Dick Allen
Allen, c. 1965
First baseman / Third baseman
Born: (1942-03-08)March 8, 1942
Wampum, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Died: December 7, 2020(2020-12-07) (aged 78)
Wampum, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Batted: Right
Threw: Right
MLB debut
September 3, 1963, for the Philadelphia Phillies
Last MLB appearance
June 19, 1977, for the Oakland Athletics
MLB statistics
Batting average.292
Home runs351
Runs batted in1,119
Teams
Career highlights and awards

Richard Anthony Allen (March 8, 1942 – December 7, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. During his fifteen-year-long Major League Baseball (MLB) career, he played as a first baseman, third baseman, and outfielder, most notably for the Philadelphia Phillies and Chicago White Sox, and was one of baseball's top sluggers of the 1960s and early 1970s.

Allen was named an All-Star seven times. He began his career as a Phillie by being selected 1964 National League (NL) Rookie of the Year and in 1972 was the American League (AL) Most Valuable Player with the Chicago White Sox. He led the AL in home runs twice; the NL in slugging percentage once and the AL twice; and each major league in on-base percentage once apiece. Allen's career .534 slugging percentage was among his era's highest in an age of comparatively modest offensive production.

Allen's brothers played baseball as well. His older brother, Hank, was an outfielder for three AL teams; his younger brother, Ron, briefly played first base for the 1972 St. Louis Cardinals.

Allen has been considered for induction to the Baseball Hall of Fame, most notably in December 2014 and December 2021, for the induction classes of 2015 and 2022. He fell one vote short of election each time, receiving 11 votes from 16-member committees, when 75% (12 votes) is the threshold for election.

Allen was inducted into the Baseball Reliquary's Shrine of the Eternals in 2004.[1] The Philadelphia Phillies retired Allen's uniform number 15 on September 3, 2020.[2]

MLB career

Philadelphia Phillies

Phillies scout John Ogden convinced the Phillies to sign Allen in 1960 for a $70,000 bonus. Ogden had played for the International League Baltimore Orioles from 1919 to 1925, under Jack Dunn, the discoverer of Babe Ruth; Ogden later pitched against Ruth in the American League (AL). Ogden stated in a Philadelphia Bulletin story printed on July 1, 1969, that Allen was the only player he ever saw who hit a ball as hard as Ruth.[3]

Allen faced racial harassment while playing for the Phillies' minor league affiliate in Little Rock; residents sent death threats to Allen, the local team's first black player.[4]

His first full season in the majors, 1964, ranks among the greatest rookie seasons ever.[5] He led the league in runs (125), triples (13), extra base hits (80), and total bases (352); Allen finished in the top five in batting average (.318), slugging average (.557), hits (201), and doubles (38) and won Rookie of the Year. Playing for the first time at third base, he led the league with 41 errors. Along with outfielder Johnny Callison and pitchers Chris Short and Jim Bunning, Allen led the Phillies to a six-and-a-half game hold on first place with 12 games to play in an exceptionally strong National League. The 1964 Phillies then lost ten straight games and finished tied for second place. The Phillies lost the first game of the streak to the Cincinnati Reds when Chico Ruiz stole home with Frank Robinson batting for the game's only run. In Allen's autobiography (written with Tim Whitaker), Crash: The Life and Times of Dick Allen, Allen stated that the play "broke our humps".[6] Despite the Phillies' collapse, Allen hit .438 with 5 doubles, 2 triples, 3 home runs and 11 RBI in those last 12 games.

Allen hit a two-run home run off the Cubs' Larry Jackson on May 29, 1965[7] that cleared the Coke sign on Connie Mack Stadium's left-center field roof. That home run, an estimated 529-footer, inspired Willie Stargell to say: "Now I know why they (the Phillies fans) boo Richie all the time. When he hits a home run, there's no souvenir."[8]

Dick Allen's number 15 was retired by the Philadelphia Phillies in 2020.

