A colorful triangular kite against a blue sky
Colorful delta-wing kite...

Kites are tethered flying objects which fly by using aerodynamic lift, requiring wind (or towing) for generation of airflow over the lifting surfaces.

Various types of kites exist,[1] depending on features such as material, shape, use, or operating skills,Wind required. Kites may fly in air, water, or other fluids such as gas and other liquid gaining lift through deflection of the supporting medium. Variations in design of tethering systems and lifting surfaces are regularly introduced, with lifting surfaces varying in stiffness from limp sheet material to fully solid material.[2][3]

Manufacture

Kites may be built by the flier or by a dedicated kite manufacturer, which may be a member of the Kite Trade Association International (KTAI), which also includes kite retailers.[4]

Materials

Kites have been made from the following materials:

Wing character

  • Monoplane
  • Flexible sail
  • Stiffened flexible sail
  • Rigid wing
  • Biplane
  • Multiplane
  • Low-aspect-ratio[8] – wings that have a narrow chord (length from front edge to rear edge), compared with their span
  • High-aspect-ratio – wings that have a wide chord, compared with their span
  • Ram-air inflated
  • Closed bladder, gas-inflated[9][10][11]
  • Rotating wing – also known as rotor kite or gyroglider (e.g. Focke Achgelis Fa 330)[12]
Multiple unit kites
A multiple unit kite may be made of a single wing, several wings, or several sub-kite units[13] arranged as trains, chains, coterie, single-branching, multiple-branching, arch-kite, "ladder" mill dynamic kite-chain, or combinations of these patterns.[14] World records for the number of kites in a kite train are in the literature; teams of people are used to fly kites of high-count sub-kite units.[15][16][17][18][19] Parafoil stacks have been built with over 200 kite units.[20]
Multiple pilots
Large kite systems may require more than one pilot. In a team like the "Flying Squad" of nine kite pilots each person might fly his own sub-kite while, as a team, its kites form a unified display.[21] One pilot may simultaneously fly several kites; the pilot with several kites forms one kite system of two, three or more kites in the system.[22][23]

Buoyancy

Kites are normally heavier than their supporting medium, such as a kite flown in air. Some kites have their lift augmented by lighter than air gases, allowing the kite to remain airborne without wind or being towed.[24]

Hydro dynamic kites can have positive, neutral or negative buoyancy, relying on hydrodynamic lift to manoeuvre, rise, or dive.[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]

Control

Kites can be controlled by various methods which usually involve manipulation of the tether/control lines, lifting gas density control and in some cases by aero-dynamic control surfaces.[32][33][34]

Stability

Kites can have positive, neutral or negative stability, in all axes of control, in the same fashion as aircraft. Kites with positive stability tend to return to a stable state automatically, whereas those with neutral or negative stability require control inputs to return the kite to the required position or attitude.[35][36][37][38][39]

Legality

Kite vendor in India

Kite flying has been enjoyed for thousands of years in South Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The goal is to cut off the rival kite (usually flown by someone on a neighbouring rooftop). In order to cut the "enemy's" kite line, a very strong fishing line, prepared with glue and powdered glass covers some length of the kite line or wire. The kites themselves are usually of a standard size and shape (square shape) and mostly made from paper and split bamboo. After a kite is cut down, it has to be recovered by the cutting party. The last flying kite wins the game. The government of Pakistan has repeatedly outlawed this sport.[40] It claimed that some people had been decapitated by driving with their scooters or motorbikes across abandoned glass powder & glue prepared kite wire.[41] Others have fallen off roofs while engaging in kite flying. Other reasons that were given was that the mass sport and its associated festivals of Basant are considered "unislamic" and connected to Hinduism. Kite flying was also banned in Afghanistan during the reign of the Taliban.[42] However, large sections of society simply ignore the ban. Since there was outrage over the ban, the government of Punjab has lifted the ban, however a ban on powdered glass wire has been imposed, as well as the thickness of the wire itself.[43]

Glossary of kite types

[44][45]

A

Advertising kites
These kites hold advertisements, logos of organizations, slogans for causes. Orders of mass-produced kites imprinted with an advertisement form a significant part of kite commerce.[46][47][48]
Aerial photography platform kites
[49]
Airplane kites
[50][51][52][53][54] Large kite planes are finding an application in renewable energy generation.
Arc Kite
designed by Peter Lynn[55]
Arch kite/multiple-kite arch
in this design, one or more lines holds many kites in an arch: a rotary two-anchor rainbow arch and/or a static two-anchor rainbow arch. If the kites making up the arch kite rotate using the Magnus effect the term also applied is rainbow kite or just bow kite or kite bow or "sky bow" or SkyBow; one form of the rotating arch or rainbow kite is the ribbon kite (in one or multiple segments). Swivels in the line are important. Distinguish between a long arching collection of kites in a bow, or a rainbow pattern from a power kite called a bow kite.[56][57][58]
Aqua-glider
These various-formed manned kites were kited behind tow boats over water.[59] Air Force Lt. Col. Bill Skliar in 1959 designed a biplane kite glider nicknamed Bayou Bird.[60][61] In 1961, Tom H. Purcell designed and flew an aluminum-framed Fleep-like Rogallo hang glider kite over land; in 1962, he kited the same wing (but pontooned) while over water. His effort was imaged and noted in Skysurfer Magazine in its May/June issue of 1973, published by EAA inductee Michael Markowski, author of Hang Glider's Bible. The 1962 Mike Burns SkiPlane and 1963 Dickenson wings closely matched the Purcell, Barry Hill Palmer, and the Charles Richard NASA Paresev 1B wing; minor control sticks derived from the triangle control frame were used in each of these kites (which sometimes glided). These kites, towed high, could stop their kiting and release into a glide. See section "B" for boats that have a major operating sector as a kite (for example, a 1930 Peel Glider Boat).
Archimedes screw kite
These kinetic rotary kites mimic the Archimedean screw.[62]
Arch kites
a single kite with an arch form,[63][64][65][66] multiple arches,[67] or an arch top[68]
Art kites
Video kites, kites on photographs, fine-art illustrations containing kite images, paintings, sculptures, flight-simulator images of kites, engineering drawings, sewing plans, drawings of kite plans, story illustrations in children's books, patent drawings.[69] A Genevieve Lytton graphic card illustrated a fancy-dress-ball costume involving a hexagon kite with tail and string reel.[70]
Asymmetrical kites
Good kite design and construction practice includes the aim of having the left and right sides of the kite's wing be mirror images of each other, for balance. A collection of builders are exploring asymmetrical designs, which involve special challenges.[71]
Autogyro kites
(gyro kite, heli-kite, helicopter kite) use unpowered autorotation

