Dorothea Binz | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 16 March 1920 |
| Died | 2 May 1947 (aged 27) |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation | Supervisor at Ravensbrück concentration camp |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Motive | Nazism Sadism |
| Conviction(s) | War crimes |
| Trial | Hamburg Ravensbrück trials |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
Dorothea Binz (16 March 1920 – 2 May 1947)[1] was a Nazi German officer and supervisor at Ravensbrück concentration camp during the Holocaust. She was executed for war crimes on May 2, 1947.
Early Life
Born to a lower middle-class German family in Försterei Dusterlake, Brandenburg, Germany, Binz attended school until she was 15.
Atrocities at Ravensbrück concentration camp
She volunteered for kitchen work at Ravensbrück in August 1939, and was given a position of Aufseherin (female overseer) the following month.[2]
Binz served as an Aufseherin under Oberaufseherin Emma Zimmer, Johanna Langefeld, Maria Mandl, and Anna Klein. Though she worked under higher-ranking guards, Binz was known as "the true star of the camp", and the "chief guard was completely overshadowed by her deputy."[3] She worked in various parts of the camp, including the kitchen and laundry. Later, she is said to have supervised the bunker where prisoners were tortured and killed. She began as deputy director of her penal block in September 1940, and became director of the cell block in the summer of 1942.[4]
Binz was unofficially promoted to Stellvertretende Oberaufseherin (Deputy Chief Wardress) in July 1943; the promotion was made official in February 1944.[4] Her abuse was later described as "unyielding". She was known to "watch for the weakest or most fearful prisoners, whom she would then shower with lashes or blows."[3] As a member of the command staff between 1943 and 1945, she directed training and assigned duties to over 100 female guards at one time. Binz reportedly trained some of the cruelest female guards in the system, including Ruth Closius.[5]
At Ravensbrück, the young Binz is said to have beaten, slapped, kicked, shot, whipped, stomped and abused prisoners continuously. Witnesses testified that when she appeared at the Appellplatz, "silence fell." She reportedly carried a whip in hand, along with a leashed German Shepherd, and at a moment's notice would kick prisoners to death or select them to be killed. She reportedly had a boyfriend in the camp, an SS officer, Edmund Bräuning. The couple reportedly went on romantic walks around the camp to watch prisoners being flogged, after which they would stroll away laughing. They lived together in a house outside the camp walls until late 1944, when Bräuning was transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp.[5]
Capture and execution
Binz fled Ravensbrück during the death march, but was captured on 3 May 1945 by the British in Hamburg, and incarcerated in the Recklinghausen camp (formerly a Buchenwald subcamp). She was tried for war crimes with other SS personnel by a British court in the Ravensbrück trial in 1947. Binz was found guilty and sentenced to death. Hours after her death sentence was confirmed in April 1947, Binz attempted to kill herself by slashing her wrists. However, officials intervened before she could bleed to death.[6] Binz was subsequently hanged at Hamelin Prison by British executioner Albert Pierrepoint on May 2, 1947.[5]
References
- ↑ Patrick., Brown, Daniel (2002). The camp women : the female auxiliaries who assisted the SS in running the Nazi concentration camp system. Mazal Holocaust Collection. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 9780764314445. OCLC 48967065.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Women and Nazis: Perpetrators of Genocide and Other Crimes During Hitler's Regime, 1933-1945, Wendy Adele-Marie Sarti, Academia Press, Palo Alto Ca, 2011. ISBN 978-1-936320-11-0
- 1 2 Tillion, Germaine (1988). Ravensbrück. Paris. p. 139.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - 1 2 Erpel, Simone (2007). "Im Gefolge der SS": Aufseherinnen des Frauen-Konzentrationslagers Ravensbrück. Berlin. pp. 59–71.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - 1 2 3 Gibson, Tyler (6 April 2017). Irma Grese - "The Beast of Belsen" & Other Twisted Female Guards of Concentration Camps. Lulu Press, Inc. ISBN 9781365237997.
- ↑ "Flucht in den Tod". Der Spiegel (in German). 18 April 1947. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
Sources
Information in this article comes from the following sources:
- Adele, Wendy & Sarti, Marie. Women and Nazis: Perpetrators of Genocide and Other Crimes During Hitler's Regime, 1933-1945. Academia Press, Palo Alto CA, 2011. ISBN 978-1936320
- Erpel, Simone. "Im Gefolge der SS": Aufseherinnen des Frauen-Konzentrationslagers Ravensbrück. Berlin, 2007.