While playing for Philadelphia, Allen appeared on several All-Star teams including the 1965–67 teams (in the latter of these three games, he hit a home run off Dean Chance). He led the league in slugging (.632), OPS (1.027) and extra base hits (75) in 1966.[9]

Non-baseball incidents soon marred Allen's Philadelphia career. In July 1965, he got into a fistfight with fellow Phillie Frank Thomas. According to two teammates who witnessed the fight, Thomas swung a bat at Allen, hitting him in the shoulder. Johnny Callison said, "Thomas got himself fired when he swung that bat at Richie. In baseball you don't swing a bat at another player—ever." Pat Corrales confirmed that Thomas hit Allen with a bat and added that Thomas was a "bully" known for making racially divisive remarks. Allen and his teammates were not permitted to give their side of the story under threat of a heavy fine. The Phillies released Thomas the next day. That not only made the fans and local sports writers see Allen as costing a white player his job, but freed Thomas to give his version of the fight.[10] In an hour-long interview aired December 15, 2009, on the MLB Network's Studio 42 with Bob Costas, Allen asserted that he and Thomas had since become good friends.[11]

Allen's name was a source of controversy: he had been known since his youth as "Dick" to family and friends, but the media referred to him upon his arrival in Philadelphia as "Richie".[12] After leaving the Phillies, he asked to be called "Dick", saying Richie was a little boy's name. In his dual career as an R&B singer, the label on his records with the Groovy Grooves firm slated him as "Rich" Allen.[13]

Some Phillies fans, known for being tough on hometown players even in the best of times, exacerbated Allen's problems. Initially the abuse was verbal, with obscenities and racial epithets. Eventually Allen was greeted with showers of fruit, ice, refuse, and even flashlight batteries as he took the field. He began wearing his batting helmet even while playing his position in the field, which gave rise to another nickname, "Crash Helmet", shortened to "Crash".[12]

He almost ended his career in 1967 after mangling his throwing hand by pushing it through a car headlight.[14] Allen was fined $2,500 and suspended indefinitely in 1969 when he failed to appear for the Phillies twi-night doubleheader game with the New York Mets. Allen had gone to New Jersey in the morning to see a horse race, and got caught in traffic trying to return.[15]

St. Louis Cardinals and Los Angeles Dodgers

Allen finally had enough, and demanded the Phillies trade him. They sent him to the Cardinals in a trade before the 1970 season. Even this deal caused controversy, though not of Allen's making, since Cardinals outfielder Curt Flood refused to report to the Phillies as part of the trade. (Flood then sued baseball in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the reserve clause and to be declared a free agent.) Coincidentally, the player the Phillies received as compensation for Flood not reporting, Willie Montañez, hit 30 home runs as a 1971 rookie to eclipse Allen's Phillies rookie home run record of 29, set in 1964.[16] Allen earned another All-Star berth in St. Louis.[9]

Decades before Mark McGwire, Dick Allen entertained the St. Louis fans with some long home runs, at least one of them landing in the seats above the club level in left field. Nevertheless, the Cardinals traded Allen to the Los Angeles Dodgers before the 1971 season for 1969 NL Rookie of the Year Ted Sizemore and young catcher Bob Stinson. Allen had a relatively quiet season in 1971 although he hit .295 for the Dodgers.[9]

Chicago White Sox

Allen was acquired by the White Sox from the Dodgers for Tommy John and Steve Huntz at the Winter Meetings on December 2, 1971.[17] For various reasons, his previous managers had shuffled him around on defense, playing him at first base, third base, and the outfield in no particular order – a practice which almost certainly weakened his defensive play, and which may have contributed to his frequent injuries, not to mention his perceived bad attitude. Sox manager Chuck Tanner's low-key style of handling ballplayers made it possible for Allen to thrive, for a while, on the South Side. Tanner decided to play Allen exclusively at first base, which allowed him to concentrate on hitting. That first year, his first in the American League (AL), Allen almost single-handedly lifted the entire team to second place in the AL West, as he led the league in home runs (37) (setting a team record), RBI (113), walks (99), on-base percentage (.420), slugging percentage (.603), and OPS (1.023), while winning a well-deserved MVP award. However, the Sox fell short at the end and finished 5+1⁄2 games behind the World Series–bound Oakland Athletics.[18]

Allen's feats during his years with the White Sox – particularly in that MVP season of 1972 – are spoken of reverently by South Side fans who credit him with saving the franchise for Chicago (it was rumored to be bound for St. Petersburg or Seattle at the time).[19] His powerful swing sent home runs deep into some of cavernous old Comiskey Park's farthest reaches, including the roof and even the distant (445 feet (136 m)) center field bleachers, a rare feat at one of baseball's most pitcher-friendly stadiums. On July 31, 1972, Allen became the first player in baseball's "modern era" to hit two inside-the-park home runs in one game. Both homers were hit off Bert Blyleven in the White Sox' 8–1 victory over the Minnesota Twins at Metropolitan Stadium. On July 6, 1974, at Detroit's Tiger Stadium, he lined a homer off the roof façade in deep left-center field at a linear distance of approximately 415 feet (126 m) and a height of 85 feet (26 m). Anecdotal and mathematical evidence agreed that Allen's clout would've easily surpassed 500 ft (150 m) on the fly.[20]