B

Drawing of kite balloon for patent dated 15 April 1944
15 April 1944 kite balloon
Bag kites
Made from single or multiple bags.[72] Some use paper bags, others plastic. Bags simply as a source of material is a trivial use; other bag kites retain much of the form of the bag.[73][74]
Balloon kites
Applies to both lighter- and heavier-than-air kite types. The lighter-than-air balloon kite is the kytoon, which is aloft whether or not the wind blows. When the kytoon is not kiting, it floats aloft as a pure balloon; when it is kiting, it is a true kite. Kytoons are used to loft radio antennas, rescue signals, and kite-line laundry.[75]
Balloon kite with "ballooning" spiderlings
Not a mechanical balloon, but a collection of spider-silk threads used for dispersal of spiders.[76][77][78] Richard Miller, in his 1967 book Without Visible Means of Support,[79] described the mechanics of the double-kite system where the upper kite lifts and drags, coupled with the lower kite that lifts downwards and drags; the common kiteline results in a kiting system in free flight. In the chapter, "Flying Kites", he writes that in the nineteenth century Hiram Stevens Maxim observed the kiting of spiders; biologists continue to use the misleading term, "ballooning". Bug-hunter Darrell Ubick correctly recognized that ballooning spiders actually are kiting, as noted by Pamela S. Turner in "Super-Powered Spiders".[80] In Tales with Tails: Storytelling the Wonders of the Natural World, Kevin Strauss demonstrates in three places (pages 184, and 185 and 187) his understanding of the "kiting" of the "ballooning" spider (since no true balloon is ever made).[81] Three staffers of the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board in Are Cobwebs Made By Spiders? recognized the kiting of ballooning spiders.[82] A pest-control company has studied spiders and asserts it is kiting that is done by instars (spiderlings), even though the historical term is ballooning.[83] The Rare Species Conservatory affirms that ballooning spiders actually do not balloon, but kite.[84]
Barish sailwing
[85][86]
Barn Door Kites

Barn door kites are very similar to an eddy kite except that barndoor have two vertical diagonal spars in contrast to the diamond's single vertical spar.

Beginner kites
Kites of this type are separated by sellers, makers, and leaders.[87][88][89]
Bell kites
Developed by Alexander Graham Bell[90][91]
Bermuda kite
Traditional Bermudian kites flown at Easter; world-record holders for altitude and flight duration
Biplane kites
Bird kites
Abstract or realistic-looking bird kites, dynamic bird kites, bird art on kite faces[92]
Boat kites
A 1930 Peel Glider Boat was kited on a 1000-foot line, and would get about three miles of air-gliding distance after releasing its kite line.[93] Many contemporary inflated boats being kited begin and end their kited session as towed boats.[94]
Bowed kite
This term has several meanings: a class of parafoil kite, an early British bowing-top-edge-sparred kite, and the rotating-ribbon rainbow-like two-anchor one-line arch kite. Distinguished from Sky Bow or rotating-ribbon kites and arch-bow stick kites
Box kite
[95]
Box Delta kites
Butterfly kites
This type occurs at several levels: art, applique, and realistic motion.[96][97]

C

C-kites
Cambodian kites
The Kleng Ek kite,[98] a Cambodian musical kite, is often flown at night; there is also a Cambodian pocket kite. Bamboo is very common for Cambodian kites.[99] To recapture the early Cambodian kites, a book (Khmer Kites) has been published.[100]
Candle kites
Cantonese kites
Cayley kite
reproductions of Sir George Cayleys kites[101][102]
Cellular kites
Chapi-chapi
A type of kite popular in the Philippines, usually constructed from old broomsticks and newspapers.
Cheap kites
[103] Available in several sectors: the home builder aiming to build kites from handy materials (even trash), and the commercial sector that aims to have some kites at low prices to attract customers[104][105]
Chemiluminescence kites
[106]
Chinese kites
From Beijing, Weifang, Tianjing, Nantong, Jiangnan and Taiwan.[107]
Circle kites
Circular kites, circle disk kites, disk kites, EPS-plate kites (see "Cup kites" below), paper-plate kites[108]
Cody kites
War kites designed by Samuel Franklin Cody (1867–1913)[109][110]
Conyne kites
[111]
Cooperative kites
are kites made by more than one person with significant contributions by each person in the cooperation effort.[112]
Cube kites
(one or more)
Cup kites
Kites made mostly of cups, often paper or expanded polystyrene (EPS)
Cursor kites
Internet-age cursor images flown give a contemporary look to the sky.[113][114][115][116]

D

Davies kites
Single diamond colourful kites favoured in the UK
Della porta kites
This is a single-line kite which is usually square or a rectangle which contains two spars diagonally crossed.
Delta or Delta-wing kites
Single-line, dual-line stunt kites;[117] deltas with a triangular box are a variant[118]
Diamond kites
(see "Eddy kites" below)[119] Diamond types appear from mini to very large, and from low-cost beginner utility to high-quality, state-of-the-art target-control diamonds.[120][121][122]
Display kites
A class of kites "for display" has come into being for festivals, shows, library exhibitions, museum exhibitions and other events.[123][124][125][126]
Disposable kites
In kite fishing, disposable kites are used.[127] In Philippine kite fighting, the object is to destroy the opponent's kite body directly.[128]
Duryea kite reproductions
(Charles Duryea)[101]
Dopero or Double Pearson Roller Kites
Double-kite systems
Two coupled kites, but confined; or two coupled kites in free flight in the same (air-only or water-only, for example) or different media (air and water, for example).[129] An example is kite-surfing with a board as a hybrid water kite, coupled with a power air kite. Without Visible Means of Support by Richard Miller (1967) details two coupled air kites, with the upper kite in the jet stream and the lower kite below the jet stream. Two (or more) kites, kite-lined to one anchor, one mooring or one kite operator, are included here. Two kites (or more) communicating with each other for a purpose are coupled.
Dragon kites
Two categories: those mimicking the figure of a dragon in a decoration or figure kite, and those of a series of kites in a train or stack.[130][131][132][133][134]

E

Eddy kite or diamond kites
[135][136][137][138]
Edo kites
Rectangular traditional Tokyo kite. (Edo was an old name for Tokyo.)[139][140]
Electricity-generating kites
There are hydro kites and air kites specifically designed to generate electricity as their dominant purpose. Also, there are kites that have electricity generation as a secondary arrangement.[28][141][142][143]
Exotic kites
do not fit other categories.

F

Fast kites
Two definitions: a) kites that move fast (high-speed kites), and b) kites that can be made from scratch in a fast or quick manner (see "Q" for Quick kites). Some fighter and sport kites are built so that they can move very fast under control. Speed records are reported. Kite surfers appreciate power kites with high speed. Kites in other media like water, soil, or plasma have speeds specific to their conditions. Speed is relative to the activity and purpose. Kite-fishing requires speed.[144]
Feather kites
[145][146][147]
Fighter kite
[148][149]
Figure kites
(mimic shape and appearance of animals, insects, people, objects, products)[150][151]
First kites
The first of a type. Invention kite.[152]
Fishing kites
[153][154] Some believe that there is no better way to present bait to fish than with a fishing kite[155]
Flat kites
[156]
Flexible-wing kites
with variable amounts of stiffening by spars and rigid parts
Flexikites
and its reproductions[157]
Flexifoil
(original and then company kites different from original).
Foil
or parafoil kite
Funny kites
These kites evoke laughter.[158]

G

Gallaudet kites
Gallaudet Hydrokites:<Yale professor was told not to experiment with aeronautics. However his biplane kite with tail involved wing warping prior to the Wright brothers use of such control means.[159] Edson Gallaudet formed the Gallaudet Engineering company with his brother and then Gallaudet Aircraft Company (GAC), earliest precursor to the company General Dynamics. The Gallaudet Hydrokite was the beginning of a seaplane interest of the GAC.
Garbasail[160][161]
Geometric kite[162][163]
Genki kite[164][165][166]
Giant kites[167][168][169]
Gibson Girl
was a type of cellular kite for radio antenna raising from rescue raft.[170]
Glider kites
Manned and unmanned aircraft intended primarily for gliding are frequently tested and flown as kites under tow from ground or water vehicles or animals, machines, or other people. Some glider kites released to free-flight gliding may or may not be free-flight kites, depending on how payload may (or may not) be tugging the glider's wing through a tow line set. Primary manned gliders, kited, are glider kites when being kited; when released to glide, these are not kites. Conversely, the hang-lined hang glider pilot may be kited up in his or her aircraft but when released to free-flight, such aircraft remains a gliding kite or kite glider. The Martin Glider was kited by many different means.[171]
Gyrocopter or helicopter kites
(see autogyro)

