Eastern Mande
Eastern Eastern Mande
Geographic
distribution		Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Mali
Linguistic classificationNiger–Congo?
  • Mande
    • Southeastern Mande
      • Eastern Mande
Glottologeast2697

The Eastern Mande languages (called Eastern Eastern Mande by Kastenholz, and Niger–Volta by Schreiber[1] and also known as the Bisa–Busa languages) are a branch of the Mande languages spoken in seven areas: northwest Burkina Faso, the border region of northern Benin and Nigeria, and one language, Bissa, also spoken in Ghana, Togo, and Ivory Coast and the Samo languages also spoken in Mali.

Member languages

  • Bissa, spoken in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, and Ivory Coast
  • Boko of Benin and Nigeria
  • Busa of Nigeria and Benin
  • Bokobaru of Nigeria
  • Samo languages (Sane, San, Sa) of Burkina Faso and Mali
  • Shanga, spoken in Nigeria
  • Tyenga (Kyenga), spoken in Benin and Nigeria.

Classification

The following internal classification is from Dwyer (1989, 1996), as summarized in Williamson & Blench 2000.[2]

 East Mande 
 Samo–Busa 

Samo languages

Busa  languages 

Busa–Boko

Shanga–Tyenga

Bissa

Vydrin (2009) places San (Samo) with Bisa.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Schreiber, Henning. 2008. Eine historische Phonologie der Niger-Volta-Sprachen: Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der Sprachgeschichte der östlichen Ost-Mandesprachen (Mande Languages and Linguistics 7). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.
  2. ↑ Heine, Bernd; Nurse, Derek, eds. (2000). African languages : an introduction. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521661781. OCLC 42810789.
  3. ↑ Valentin, Vydrin. On the problem of the Proto-Mande homeland (PDF). OCLC 798912747.


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