The Sox were favored by many to make the playoffs in 1973, but those hopes were dashed due in large measure to the fractured fibula that Allen suffered in June. (He tried to return five weeks after injuring the leg in a collision with Mike Epstein of the California Angels, but the pain ended Allen's season after just one game in which he batted 3-for-5.) In 1974, despite his making the AL All-Star team in each of the three years with the Sox, Allen's stay in Chicago ended in controversy when he left the team on September 14 with two weeks left in the season. In his autobiography, Allen blamed his feud with then second-baseman/Designated hitter Ron Santo, who was playing a final, undistinguished season with the White Sox after leaving the crosstown Chicago Cubs.[21]

With Allen's intention to continue playing baseball uncertain, the White Sox reluctantly sold his contract to the Atlanta Braves for only $5,000, despite the fact that he had led the league in home runs, slugging (.563), and OPS (.938). Allen refused to report to the Braves and announced his retirement.[19]

Return to the Phillies

The Phillies managed to coax Allen out of retirement for the 1975 season. The lay-off and nagging effects of his broken leg in 1973 hampered his play. His numbers improved in 1976, a Phillies division winner, as he hit 15 home runs and batted .268 in 85 games.[9] He continued his tape measure legacy during his second go-round with the Phillies. On August 22, 1975, Allen smashed a homer into the seldom reached upper deck at San Diego Stadium, as the Phillies eventually beat the Padres 6-5.[22]

Oakland Athletics

Allen played in 54 games and hit five home runs with 31 RBI with a .240 batting average during his final season, for the Oakland Athletics in 1977 before leaving the team abruptly in June of that season.[9] His final day as a player was on June 19, playing both games of a doubleheader, against the White Sox. In five total plate appearances, he had two hits, with his final hit being a single in the eighth inning.[23][24]

MLB statistics

Allen's major league stats:[9]

YearsGamesABRunsHits2B3BHRRBISBCSBBSOAVGOBPSLGOPSEFLD%
151,7496,3321,0991,848320793511,119133528941,556.292.378.534.912245.975

Music career

Dick Allen sang professionally in a high, delicate tenor. The tone and texture of his voice has drawn comparisons to Harptones' lead singer Willie Winfield.[25] During Allen's time with the Sixties-era Phillies, he sang lead with a doo-wop group called The Ebonistics. "Rich Allen and The Ebonistics" sang professionally at Philadelphia night clubs. He once entertained during halftime of a Philadelphia 76ers basketball game. The Philadelphia Inquirer printed a review of his performance:

Here came Rich Allen. Flowered shirt. Tie six-inches (152 mm) wide. Hiphugger bell-bottomed pants. A microphone in his hands. Rich Allen, the most booed man in Philadelphia from April to October, when Eagles coach Joe Kuharich takes over, walked out in front of 9,557 people at the Spectrum last night to sing with his group, The Ebonistics, and a most predictable thing happened. He was booed. Two songs later though, a most unpredictable thing happened. They cheered Rich Allen. They cheered him as warmly as they have ever cheered him for a game-winning home run."[26]

Although his music career was not as substantial or long-lasting as that of Milwaukee Braves outfielder Arthur Lee Maye, Allen gained lasting praise for recording a 45 single on the Groovey Grooves label (160-A, "Rich Allen and the Ebonistics") titled "Echo's of November" (misspelled Echoes) which was released in 1968.[27] The song name is featured in the Phillies official hundred-year anniversary video and the novel '64 Intruder.[28] In 2010, Brazilian pop star Ana Volans rerecorded Echoes of November; her rendition sold briskly in Brazil, and the CD's jacket contains a dedication to Dick Allen and his Hall of Fame candidacy).[29]

Hall of Fame candidacy

Background

Sabermetrician Bill James rated Dick Allen as the second-most controversial player in baseball history, behind Rogers Hornsby.[30] James called Allen's autobiography, Crash, "one of the best baseball books in recent years."[31] Allen had the highest slugging percentage among players eligible for but not in the National Baseball Hall of Fame until Albert Belle became eligible in 2006.[32]