H

Hang glider
Usually manned. Many hang gliders are true kites; hang gliders that are not true kites are not covered here. Ed Grauel includes hang gliders in his typing of kites.[172][173]
Hang glider kites that are unmanned
Unmanned kites as mimics of manned hang gliders (kites or not).
Hargrave kites
(Lawrence Hargrave)[174]
1894 kite demonstration at Stanwell Park, Australia
Lawrence Hargrave (seated) and Swain demonstrate the manlift kites (labelled A, B, D, & E), sling seat and spring balance in the parkland behind Stanwell Park beach, November 1894
Helikites
A aerodynamically sound kite-balloon combination filled with helium. Designed and patented in the UK and USA by Sandy Allsopp in 1993, the Helikite is a true kite, yet lighter-than air for staying aloft when kiting is insufficient for flight. Helikites can cope with a very large wind range from 0 to 60 mph, possibly the largest wind range of any kite. So they are useful where there is an absolute need for flight such as professional uses. Helikites are used for photography, scientific atmospheric monitoring, military surveillance, radio-relay, surveying, oceanic uses, bird control and antenna-lifting.
Hexagonal kites
[175][176][177][178][179] US 51860 patent was for a hexagonal kite by T. Perrins, granted 2 January 1866. A Birt kite may have preempted, in fact, the same kite. Ed Grauel opines that the Birt kite at the Kew Observatory preempted the Perrins kite; he noted that the same kite later became known as the barndoor or house kite. .[172]
High aspect ratio kites
Tow-launched hobby unmanned sailplanes are true kites during high-start kited launches;[180] they may hold the record for single-line single-anchor high aspect ratio kites made by humans. However, the rotating ribbon single-line double-anchored Skybow kite (rotating ribbon arch kite of two anchors) that sits in the sky nearly as a rainbow is a kite with extreme aspect ratio.[181] A different non-rotating ribbon kite by Anders Ansar follows the Barish sailwing concept to the extreme; Ansar suggests more than two anchor points. He also explains how two sailors holding a ribbon kite, e g on ice wearing ice skates, can sail straight upwind or straight down wind, the latter faster than the wind.[182]
Historical kites
Historical kites are builds that aim to match some historically important kite, sometimes to represent the first occurrence of a particular kite design.[183] Patent kites are a subset of historical kites where the aim is to build a kite that materially illustrates a claim in a kite patent.[184]
Hydro kites
Water kites – kites that fly in water or on the surface of water.

I

India kites
[185]
Indoor kites
May be confused with zero-wind kites.[186][187]
Inflatable single-line kites
[188][189][190][191] Distinguish between closed-bladder inflated kites (sausage balloon kite, other-form balloon kites) from open-bladder ram-air inflation (Jalbert parafoil and its derivatives) and the single-surface flexible-sail dynamic inflation (Rogallo and Barish wings). A kite can have two or three types of inflation parts (Jalbert's 1944 patent claimed a kite that had the closed-cell inflation as well as a sailwing part).[192] Over-water flying applications have invited air kites having light-than-water flotation capability; power-kiting for kitesurfing with leading-edge-inflated (LEI) bladder held inside textile pocket is one such use. Another is in fishing kites[193][194]
Invisible kites
(radar-invisible, very-low-visibility translucents, out-of-sights, non-lighted night kites, imagined kites, kites flown by the blind as they feel the line tension change)[195][196]

J

Jalbert parafoil kites
after inventions of Domina Jalbert
Japanese kites
[197][198][199]
Java kites
(pre-Malay kite, pre-Eddy kite)[200]
Jesus kites
This type of kite is found in both art and flying kites.[201] Aquilone di Gesù kites use art on standard kite forms or specialized figure kites. In the Philippines, noted kitemaker Eulogio Catahan[202] is a leader in Jesus kites.

K

Kid kites
This type of kite is fit for young kids. Both hobby authors and commercial suppliers note this type of kite.[203][204]
Killer kites
Three types of killer kites are recognized in kiting. One type of killer kite has the task of taking out of flight another kite; such is in sport and also in practical kite energy operations to take out a kite that is fugitive. Another killer kite regards the notorious kites that cause death and injury; some nations' kite festivals have been marred or cancelled because of killer kites; governments have gotten involved to halt or slow the effect of killer kites. The kite's glassed lines or the kite's metallic base material have resulted in far too many deaths and injuries.[205] Death by kites is part of the reason the world knows this kite type. Another type of "killer kite" are those that simply deeply astound viewers and users with some unique exciting quality.[206]
Kirby kites
(also known as a bird kite – a variant of the Malay kite) (not to be confused with the manned glider called the Kirby Kite,[207] which was a kite launched into a gliding or soaring session) (also not to be confused with the radio-controlled Airworld Kirby Kite scale glider, which has a kite life when being given a kited launch)[208]
KiteSail by Maurice Grenier[209]
KiteShip by Dave Culp.[210]
Korean kites
Kytoon
A shaped balloon that kites (two general types: 1) lighter-than-medium, in which it moves within a gravity field 2) heavier-than-air kytoon, or heavier than the medium in which it flies. Density is implied when saying "heavier"-than-the-ambient medium). For air, some kytoons are less dense than air (using hydrogen, helium, heated air); other kytoons filled with, for example, unheated air are not buoyant in still air but are still kited.[211] Includes barrage kites of the kytoon type that Domina Jalbert designed for defense purposes and peacetime antenna-lifting by ham-radio operators. Car dealers raise advertisements with kytoons (see Observation balloon.[212][213] The kytoon is a true kite in flight in an appropriate moving stream of material, fluid, gas, or air; it is also a true balloon[214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224]

L

  • LaddermillA complex of sub-kites in a loop line with various uses, one of which is the generation of electricity; invented by Dr. Ockels of Delft University.[225]
Landboarding kites
Kite landboarding uses traction and power kites.[226]
Lang kites
[227]
Langley kites
See Samuel Langley
Leaf kites
(traditional, decorative artistic mimic, fishing leaf or novel)[228][229][230]
LEI kites
Leading-edge-inflated kite
Lighter-than-air kites
[231][232]
Light-emitting kites
Chemiluminescence kites, electrically lighted kites (battery and also real-time in-kite generated electricity for the lights, light-reflection kites
Low aspect ratio kites
[233]
Close-up of a spider
Silk extruded is thin and long
Spider gossamer kites made of spider silk are low-aspect-ratio kites made by a spider. Man-made long sausage-balloon kites are low-aspect-ratio kites.

M

Machijirushi kites
fine paper and bamboo from Hamamatsu continue, after centuries of use in celebration and town kite-fighting.[234][235]
Magnus effect kites
rotate span-wise.[236][237][238][239]
Malay kites
(pre-Eddy kite)[240]
Manned
Man-lifting kites
Maori kites
Miniature kites
[241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248] Over 800 miniature kites were on display in 1999 at the Muncie Convention Center in Muncie, Indiana, USA for the world's largest such event; it was called the AKA Miniature Kite Art Gallery.[249] Also known as tiny kites, small kites, or little kites.
Musical kites
[250][251] The Cambodian Ek (Khlèng-Phnorng or Khlèn-Èk) musical kite is an enduring part of the rural Cambodian culture.[252]

N

Night kites
[253][254][255][256][257][258][259][260]
Novelty kites
Novelty kites bring vitality to kite-building and flying. Festivals frequently have an award category for novelty kites.

