Earthquakes in Peru are common occurrences as the country is located in a seismic zone. The interface between the Nazca and South American tectonic plates is located near the Peruvian coast. The South American Plate is moving over the Nazca Plate at a rate of 77 mm (3.0 in) per year.[1]

Seismic hazard map in Peru

This earthquakes occur as thrust faulting on the interface between the two plates, with the South American Plate moving towards the sea over the Nazca Plate. The same process has caused the rise of the Andes mountain range and the creation of the Peru–Chile Trench, as well as volcanism in the Peruvian highlands.

Geology of Peru

The oldest rocks in Peru date to the Precambrian and are more than two billion years old. Along the southern coast, granulite and charnockite shows reworking by an ancient orogeny mountain-building event. Situated close to the Peru-Chile Trench, these rocks have anomalously high strontium isotope ratios, which suggest recent calc-alkaline volcanism.

In the Eastern Cordillera of Peru, Precambrian magmatism in the Huanaco region produced ultramafic, mafic and felsic rocks, including serpentinite, meta-diorite, meta-gabbro, meta-tonalite and diorite and granite that intruded after the first phase of orogenic tectonic activity.

The Grenville orogeny had a major impact in Peru. The basement of the Central Andean orogeny includes the rocks of the Arequipa Massif, which reach granulite grade on the sequence of metamorphic facies and formed around 1.9 billion years ago. Zircon grains in these rocks match those in Labrador, Greenland and Scotland, indicating that much of western South America originated as a promontory of the proto-North American continent Laurentia.

Earthquakes

Notable earthquakes in Peruvian history include the following:

Date Location Mag. MMI Deaths Injuries Notes
2022-07-13 Moquegua 5.5 Mw VII 6 Moderate damage [2]
2022-05-27 Ica 5.5 Mw  IV 8 Minor damage [3]
2022-05-26 Puno 7.2 Mw  V Moderate damage/Intermediate depth [4]
2022-05-12 Lima 5.5 Mw  VII 2 11 Moderate damage [5]
2022-03-16 Arequipa 5.5 Mw  VII 6 Severe damage [6][7][8]
2022-02-03 Loreto 6.5 Mw  VI Minor damage/Intermediate depth [9]
2021-11-28 Loreto 7.5 Mw VIII 12 136 Severe damage/Intermediate depth
2021-07-30 Piura 6.2 Mw VII 721 Severe damage
2021-06-22 Lima 5.9 Mw VI 1 20 Moderate damage
2020-06-07 Ancash 4.5 Mw  IV 1 [10]
2019-05-26Loreto8.0 MwVIII230Intermediate depth[11]
2019-03-01Puno7.0 MwVII12[12]
2018-01-14Arequipa7.1 MwVII2139[13]
2016-12-01 Puno 6.2 Mw  VII 1 17 40 houses damaged in Lampa Province [14][15]
2016-08-15Arequipa5.5 Mw968605 homes destroyed[16]
2014-09-27Cusco5.0 MwVII860 homes damaged
2012-01-30Ica6.4 MwVI119Buildings damaged[17][18]
2011-10-28Huancavelica6.9 MwVII1[19]
2007-08-15Ica8.0 MwIX5952,291Severe damage[20][21]
2005-09-26San Martín7.5 MwVI20266
2001-06-23Arequipa, Moquegua, Tacna8.4 MwIX74–1452,713Tsunami 7 m (23 ft)
1996-11-12Ica7.7 MwVIII24Severe damage[22]
1996-02-21Nazca7.4 MwV12Moderate damage
1993-04-18Lima6.3 Mw10
1991-04-04Loreto6.5 MwIX100Severe damage
1990-05-29Amazonas6.8 MwVIII300Great damage in Moyobamba
1986-04-06Cuzco6.1 MwVII27
1986-01-11 Ancash 5.1 Mw  IV 1 Moderate damage/landslides [23]
1979-02-16Arequipa6.8 MwVIII100Severe damage
1974-10-03Lima8.1 MwIX782,400
1970-05-31Ancash7.9 MwVIII66,794–70,00050,000Extreme damage, Major landslide
1970-02-14Huanuco6.1 Mw14
1969-10-01Junin6.9 Mw635Severe damage
1966-10-17Lima8.1 MwIX100
1960-11-20Ica7.8 MwVIII13Tsunami 9 m (30 ft)
1960-01-13Arequipa6.2 Mw100
1958-01-15Arequipa7.0 Mw69
1953-12-12Tumbes7.5 MwVIII720
1950-05-21Cuzco7.0 Mw1,625Severe damage
1947-11-01Junin7.6 Mw1,242
1946-11-10Ancash7.3 MwIX1,400
1943-01-30Cuzco6.5 Mw252
1942-08-24Ica8.2 MwIX30Tsunami 1.6 m
1940-05-24Lima8.2 Mw562Severe damage in Lima
1937-12-24Pasco6.8 Mw194
1928-05-14Chachapoyas7.2 MwX1,928
1917-05-21Arequipa6.1 Mw32
1914-12-04Ayacucho6.7 Mw400
1913-11-04Apurímac6.5 Mw253
1877-05-09Tarapaca8.5 MwXI2,385Major Tsunami
1868-08-13Arica8.5–9.3 MwXI25,000Extreme damage, Major tsunami 16 m (52 ft)
1828-03-28Lima7.9 Ms162
1746-10-28Lima, Callao9.0 MwXI5,941Major tsunami 24 m (80 ft)
1725-01-06La Libertad7.6 Mw5,000
1716-02-11Ica8.6 Muk X[24]
1716-02-06Arequipa8.8 Muk IX[24]
1687-10-20Ica8.7 MwX5,000Major tsunami
1650-05-12Cuzco7.7 Mw460
1650-03-31Arica7.0 Ms5,000
1619-02-14La Libertad8.6 Ms7,364
1609-10-20Lima8.6 Muk VIII[24]
1604-11-24Arica8.8 Mw1,200
1586-07-09Lima8.6 Mw22
1513-??-??Arequipa8.7 Muk VIII[24]
The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject Earthquakes' notability guideline that was developed for stand alone articles. The principles described are also applicable to lists. In summary, only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded.