Barra wrote that a "growing body of baseball historians think that Dick Allen is the best player eligible for the Hall of Fame."[33] The arguments usually center around his very high career averages, batting (.292), slugging (.534), and on-base (.378). They also state that he began his career during the mid-1960s, a period so dominated by pitchers that it is sometimes called the "second dead ball era."[34] Of the major league batters with 500 or more career home runs whose play intersected Dick Allen's career at the beginning or end, only Mickey Mantle's lifetime OPS+ of 172 topped Dick Allen's lifetime 156 OPS+.[35] Allen also played some of his career in pitcher-friendly parks such as Busch Memorial Stadium, Dodger Stadium, and Comiskey Park.[36]

In addition to hitting for high offensive percentages, Allen displayed prodigious power. Before scientific weight training, muscle-building dietary supplements, and anabolic steroids, Allen boasted a muscular physique along the lines of Mickey Mantle and Jimmie Foxx. Baseball historian Bill Jenkinson ranks Allen with Foxx and Mantle, and just a notch below Babe Ruth, as the four top long-distance sluggers ever to wield a baseball bat.[37] A segment of MLB Network's Prime 9 concurred with Jenkinson's findings. On that same broadcast, Willie Mays stated that Allen hit a ball harder than any player he had ever seen.[38] Dick Allen, like Babe Ruth, hit with a rather heavy bat. Allen's 40-ounce bat bucked the Ted Williams-inspired trend of using a light bat for increased bat speed. Allen combined massive strength and body torque to produce bat speed and drive the ball. Two of his drives cleared Connie Mack Stadium's 65-foot-high left-field grandstand.[37] Allen also cleared that park's 65-foot-high right-center field scoreboard twice, a feat considered virtually impossible for a right-handed hitter.[37]

Detractors of Allen's Hall of Fame credentials argue that his career was not as long as most Hall of Famers, and therefore lacked the career cumulative numbers that others do. They further argue that the controversies surrounding him negatively impacted his teams.[39]

Hall of Fame player Willie Stargell countered with a historical perspective of Dick Allen's time: "Dick Allen played the game in the most conservative era in baseball history. It was a time of change and protest in the country, and baseball reacted against all that. They saw it as a threat to the game. The sportswriters were reactionary too. They didn't like seeing a man of such extraordinary skills doing it his way. It made them nervous. Dick Allen was ahead of his time. His views and way of doing things would go unnoticed today. If I had been manager of the Phillies back when he was playing, I would have found a way to make Dick Allen comfortable. I would have told him to blow off the writers. It was my observation that when Dick Allen was comfortable, balls left the park."[40]

The two managers for whom Allen played the longest – Gene Mauch of the Phillies, and Chuck Tanner of the White Sox – agreed with Willie Stargell that Allen was not a "clubhouse lawyer" who harmed team chemistry. Asked if Allen's behavior ever had a negative influence on the team, Mauch said, "Never. Dick's teammates always liked him. I'd take him in a minute."[33] According to Tanner, "Dick was the leader of our team, the captain, the manager on the field. He took care of the young kids, took them under his wing. And he played every game as if it was his last day on earth."[41]

Hall of Fame player Orlando Cepeda agreed, saying to author Tim Whitaker, "Dick Allen played with fire in his eyes."[42]

Hall of Fame teammate Goose Gossage also confirmed Tanner's view. In an interview with USA TODAY Sports, Gossage said: "I've been around the game a long time, and he's the greatest player I've ever seen play in my life. He had the most amazing season (1972) I've ever seen. He's the smartest baseball man I've ever been around in my life. He taught me how to pitch from a hitter's perspective, and taught me how to play the game right. There's no telling the numbers this guy could have put up if all he worried about was stats. The guy belongs in the Hall of Fame."[43]

Another of Allen's ex-White Sox teammates, pitcher Stan Bahnsen, said, "I actually thought that Dick was better than his stats. Every time we needed a clutch hit, he got it. He got along great with his teammates and he was very knowledgeable about the game. He was the ultimate team guy."[44]

Another Hall of Fame teammate, Mike Schmidt, credited Dick Allen in his book, Clearing the Bases, as his mentor.[45] In Schmidt's biography, written by historian William C. Kashatus, Schmidt fondly recalls Allen mentoring him before a game in Chicago in 1976, saying to him, "Mike, you've got to relax. You've got to have some fun. Remember when you were just a kid and you'd skip supper to play ball? You were having fun. Hey, with all the talent you've got, baseball ought to be fun. Enjoy it. Be a kid again." Schmidt responded by hitting four home runs in the game. Schmidt is quoted in the same book, "The baseball writers used to claim that Dick would divide the clubhouse along racial lines. That was a lie. The truth is that Dick never divided any clubhouse."[46]

BBWAA consideration

Allen was included in 1983 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting for consideration by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). He received 14 votes out of the 374 ballots cast (3.7%).[47] He was not on the 1984 ballot, but returned in 1985 and remained on the ballot until 1997. He never received more than 18.9% of the vote (75% is required for election).