O

Octagonal kites
Four-stick octagonal kites exist; collapsible eight-stick kites that pop up like a common umbrella have been registered in patents. A fine-art example of an eight-sided regular octagonal kite is illustrated.[261] Stop-sign and octagonal box kites are other examples.[262][263]
Octopus kites
Figure mimic of octopus[264]

P

Parachute kites
(see paraglider below) Parachutes that have a directional venting small (parasail, directional parachutes) or massive (Jalbert parafoil, Rogallo parawing) are kites moored to free-falling body or payload. Symmetrical, non-directional zero-lift/drag ratio parachutes are streamers and not kites; no net deflection from the stream occurs in a true parachute.
Parafoil
Parafoil stunt kites
[265]
Paraglider
manned (these are kites both in free-fall, and kited either by the pilot or secondarily by a towing or moored device or powered harness system).
Multicolored parachute against blue sky
Note asymmetrical flutes of highly modified parachute so kiting occurs.
Parasail
Parachutes modified to have a positive lift/drag ratio, so the wing can be kited to carry humans or other payload
Paravane
Water kite
Patent kites
Kites that have been represented in ornamental design patents throughout history are sometimes built to demonstrate kite history. Also, mechanical kite patents hold claims that form the focus of some kite builders' project focus. Sellers enjoy some protection when a sold kite is a patent kite. One of the most noteworthy of the patent kites is that of George Pocock.[266][267][268][269]
Pentagonal kites
also known as penta- or five-sided polygonal kite.[270][271] The five points give ample opportunity for a head, two hands and two legs. Distinguish pentagonal kites from five-point star kites that are ten-sided (unless art is simply showing the five-point star). Five recalls the shapes of humans and animals.
Picnic plate kites
See Plate kites, below.
Plasma kites
[272] Distinguish ambient flying media: blood plasma, space plasma or confined scientific-laboratory or industrial plasma streams. Plasma is the most common phase of matter in the universe.[273]
Plate kites
paper, plastic or EPS foam picnic-plate kites. This type of kite includes figure, artistic, dragon, and rotary kites. The most simple kite is the single plate, uncut and left as a circular kite; complexity is up to its maker.[274][275]
Powered-harness hang glider kites
Powered paragliders
(Powered paragliding)

Q

Quantum kites
Quick or Fast kites
Quick kites are kites that can be made quickly; simplicity may or may not be characteristic of a quick kite. Commonly available materials are used by quick-kite designers. Specially ordered materials are not used, and few (if any) tools are needed.[276][277]

R

Race kites
Kites specially designed for high-speed traction racing (on land, water, ice, snow).[278][279]
Radio-controlled kite
unpowered Both for sport and commercial purposes, the complexity of more than one line emphasizes control of power, position and attack angle. One line simplifies reeling and line control. A project in the power-kite sport field is the Slarc.[280] Radio-control de-powering and release systems are being developed. Instead of the drag of two, three, four, or five lines, the single-line radio-controlled kite has the drag of just one line.[281][282]
Radio-controlled kite
powered scale and manned Distinguish a product that is not a kite (called RC Kite) from true kites that have radio controls on a kite-lined kite wing.
Ram-air kites
Sled kites with ram-air cavities and Jalbert parafoil power kites are ram-air kites. The wind rams into the cavities and inflates sections of a kite to give the kite shape and sturdiness.[283]
Recycled kites
Kites made from recycled goods[284]
Revolution kite or Rev kites
(four-line revolution stunt kites by Joe Hadzicki)[101][285][286][287][288]
Ribbon kites
<Several kinds: large non-rotating ribbon arch kite (windbow), rotating ribbon kite, and kite with main sails made up of grids and meshes of ribbons (latticework kites). German kite designer Willi Koch specialized in mesh or ribbon-set kites.[289]
Rigid kites
(no flexible sail part)
Rogallo Corner kites
[290] First intended use: radar reflector for rescue[291][292]
Rogallo Parawing kite
Roller kite.[293]
Rolloplan kites
[294] (German origin)
Diagram of a rotating kite
Rotating kite
Diagram of a hexagonal kite
Rokkaku (bowed hexagonal) kite
Rotary kites
Vertical axis rotary, spanwise rotary,[295] mixed rotary, streamwise axially rotary.[296][297] EPS, Styrofoam, and balsa special Magnus-effect rotary kites can be made with several construction methods for two-line control kites for heavier breezes.[298][299] Many spanwise rotary kites are two-line control kites. However, UFO-SAM is a single-line rotary Magnus-effect kite; one of the leading makers of the kite has died, but a manufacturer has continued offering the kite.[300][301][302] A two-line rotary kite using a special control bar is instructed in the patent by J. R. Carnwath filed on 29 March 1948.[303][304][305][306] Kites that revolve but do not obtain lift from the revolving motion are distinct from Magnus-effect lifters or gyrocopting lifting rotating kites; Thomas Ansboro of Scotland, in 1891, instructed in a US patent 464412 about a revolving hexagonal kite where the bridling is critical.[307]

A ringed UFO rotary kite patent indicated a special bridling ring and a central rotating ring (US Patent 4779825).[308] The very high aspect ratio rotating spanwise ribbon kites (Skybows) are continuing to gain interest; these require at least two swivels. Also, a variety of rotary kites that are nearly streamers rotate almost windward; some are vaned and some are not.[309][310] In 1995 Carl E. Knight and Jo Ann F. Knight instructed a rotary kite that rotates near windward for its axis (not like autogyro or spanwise magnus).[311]

Rokkaku or Rokaku kites
[312][313][314][315][316]
Rotating Ribbon kites
One version is called Skybow. The long ribbon is at least a two-anchored system with at least two swivels, but may be segmented to allow segments of ribbon to rotate at different speeds. Autorotation, giving lift via the Magnus effect, allows a rainbow arch kite to fly. A human operator at one end, with a fixed ground anchor at the other, is one example; a separate human operator at each of two anchors is another. More than two tethers can be used.[317]

S

Sauls' Barrage kites
[318][319]
Sail kites
Sails that are fully tethered and give a net positive lift are sail kites. Sailing vessels on water and land use sail kites. The kiting tethers can be short or long.[320] Power kites are frequently sail kites as a power kite is used to sail a skier, landsailing buggy, wakeboarder, ground wheeled vehicle, boats and so on.[321][322][323][324][325]
Diagram of a sled kite
John W. Loy teaches sled-kite variation which may avoid collapse frequent with sled kites (swallowtail sled).
Self-erecting collapsible kites
Collapsible kites that self-erect upon a triggering event to full kite form have special niche uses and appeal. Positive-inflated kytoons would be typed here, if a triggering erected the kytoon. Already-erected kites like the parafoil are self-inflating, but not usually considered as needing erecting (since they are already softly finished in form, except for placing them in the wind).[326][327]
Show kites
See "Display kites". Show kites are one category of display kite.
Skating kites
See Kite skating[328]
Sled kites
include the Buda Jewish Kite of 1904,[329] the Scott and Allison Sleds and many variations.[330][331][332][333][334][335][336][337][338]
Signature kites
Kites made by a particular person become prized possessions for some people.[339]
Single-piece kites
[340]
Sode or Sode Dako kites
This type wins attention with its shape, especially in Japan.[341][342][343]
Soft kites
Parawing, parafoil, some un-sticked sleds, Barish sailwing, Playsail, KiteShip, foils
Solar kites
in plasma or photonic media;[344] Solar-kite engineers and scientists are expanding the definition of a kite.[345] The sail may be full of solar-energy electricity-generating material. Another example is the Solar Max Delta Kite.
Soil kites
Sound-making kites
Square kites
[346]
Stacked kites
Stacking sub-kite units
Stunt kites
Styrofoam kites
When Styrofoam dining plates are used in a dragon-kite segment, when a kite is made from styrene drinking cups, or when kites are made with the dominant material styrofoam or EPS foam, then the kite world refers to the kite type as a styrofoam kite. This allows use of recycled materials.[347][348][349]