See also

Sources

  1. ↑ Tang, Alex K; Johnsson, JöRgen, eds. (2010), Pisco, Peru, Earthquake of August 15, 2007, doi:10.1061/9780784410615, ISBN 978-0-7844-1061-5
  2. ↑ "M 5.5 - 14 km WSW of La Capilla, Peru". earthquake.usgs.gov. 13 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  3. ↑ "M 5.5 - 12 km S of Santiago, Peru". earthquake.usgs.gov.
  4. ↑ "M 7.2 - 13 km WNW of Azángaro, Peru". earthquake.usgs.gov. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  5. ↑ "M 5.4 - 11 km WNW of San Bartolo, Peru". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-13.
  6. ↑ "M 5.6 - 5 km E of Huambo, Peru". earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 2022-03-16. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
  7. ↑ "Arequipa: 12 sismos en últimas horas causan deslizamientos y daños a viviendas". elbuho.pe (in Spanish). 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-03-16. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  8. ↑ "Arequipa: tres heridos, 406 afectados y 35 casas inhabitables dejó temblor de magnitud 5,5, según Indeci" (in Spanish). El Comercio. 17 March 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-03-18. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  9. ↑ "M 6.5 - 47 km NW of Barranca, Peru". earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 2022-02-03. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
  10. ↑ "Chimbote: Joven muere por paro cardíaco durante temblor". Correo (in Spanish). 2020-06-08. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  11. ↑ "M 8.0 - 78km SE of Lagunas, Peru". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  12. ↑ "M 7.0 - 23km NNE of Azangaro, Peru". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  13. ↑ "M 7.1 - 38km SSW of Acari, Peru". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  14. ↑ "M6.2 - 22km SW of Vilavila, Peru". United States Geological Survey. December 1, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  15. ↑ "Sismo en sureste de Perú dejó un muerto y 17 heridos". El Telégrafo (in Spanish). Agence France-Presse. December 2, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  16. ↑ "M 5.5 - 11 km SW of Tapay, Peru", United States Geological Survey, 2016-08-15, retrieved 2022-01-02
  17. ↑ "M 6.4 - 6 km ESE of Pampa de Tate, Peru". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
  18. ↑ "Peru 6.2-Magnitude Earthquake Injures 119 and Damages Homes". Business Week. Archived from the original on 2012-02-02. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
  19. ↑ "M 6.9 - near the coast of central Peru". USGS. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  20. ↑ "Hoy, hace seis años, Pisco fue sacudido por un terremoto de 7.9 grados" (in Spanish). 15 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2 January 2017.
  21. ↑ "M 8.0 - near the coast of central Peru". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  22. ↑ "M 7.7 - near the coast of central Peru". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  23. ↑ "M 5.1 - 2 km ENE of Centenario, Peru". earthquake.usgs.gov.
  24. 1 2 3 4 "NGDC Earthquake Hazard". NGDC.
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