Committee consideration

In 2010, the Baseball Hall of Fame established a Golden Era Committee (one of several new committees replacing the prior Veterans Committee), to vote on the possible Hall of Fame induction of previously overlooked candidates who played between 1947 and 1972. Beginning in December 2011, this 16-member committee voted every three years on 10 nominated candidates from the era, selected by the BBWAA's Historical Overview Committee. Allen was first considered in December 2014 (for the class of 2015).[48] Allen and former outfielder Tony Oliva both fell one vote short of the 12 required votes, as no one was elected by the committee.[49][50]

In 2016, the Golden Era Committee was replaced by the Golden Days Committee (1950–1969) to vote on 10 candidates beginning in December 2020 (for the class of 2021).[51] In August 2020, the Hall of Fame rescheduled the committee's first winter meeting voting to December 2021 (for the class of 2022), due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[51][52] On December 5, 2021, results of Golden Days Committee voting was released; Allen again fell one vote short of election, garnering 11 votes from the 16-member committee and proponents for his election will have to wait until December 2026.[53]

Death

Allen died at his home in Wampum, Pennsylvania, on December 7, 2020, at age 78.[54][55][56]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Shrine of the Eternals – Inductees". Baseball Reliquary. www.baseballreliquary.org. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  2. ↑ Mark Feinsand (September 3, 2020). "Long time coming: Phils retire Allen's No. 15". Major League Baseball. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  3. ↑ Baseball's Ultimate Power, Bill Jenkinson, Lyons Press, 2010, pg 165
  4. ↑ "DICK ALLEN DIES AT 78, STILL ABSENT FROM THE HALL OF FAME". September 2021.
  5. ↑ Swaine, Rick (1998). "The Ill-Fated Rookie Class of 1964". rickswaine.com. Vol. 27. Rick Swaine. Archived from the original on June 24, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  6. ↑ Allen, Dick, and Whitaker, Tim. Crash: The Life and Times of Dick Allen (Ticknor & Fields, 1989), p. 55
  7. ↑ "Chicago Cubs at Philadelphia Phillies Box Score, May 29, 1965". Baseball-Reference.com.
  8. ↑ "Willie Stargell Quotes". baseball-almanac.com. Baseball Almanac. January 1975. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Dick Allen stats". baseball-reference.com. Baseball Reference. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  10. ↑ Wright, Craig R.: "Dick Allen: Another View", SABR's Baseball Research Journal vol. 24, 1995, republished with permission at White Sox Interactive.
  11. ↑ MLB Network's "Studio 42 with Bob Costas", hour-long interview with Dick Allen first aired December 15, 2009.
  12. 1 2 Cody Swartz (April 28, 2009). "Dick Allen: What Could Have Been". Bleacher Report. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  13. ↑ Rich Allen & The Ebonistics "Echoes Of November," Groovy Grooves, 1968.
  14. ↑ Jay Jaffe (July 26, 2017). "The Cooperstown Casebook: Case Study: Dick Allen". Baseball Prospectus. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  15. ↑ "Today in Baseball History June 24th". nationalpastime.com. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  16. ↑ Schlegel, John. "Powerful starts: Greatest homer tallies by rookies," Major League Baseball.com (July 11, 2014).
  17. ↑ Durso, Joseph. "White Sox Add Bahnsen, Ship McKinney to Yanks," The New York Times, Friday, December 3, 1971. Retrieved December 4, 2021
  18. ↑ "1972 AL Team Statistics". baseball-reference.com. Baseball Reference. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  19. 1 2 Paul Sullivan; Paul Skrbina (December 7, 2020). "Dick Allen, the Chicago White Sox legend who won American League MVP honors in 1972, dies at 78". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  20. ↑ Jenkinson, Bill: The Year Babe Ruth Hit 104 Homeruns, Carrol and Graf, 2007
  21. ↑ Allen & Whitaker, Crash, pp. 148–151.
  22. ↑ "Philadelphia Phillies at San Diego Padres Box Score, August 22, 1975". Baseball-Reference.com.
  23. ↑ "Dick Allen 1977 Batting Game Logs". Baseball-Reference.com.