T

Red and blue ribbon kite
Corner reflector, part of Rogallo's target kite
Target kites
As designed by Paul Garber, a key gunnery practice target in war.[350][351][352] Francis Melvin Rogallo, inventor of a fully flexible kite in 1948, also filed a patent on 23 January 1963 for a target kite that used stiffenings,[353] which was also a corner reflector.
Tetrahedral kites
Inventor Alexander Graham Bell focused on these types of kites;[354] This kite type was a dominant interest of Mr. Bell's.[355]
Thai kites
[356]
Toy kites
Traction kites
for relaunching from water, differ from dedicated land traction kites[357]
Train or Kite train
Connect many kite-body units onto one line in various ways and have a kite that is a kite train, or train of kites. Dragon kites, centipede kites, and some arches are trains. A train of mini kites is a mini-kite train.[358][359]
Trainer kites
Kites of lower power that are used to practice maneuvers before higher-powered kites are used.[360][361][362]
Tukkal or Tukal kites
Special four-stick kite[363]

U

Underwater kite
[364] Water kites have an analogous presence in other liquids as the flying media; kite expert David Culp published about non-water media for kiting within those fluids rather than air (see "Water kites" below). An early presentation of an underwater box kite was repeated in the Drachen Foundation Kite Journal from a 1909 Scientific American article.[365]

V

Ventilated kites
Flying kites in high or stormy winds is achieved in several ways; one way is to have high-porosity or ventilated kites Effective sail area is reduced, while shape and appearance can follow known kite shapes of non-ventilated kites.[366]
Victory kites
One series of noted kites: the Victory kites of Stormy Weathers (yes that is his name) include Star Victory, Swift Victory, and Winged Victory. Mr. Weathers was respected for building kites from common materials.[367]

W

Waffle kites
such as those made by Joseph LeCornu[368]
Water kites
[369][370] This mechanism handles a water kite or underwater inverted kite; also spelled paravane, paravanes. Underwater kiting of heavier-than-water (even ballasted) instruments serve industry and science.[371] Domina Jalbert told Tal Streeter that water kites are hardly different from air kites and could have many applications.[372][373]
Water relaunchable kites
Air kites that can be launched and relaunched once the kite's wing and lines are settled on or in the water.[374]
Woglum kites
(variant of the Malay kite). Gilbert T. Woglum in 1896 flew a train of kites over a parade and hung a golden flag from the main line.[375]
Work kites
or working kites: are kites designed to perform specialized tasks or produce work or energy. George Pocock put kites to work pulling vessels. Kiteboarding puts kites to work. Especially in crosswind kite power there are work kites able to gain high energy from apparent winds created by flying the wings to crosswind.[376][377]

X

X-treme kites
Extreme sport kites.[378]
X flat two-stick kites
the frame is "X" format with two spars; rectangular or square or cut to form X. Flat kites made of two sticks. Artistic alphabet character "X" kite.

Y

Yacht kites
Leslie Hunt's book, 25 Kites, includes a yacht-kite plan.[379]
Youth kites
Kites for the very young. Also beginner kites, kid kites, kiddie kites. Kites suitable for the very young are almost always small single-line kites using cotton kite line.[380] Festivals sometimes have a category called "youth kites".[381]

Z

Zero-wind kites
Kite pilot stays within a tight ground circle, or pumps the kite line without moving, or walks or runs when there are zero-wind conditions (also known as nil-wind, null-wind, no-wind, indoor kites). The Ninja zero- and low-wind kite plan is open for all for non-commercial use.[382][383][384]

