3%)

Florida residents identify as mostly of various Protestant groups. Roman Catholics make up the single largest denomination in the state. Florida residents' current religious affiliations are shown in the table below:[33]

Veterans

There were 1.6 million veterans in Florida in 2010, representing 8% of the total population.[34]

Migration

In 2013, most net migrants come from 1) New York, 2) New Jersey, 3) Pennsylvania, and 4) the Midwestern United States; emigration is higher from these same states. For example, about 50,000 moved to New York; but more than 50,000 people moved from New York to Florida.[35]

References

  1. ↑ "Census Counts: 1830-2020". Florida County Population Census Counts: 1830 to 2020. Office of Economic and Demographic Research, The Florida Legislature. 2023. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  2. 1 2 "General Population Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population" (PDF). 07553445v1chA-Cpt11sec1ch002.pdf. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  3. 1 2 "1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 2" (PDF). Florida: 1990, Part 1. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  4. 1 2 "PL002: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". PL002 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE [73]. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  5. 1 2 "P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". P2 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  6. 1 2 "P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". P2 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  7. 1 2 "US Census Quickfacts, Population Estimates, July 1 2023". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
  8. ↑ "State Population Facts - Florida". npg.org. Archived from the original on March 30, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2008.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Florida Population: Census Summary 2020 (PDF). University of Florida. 2021.
  10. ↑ Perry, Marc; Rogers, Luke; Wilder, Kristie (December 22, 2022). "New Florida Estimates Show Nation's Third-Largest State Reaching Historic Milestone". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
  11. 1 2 Hodgson, Ian (December 28, 2022). "Florida is the fastest-growing state in the nation, Census estimates show". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  12. ↑ Michael B. Sauter; Douglas A. McIntyre (May 10, 2011). "The States With The Oldest And Youngest Residents". wallst.com.
  13. ↑ CBS MIAMI TEAM (December 6, 2023). "Expert on Florida population growth: "It's the highest number it's ever been"". CBS NEWS Miami. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  14. ↑ Bureau, US Census. "State-to-State Migration Flows". Census.gov.
  15. ↑ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Florida". Census Bureau QuickFacts. December 21, 2010. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "B03002 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE - Florida - 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
  17. ↑ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov.
  18. ↑ "Births: Final Data for 2013" (PDF). cdc.gov.
  19. ↑ "Births: Final Data for 2014" (PDF). cdc.gov.
  20. ↑ "Births: Final Data for 2015" (PDF). cdc.gov.
  21. ↑ "Births: Final Data for 2016" (PDF). cdc.gov.
  22. ↑ "Births: Final Data for 2017" (PDF). cdc.gov.
  23. ↑ "Data" (PDF). www.cdc.gov. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
  24. ↑ "Data" (PDF). www.cdc.gov. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  25. ↑ "Natality, 2016-2020 expanded Results Data current as of 2020". Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  26. ↑ "Data" (PDF). www.cdc.gov. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  27. 1 2 "Florida". Modern Language Association. Archived from the original on December 1, 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  28. ↑ MacDonald, Victoria M. (April 2004). "The Status of English Language Learners in Florida: Trends and Prospects" (PDF). Education Policy Research Unit, Arizona State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
  29. ↑ "League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) et al. vs. State Board of Education et al. Consent Decree". United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. August 14, 1990. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
  30. ↑ "'Miami Accent' Takes Speakers By Surprise". Articles - Sun-Sentinel.com. June 13, 2004. Archived from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  31. ↑ "Miami Accents: Why Locals Embrace That Heavy "L" Or Not". WLRN-TV and WLRN-FM. August 27, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  32. ↑ "Miami Accents: How 'Miamah' Turned Into A Different Sort Of Twang". WLRN-TV & WLRN-FM. August 26, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  33. 1 2 "Adults in Florida". Pew Research Center.
  34. ↑ "What each state's veteran population looks like, in 10 maps". The Washington Post. November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  35. ↑ Fishkind, Hank (March 15, 2014). "Harsh winters make Florida attractive for visitors, moves". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 4A. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
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