  24. ↑ "Oakland Athletics at Chicago White Sox Box Score, June 19, 1977". Baseball-Reference.com.
  25. ↑ http://www.wogl.cbslocal.com Archived March 31, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  26. ↑ Michael Clair (December 7, 2020). "Allen was one of the coolest to ever play". Major League Baseball. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  27. ↑ Dosage Magazine, 2020
  28. ↑ Gregory T. Glading/'64 Intruder/University Editions/1995
  29. ↑ Ana Volans official website. Archived May 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ James, Bill (2001). The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract. Free Press. p. 438. ISBN 9780684806976.
  31. ↑ [Bill James/The New Bill James historical Abstract/page 578/Free Press/2001]
  32. ↑ "Career Leaders & Records for Slugging %". baseball-reference.com. Baseball Reference. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  33. 1 2 Barra, Allen (July 28, 2005). "The Best Player Eligible for the Hall of Fame". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
  34. ↑ [James Bill, The New Bill James Historical Abstract/page 249/Free Press/2001]
  35. ↑ "Career Leaders & Records for On-Base Plus Slugging". baseball-reference.com. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  36. ↑ Kashatus, William C. "Why Dick Allen Never Reached the Hall," Archived August 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine History News Service (August 8, 2005).
  37. 1 2 3 Jenkinson, Bill (2007). The Year Babe Ruth Hit 104 Home Runs. Carrol and Graf.
  38. ↑ Prime 9 (MLB Network, February 7, 2011).
  39. ↑ McLaughlin, Dan. "BASEBALL: Canseco and the Dick Allen Problem," Baseball Crank (May 14, 2002).
  40. ↑ Crash. The Life and Times of Dick Allen/Whitaker/Ticknor and Fields/1989/pg 185
  41. ↑ Wright, Craig R. "Dick Allen: Another View", originally published in SABR Magazine, now archived at White Sox Interactive. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
  42. ↑ The Life and Times of Dick Allen/Tim Whataker/Ticknor and Fields/1989/pg 186
  43. ↑ Nightengale, Bob. "Dick Allen's hard road may take Hall of Fame turn". USA Today.
  44. ↑ Liptak, Mark. "Flashing Back.... with Stan Bahnsen," White Sox Interactive. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  45. ↑ Schmidt, Mike and Waggoner, Glen. Clearing the Bases (HarperCollins, 2009).
  46. ↑ Kashatus, William C. Mike Schmidt: Philadelphia's Hall of Fame Third Baseman (McFarland & Co., Inc., 1999).
  47. ↑ "BBWAA Results by Year – 1983". baseballhall.org. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011 – via Wayback Machine.
  48. ↑ "Golden Era Committee Candidates Announced". baseballhall.org. Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
  49. ↑ "All 10 baseball Hall candidates fall short - SFGate". www.sfgate.com. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014.
  50. ↑ "Golden Era Committee Announces Result". baseballhall.org. December 2014.
  51. 1 2 "Hall of Stats: Upcoming Elections". hallofstats.com. Hall of Stats. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
  52. ↑ "Era Committee elections rescheduled to 2021". MLB.com. August 24, 2020.
  53. ↑ "Fowler, Hodges, Kaat, Miñoso, Oliva, O'Neil Elected to Hall of Fame". baseballhall.org. December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  54. ↑ "Former MVP, Rookie of the Year Dick Allen Dies at 78". Sports Illustrated. December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  55. ↑ Breen, Matt (December 7, 2020). "Phillies legend Dick Allen dies at 78". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  56. ↑ Van Schouwen, Daryl (December 7, 2020). "Former White Sox great Dick Allen dies at age 78". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020.

Further reading

Articles

Books

  • Kashatus, William C. (2004). September Swoon: Richie Allen, the 1964 Phillies and Racial Integration. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Kashatus, William C. (2017). Dick Allen: The Life and Times of A Baseball Immortal, An Illustrated Biography. Lancaster, PA: Schiffer Books.
  • Nathanson, Mitchell (2016). God Almighty Hisself: The Life and Legacy of Dick Allen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
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