See also

References

  1. Dazzz. "The Flying Circus Kite-Plan Page!". Kite-plans.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  2. "Glossary of KITESA". Energykitesystems.net. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  3. Kiteman(The Complete Kiteman Shop) (27 January 2007). "Some Kiting Basics". Instructables.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  4. Kite Trade Association International (KTAI). Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  5. Styrofoam kites. Archived 16 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  6. Interview with Anna Rubin. She made a kite wing of just grass. Archived 22 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  7. "Paper Kites". Allfreecrafts.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  8. "Bug Plan. Low-aspect-ratio kite". Webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  9. Sayer. "Flying Machine Adapted To Land On Water".
  10. "Inflatable wing: Patent number: 4725021 – Filing date: 17 Oct 1986 Issue date: 16 Feb 1988".
  11. "Inflatable wing Patent number: 3957232; Filing date: Feb 3, 1975; Issue date: May 18, 1976; Inventor: Wayne A. Sebrell". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  12. "The Virtual Kite Zoo". Blueskylark.org. 24 September 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  13. Tom Tinney. "Mini-Kite Train". Littlekites.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  14. "Tapping High Altitude Wind 'Ladder' of Kites Viewed as Energy Source". Lr.tudelft.nl. Archived from the original on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  15. 'No Secrets' Trains. Archived 16 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  16. Team Spectrum Kite Display, 2007. Bird train, Mylar fighter-kite train, and more.
  17. Kitesailing International, December, 1988. Archived 20 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  18. Dave Culp SpeedSailing. Archived 17 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  19. Nathan's, Believe It Or Not, Kite Boat. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  20. Geert Donker Duyvis. "More lines, more fun". Gddweb.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  21. The Flying Squad. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  22. Team Spectrum Kites. Archived 27 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  23. "Sky Symphony kites at Barnoldswick, The Sky Symphony kite display team display at the Festival of Flight, Victory Park, Barnoldswick, Pendle, Lancashire, UK on Saturday 8th September 2007". Youtube. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  24. "Balloon kite". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  25. Hooper et al. "Lidar Measurements of Wind in the Planetary Boundary Layer: The Method, Accuracy and Results from Joint Measurements with Radiosonde and Kytoon," Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, vol. 25, pp 990–1001 (Jul. 1986).
  26. "Apparatus and method for aerodynamic wing David A. Culp". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  27. "Towable underwater kite Brian Frank Arthur". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  28. 1 2 "Underwater Electric Kite". Uekus.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  29. "Trawl-board and paravane innovator". Stimparavaner.se. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  30. "U.S. Patent 7093803 by Dave Culp". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  31. NASA Q&A. Archived 22 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  32. Guy H. Kennedy, Jr. patent for thermodynamic kite. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  33. "Flying Trick Kites How's That Different From Stunt Flying?". My-best-kite.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  34. Gomberg, David. "Getting Started with Stunt Kites Written by David Gomberg". Windpowersports.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  35. Pitch & Lockout Limiter. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  36. "Hang Glider Tow Manual" (PDF). Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  37. NASA: Kite Balance and Stability. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  38. Rotating kites. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  39. "Stability Science: How Tails Help a Kite Fly". Scientific American.
  40. "Kite ban sparks violent protests". CNN. 9 December 2005. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  41. "Basant: Colorless skies as ban on kite flying in Pakistan continues". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  42. "From Using Foreign Currencies to Banning IPL & Kite-flying, List of Activities That Taliban Govt Has Prohibited". News18. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  43. "South Asia | Pakistan province lifts kite ban". BBC News. 5 January 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  44. "Windbow". Kites.tug.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  45. Windbow Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  46. "Weifang Wing Kite Manufacture Co., Ltd". Sinokites.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  47. "Imagine Inflatables". Imagine Inflatables. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  48. "Hi Fly Kites". Hi Fly Kites. March 2003. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  49. "WindMueller Aerology Lab". Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  50. "Kite patent". Google Patents. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  51. "Kite patent". Google Patents. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  52. "Kite patent". Google Patents. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  53. "Airplane kite" Archived 16 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Chinatownkite.com. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  54. "Airplane kite photo" Archived 15 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Runawaynow.com. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  55. "PeterLynn ARC set-up FAQ" Archived 22 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Kite-fantastic.co.uk. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  56. "WindMueller Aerology Lag. SkyBow ribbon arch or rainbow kite; photograph". Parafoils.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  57. Rotating kites; skybow. Archived 21 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  58. "Skybow kite. Jim Mallous text". Thermikschnueffler.de. 10 November 1997. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  59. "Air Force Lt. Col. William L. Skliar's Explorer PG-1 Aqua Glider". Members.eaa.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  60. Sailplane Directory. Biplane manned kite towed over water in 1959. Archived 8 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  61. "SKLIAR AQUA GLIDER "Explorer" – N6498D". Airventuremuseum.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  62. "Archimedes Screw". 7 January 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  63. Improvement in Folding Kites patent. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  64. Improvement in Kites patent. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  65. Concave parabolic arch kite Peter J. Pearce et al. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  66. Monocoque arched kite Peter J. Pearce Retrieved 12 March 2100.
  67. Louis Kite. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  68. Pegtop kite. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  69. Kites in Art Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  70. Genevieve Lytton as "The Kite" Archived 22 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  71. Profound Issues Posed by Asymmetry Archived 4 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  72. "mybags". Dlc.fi. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  73. mta (20 August 2005). "A Garbage Bag Kite". Instructables.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  74. Bag kites Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  75. Kite Balloon by Domina C. Jalbert, filed 1944 Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  76. Ann Heinrichs (2004). Spiders. Capstone PressInc. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-7565-0590-5. She observes that the so called ballooning is like a kite or balloon; she is mechanically correct about the kite part, as no true balloon is ever formed by the spider as told in the other references
  77. "Flying Spiders over Texas! Coast to Coast. Chad B., Texas State University Undergrad: He correctly describes the mechanical kiting of spider "ballooning"". Snerdey.com. Archived from the original on 26 November 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  78. Hiram Stevens Maxim (1908). "Chapter 7". Artificial and Natural Flight. Whittaker. p. 28. the "Balloon Spider" is correctly seen as mechanical kiting
  79. "Richard Miller. His book Without Visible Means of Support describes the mechanical foundation for the mechanics used for the spiders kiting when doing so-called ballooning: free-flight two kite system". Ssa.org. 5 January 2005. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  80. "Super-powered spiders. Bug specialist describes the kiting of ballooning spiders, in interview by author Pamela S. Turner". Csmonitor.com. 28 May 2002. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  81. Strauss, Kevin (2006). Tales with Tails: Storytelling the Wonders of the Natural World. Libraries Unlimited. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-59158-269-4.
  82. George; Doug; Ken (7 February 2002). "Are cobwebs made by spiders? wherein three staffers recognize that ballooning spiders actually are kiting". Straightdope.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  83. "Pest Control Solutions, the ultimate source for Pest Control Products. The company signed to their understanding that the ballooning spiders actually are kiting". Pestcontrol-products.com. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  84. Rare Species Conservatory. Wildly Weird Facts. They carefully distinguish that the spiderlings actually kite even though the term "ballooning" is sometimes used. Archived 2 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  85. "David Barish, the Forgotten Father of Paragliding" Archived 29 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  86. BARISH GLIDE WING David T. Barish, US Patent 3480238 Filing date: 27 Feb 1967. Issue date: Nov 1969. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  87. G-kites Catalog
  88. "Beginner Kites". Worldwindkites.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  89. "Beginner Stunt Kites". Kitesinc.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  90. Wheel kite, 1908 Archived 21 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  91. Dr. Alexander Graham Bell. (Hargrave echo?) Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  92. Bird Kites by George Webster. Kiteflier, Issue 92, p. 5-12. Archived 29 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  93. Peel Glider Boat Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  94. Sevylor Manta Ray Archived 8 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  95. Box-like kite Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  96. "Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly Kite 43x26". Hobbylinc.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  97. "Butterfly Kites". Chinakiteonline.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  98. Drachen Foundation Kite Journal Archived 21 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  99. "Kono Design". Kono Design. 9 July 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  100. Khmer kites: Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  101. 1 2 3 Kites at the Smithsonian Archived 21 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  102. "Sir George Cayley". Flyingmachines.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  103. "Cheap kites". My-best-kite.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  104. "Cheap kites". Cobrakite.com. 20 December 2011. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  105. "Cheap kites". Likemerchantships.blogspot.com. 14 March 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  106. "Chemiluminescent kite John J. Kinn et al". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  107. "Genres of Chinese Kites". Chinakite.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  108. Flying Disc Kite by Angelo Spanvill Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  109. S.F. Cody Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  110. Dan Flintjer built over 900 Cody kites Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  111. Conyne. Kite patent, 1911 Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  112. "Cooperative". Kitebuilder.com. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  113. Pointer kite Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  114. Cursor kite Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  115. Cursor kite Archived 20 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  116. Cursor kite Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  117. Delta Sport Kite Design by Dave Salmon Archived 15 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  118. Single Box Delta Plan Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  119. Kite workshop page Archived 18 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  120. El'Cheapo Diamond Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  121. MBK 2-Skewer Diamond Kite plan Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  122. "The Diamond Kite - Some Background". My Best Kite.com.
  123. "Kite Collective". Archived from the original on 13 November 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2008.
  124. Andrew and Kathleen – Display Kites Archived 25 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  125. Peter Lynn, a pioneer in large display kites
  126. "Display kites". News.webshots.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  127. "Fishy Kites". Home.zonnet.nl. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  128. A New Game In Town Archived 14 March 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  129. Double-kite illustration Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  130. "Dragon kite. Patent by Don Tabor". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  131. "Dragon Chinese (plan) by Dan Beard". Inquiry.net. 22 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  132. Brendon. "Sund Photograph. China. Dragon kite.(sometimes called centipede kite)". Sundaphotography.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  133. Geert Donker Duyvis. "The Dragon Cave". Gddweb.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  134. "Chinese Dragons". Chinakiteonline.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  135. Eddy kite Retrieved 14 March 2100.
  136. Eddy kite Retrieved 14 March 2011
  137. Miniature diamond Eddy kite Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  138. Eddy kite (replica) Archived 30 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  139. Japanese Kite History 2 Archived 19 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  140. Meet the Kite Maker Mikio Toki Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  141. Makani Power, Inc. Archived 3 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  142. "KiteLab". Main.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  143. "Allister Furey". Afurey.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  144. No Form of Tuna Fishing Provides More Visual Excitement Archived 4 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  145. A Feather-Light Bird Kite Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  146. The Feather Kite: An Experiment in Progress Archived 6 September 2012 at archive.today Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  147. Multiple feather kite Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  148. NFKA Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  149. Gerhards and Danielas little World of Fighter Kites Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  150. Bat kite Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  151. Cat kite Archived 22 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  152. First Kites Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  153. Paul's Fishing Kites Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  154. Sunset Kite Fishing Archived 5 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  155. Dangling angling Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  156. Flat Kites by George Webster The Kiteflier, Issue 96 Archived 29 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  157. Flexikite Francis Rogallo's Breakthrough Idea The Toy Kite That Led to the Hang Glider Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  158. Funny Kites! Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  159. Edson Fessenden Gallaudet (1871–1945) Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  160. "Bag Kites". My-best-kite.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  161. "Giant Garbage Bag Kite". Blog.makezine.com. 11 August 2009. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  162. "Geometric cubes Delta Kite". Kitesrus.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  163. "Different Types of Kites". Plumcreekmarketing.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  164. "Kite plans". Webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 23 October 2009. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  165. "Genki Kites". Foreverflying.com. 14 October 2008. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  166. "Dieppe Mermaids Genki Kite". Gothicdesign.ca. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  167. Cody Specials Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  168. Introducing the Giant Kites of Guatemala Archived 21 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  169. Yokaichi Giant Kite Festival, Shiga, Japan Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  170. Gibson Girl Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  171. Martin Glider Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  172. 1 2 Essays on Kite Word Origin and Patents by Ed Grauel. Archived 21 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  173. North Texas Hang/Para Gliding Association NTHPA Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  174. Hargrave Replica at Royal Park Archived 4 August 2012 at archive.today Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  175. "Hexagonal Kite. Patent application in process". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  176. "Assembling Frame For Covered Structures Pantsos". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  177. "Kite Control Apparatus Fermin T. Sada". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  178. "Kite Construction P. Snibbe". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  179. "Hexagonal Kite (how to make one sort)". Howtomakeandflykites.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  180. "Hi-start Revisited" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  181. "Rotating Kites". Blueskylark.org. 24 September 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  182. A concept for the world's biggest, longest, widest kite? Archived 7 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  183. "First Kites – Working on Historical Kites". Firstkites.nl. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  184. "Index for Kite Patents". Energykitesystems.net. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  185. Kites in India. Archived 12 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  186. "Synergistic Kites". Horvath.ch. Archived from the original on 1 September 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  187. Indoor Inspirations. (indoor kiting) Archived 9 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  188. Inflatable delta wing kite Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  189. Delta-wing inflatable kite Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  190. Inflatable kite Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  191. Figure Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  192. "Kite Balloon". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  193. Inflatable Fishing Kite Instructions Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  194. "Unique Inflatable Kites" Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  195. "Dryden Daily Kaz". Drydendailykaz.blogspot.com. 29 October 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  196. "The Pocket Kite.(invisible to radar)". The Pocket Kite. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  197. Lesson plan-Japan. Japanese kites. Archived 2 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  198. Geert Donker Duyvis. "Japanese kites". Gddweb.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  199. "Japanese Kite Collection". Asahi-net.or.jp. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  200. "kite :: Kite structure – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  201. "Jesus kites". Vunex.blogspot.com. 24 August 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  202. What's Doing in the Philippines Archived 4 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  203. Easy Kites for Kids Archived 3 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  204. Best Kite For Kids Archived 9 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  205. Malik, Shahid (10 June 2003). "Pakistan tackles killer kites". BBC News. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  206. "killer kites by daniel frost". Thefunctionkey.com. 16 March 2011. Archived from the original on 3 January 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  207. Kirby Kite Archived 22 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  208. "Airworld Kirby Kite". Rcuniverse.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  209. "Kitesail.net". Voilecerfvolant.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  210. KiteShip Archived 18 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 20111-03-15.
  211. Helikite. Notice that these are not helicopter kites; the heli stands for helium. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  212. "Kite+Balloon=Kytoon". Blog.modernmechanix.com. 25 January 2008. Archived from the original on 6 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  213. John Pike. "AV-1 Wright". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  214. KITE BALLOON BALPH H. UPSON. 1916.(A) Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  215. Kite Balloon. Upson. 1916.(B) Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  216. KITE BALLOON HERBERT GRAY GIBBS. 1924 Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  217. Allsopp helikites limited – Manufacturer of aerostats Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  218. Kite Balloon by H. Upson, 1916 patent Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  219. KITE BALLOON Domina C. Jalbert (A) Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  220. KITE BALLOON Jalbert (B) Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  221. Kite Ballon. Domina C. Jalbert. (C) Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  222. Balloon kite Robert O. Talamo Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  223. Aircraft. Aircraft uses kite balloon in concert with a kite train and a powered aircraft. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  224. Thermodynamic kite Guy H. Kennedy, Jr. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  225. "'Ladder' of Kites Viewed as Energy Source" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2006. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
  226. Tapping High Altitude Wind ‘Ladder’ of Kites Viewed as Energy Source Archived 15 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  227. Lang kite, filed 1946 Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  228. "Leaf Kites". Kiteman.co.uk. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  229. Stuart Margulies (1983). Raising Your Reading Test Scores. Educational Design. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-87694-220-8.
  230. "The Giant Kites of Guatemala" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2008. Kite Journal, Drachen Foundation, Issue: Spring 2002, page 9, Judith Johnson, Garden City, New York, describes leaf kites made from the chataigne.
  231. M1 Application for patent: Lighter than air kite William J. Beckingham et al. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  232. Balloon kite Robert O. Talamo Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  233. "Low-aspect-ratio kite". Webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  234. Machijirushi kites Archived 27 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  235. Traditionnels Japonnais Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  236. Rotary kite Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  237. Rotary Kite Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  238. Hamilton, Tyler (29 December 2005). "Rotor Kites Move From Toy Novelty to High Tech Power Generation". Best-breezes.squarespace.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  239. Jason Hatcher (27 August 2007). "Magenn Power's MARS is a Wind Power Anywhere". Magenn.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  240. "Malay kite". Inquiry.net. 22 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  241. "Miniature kites". Kiting USA. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  242. "Little kites". Littlekites.com. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  243. "Miniature kites". Kitebuilder.com. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  244. "Small kites". Kitecompany.com. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  245. "Miniature kites" Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  246. "Miniature kite" Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  247. "Miniature Eddy kites" Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  248. "The Fourth Great Miniature Kite Contest, 2001" Archived 21 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Drachen.org. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  249. "AKA Miniature Kite Art Gallery Tour". Kiting USA. (Many photographs).
  250. "Cambodian Musical Kite". Members.aol.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  251. Musical kite by Henry Rowl Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  252. "The Cambodian "Khlèn Phnorng" Musical Kite". Members.aol.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  253. "Night kite Kenneth M. Linden, Jr." Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  254. "Night Kites Arrive on Indian Kiting Scene". Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  255. "Led Night Kite (Cometa Led)". Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  256. "Kite with durable light display feature Don Tabor et al." Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  257. "Night Kite". Google Patents. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  258. "Electrical light illumination for kites flown at night Mark T. Flory". Google Patents. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  259. "Illuminated kite William Quinones et al.". Google Patents. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  260. "Night flying by Team Spectrum" (PDF). myweb.tiscali.co.uk. Retrieved 3 January 2012. (Note: IE only?)
  261. "Kite Flying at Vaucluse, St. Thomas". Justbahan.com. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  262. "What a Kite. (area of octagon kite)" Archived 22 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine. UCF.edu personal web page. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  263. "Octagon Box Kite". Flying-colors.de. Archived 21 April 2008 at archive.today
  264. "Life's Journey". Walkalong blog. August 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  265. "WindDance Kites". Seattleairgear.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  266. "Patent kite ". Science and Society. (UK).
  267. "Compendium of Kite Patents". kitepatents.blogspot.com
  268. "Kite Patents". Kitepatents.com.
  269. Crosswind kite power#Patents that involve crosswind kite power
  270. "Penta Kites" Archived 10 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  271. "Japanese Kite collection" Archived 9 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  272. "Apparatus and method for aerodynamic wing David A. Culp". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  273. "STATES OF MATTER. Plasma is the most common state of matter". Edinformatics.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  274. "The Virtual Kite Zoo Kites in the Classroom. Picnic Plate Kites". Blueskylark.org. 24 September 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  275. PAPER PLATE FLYER (page 4) Archived 17 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  276. How to Make a Kite Out of a Plastic Bag Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  277. How to Make a Fast Kite With One Sheet of Paper Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  278. "RaceKites". RaceKites. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  279. Course racing kites Archived 6 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  280. Peter Lynn Newsletter August 2007 Archived 14 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  281. "Peter Lynn Newsletter May 2007". Peterlynnkites.co.nz. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  282. US20080108273 RC kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  283. "Ram-air kites". Peterlynnhimself.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  284. Recycled kites Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  285. "How I Met Joe Hadzicki. Photograph of the Revolution kite that introduce a new realm of control kites". Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2008.
  286. Kite Personalities – Joe Hadzicki & Brothers Archived 25 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  287. "The shape that started a revolution". Revkites.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  288. "Flight demonstration video of the Revolution kite". Youtube. 5 July 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  289. Kites made by Willi Koch, from Nettetal, Germany Archived 24 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  290. patented Rogallo target kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  291. "KPB 0.4.0". 26 April 2004. Archived from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  292. "World's largest kite plan archive - Kite Plan Base (KPB)". Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
  293. Roller kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  294. Roloplan Archived 4 August 2012 at archive.today Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  295. aerodynamic basis Archived 11 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  296. UFO and Rotor Kite Information Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  297. Classic Rotor (Meat Tray) Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  298. Interesting circular and rotary kite designs Archived 17 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  299. Modern UFO Rotor Kites Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  300. UFO-SAM kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  301. Kenneth Sams Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  302. Kenneth Sams, RIP Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  303. "Kite Control Assembly E. V. Kinsey". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  304. "Carnwath Rotating Kite J. R. Carnwath". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  305. "Types of Rotor Kites". Cit.gu.edu.au. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  306. "Rolloplane Balsa Rotor Kite". Cit.gu.edu.au. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  307. "Kite. Patent regards a revoling kite by Thomas Ansboro in 1891". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  308. US Patent 5598988 Rotary Flyer Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  309. Vaneless rotary kite Carl E. Knight et al. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  310. US patent:3086738 "Rotating kite", Lubash, John J., 1963, April Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  311. Kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  312. Rokkaku kites Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  313. Rokaku kites Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  314. Rokaku kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  315. "rokaku". YouTube. 5 September 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  316. "The Rokkaku Kite - Some Background".
  317. Rotating Kites Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  318. Sauls' Barrage Kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  319. U.S. Design Patent No. D136,018 COLLAPSIBLE KITE Hosea C. Sauls Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  320. "KiteShip". KiteShip. Archived from the original on 18 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  321. "Kite Sails For America's Cup" (PDF). Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  322. "Kite for Sail". Kite for Sail. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  323. Kit-Cats. New option: kite sails for sailing. Archived 17 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  324. "Go Sail A Kite! By Tom Holtey". Sit-on-topkayaking.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  325. "Kite Sailing Yacht". Yankodesign.com. 8 November 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  326. Self-erecting collapsible kite Todd Hostetter Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  327. Inflatable kite arrangement and launcher Vernon G. Pascoe et al. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  328. Kite skating Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  329. Knotty Attribution Problem Archived 21 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  330. FLEXIBLE KITE William M. Allison Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  331. "Flight.(straw and paper sled)" (PDF). Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  332. Sled Kites by George Webster; 10 pages with plans and variations. Archived 29 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  333. Flexible Sled Kites Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  334. Hooded Kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  335. Swallowtail kite by inventor John W. Loy Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  336. "Kite. Plans for sled kite with maple leaf vent". hilaroad.com.
  337. How to make a Sled Kite ... Archived 18 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  338. Make A Sled Kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  339. "Kiterus". Kitesrus.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  340. SINGLE PIECE KITE Frank L. Roe Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  341. Kites and Their Shapes Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  342. "The Sode Kite, Some Background". My-best-kite.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  343. "The Sode Kite - Some Background". My Best Kite.com.
  344. "Solar Kite Mission Feasibility Study" (PDF). Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  345. Jack, C; Welch, C.S (1997), "Solar kites: Small solar sails with no moving parts", Acta Astronautica, 40 (2–8): 137, Bibcode:1997AcAau..40..137J, doi:10.1016/S0094-5765(97)00120-3
  346. "IMPROVEMENT IN PHOTOGRAPHIC SCREENS OR REFLECTORS Charles E. Myers. Four-corner kite archetypes for a reflector in photography". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  347. "StyroFoam Kites". StyroFoam Kites. Archived from the original on 16 August 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  348. Sparless Styrofoam Kites
  349. "Styrofoam". Cup kites. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  350. U.S. Navy Target Kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  351. Paul E. Garber Target Kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  352. U.S. Navy Target Kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  353. Target Kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  354. Variations of Tetrahedral Kites Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  355. Meet the Kite Maker. Alexander Gramham Bell. Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  356. Thailand's Chula and Pakpao Kites male versus female Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  357. .Air Apparent: The Windborne Legacy Continues As Kite "Engines" Power Exploration, New Sports by Eden Maxwell Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  358. Mini Kite Train Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  359. FANO 1997, Kitetrains Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  360. "Trainer Kite". Youtube. 2 August 2006. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  361. "starting thairapy: the trainer kite myth". Catchsomeair.us. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  362. "Understanding Kite Dynamics". Chicagokitesurfing.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  363. The Elusive Tukkal Fighter
  364. Kenneth H. Wilcoxon, Cabin John, and Louis Landweber US 2403036"Water kite"
  365. "An Unexpected Underwater Kite" Kite Journal, Drachen Foundation, p.17 Archived 21 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  366. My Kite Bag. Archived 11 February 2013 at archive.today Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  367. DF Archive – Weathers Collection Archived 21 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  368. Joseph LeCornu Archived 21 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  369. Kenneth D. Anderson US 4920689 "Water kite and method of using the same" 27 January 1989
  370. US 282620 Filed 3 February 1883
  371. US 3703876 Towed underwater apparatus.
  372. Page 42 of Drachen Foundation Journal Fall 2002 Archived 9 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine The pioneer kite inventor Domina Jalbert spoke emphatically about the water kite.
  373. Kenneth D. Anderson US 4920689 Water kite and method of using the same
  374. "Kitesurfing Terminology". Malibukitesurfing.net. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  375. "Pictures from the air. William Eddy and also Gilbert T. Woglum fly kites over parade in 1896" (PDF). New York Times. 1 November 1896. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  376. "Kinds of Kites". Chestofbooks.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  377. Joe Faust. "Energy Kite Systems". Energy Kite Systems. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  378. Level One distributes X-treme kites for X-treme flyers. Archived 19 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  379. yacht kite Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  380. "Single Line Kites". Kites-rainbowflight.co.nz. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  381. Giant Kites of Guatemala Archived 21 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  382. "A Light Kite". Horvath.ch. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  383. the urban ninja: a synergetic low wind kite project Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  384. indoor kite flying in leipzig Archived 2 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 16 March 2011.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.