Ed Bowes is a filmmaker, writer, and director who pioneered the use of video as cinema. The first person to make a feature-length film in video, he used poets, musicians, artists, video- and filmmakers as performers in films such as Romance (1975) and Better, Stronger (1978–79). As a result of the notice given to his camera work, Bowes began his long career as a cinematographer for filmmakers and video artists including Kathryn Bigelow, Lizzie Borden, Vito Acconci, and Robert Longo, among others. In the 1970s, he was instrumental in creating early exhibitions of video art at MoMA, The Kitchen, and other Downtown New York venues. He taught advanced filmmaking for more than three decades at the School of Visual Arts, where he influenced several generations of contemporary filmmakers. His work is in the collection of The Museum of Modern Art, New York,^[1] and Moderna Museet in Stockholm, Sweden.^[2] It is also represented in The Kitchen Archive at The Getty Research Institute^[3] and the Long Beach Museum of Art Video Archive.^[4]

Early life and education

After two years at Le Moyne College in Syracuse, NY, Ed Bowes decided to pursue filmmaking and transferred to The New School for Social Research in New York City. Bowes’ first job was as an assistant to filmmaker and photographer Arnold Eagle on projects with artist and filmmaker Hans Richter, and photographers Cornell Capa, Gjon Mili, and Philippe Halsman. He started working in films as an assistant editor on Paper Lion and unit manager on Alice’s Restaurant and A New Leaf.^[5] He also worked on the development and line production of Jacques Levi's projected adaptation of Abbie Hoffman's Revolution for the Hell of It and Hillard Elkins’ staging of A Doll’s House.^[6]

Work

In the 1970s, Bowes began working independently. He showed poet Bernadette Mayer how to use a 35mm camera.^[7] In 1970, they wrote the screenplay Fast Food,^[8] and she produced Memory,^[9] her photographic diary of a month in their lives, in July of 1971. Bowes and Mayer went on to make the videos Sexless and matter in 1973.^[10] Then, with poet Clark Coolidge, Bowes made the number of, niggle, and headland in 1974.^[11][6] These videos were screened at the Holly Solomon Gallery in the first exhibition of Ed Bowes’ work that same year.

In 1975, when invited to produce a radio play for the Audio-Experimental Theatre on WBAI FM—in a series that included Meredith Monk, Helen Adam, Vito Acconci, John Cage, Philip Glass, Joan Jonas, Yvonne Rainer, Robert Wilson, and Richard Foreman—Bowes returned to a previous subject and broadcast Sexless/Half a Family, featuring a large cast from the arts community.^[12][13]

In 1975, Bowes focused on Romance (156 min), his major feature film, which he wrote, produced and directed.^[14] Romance was the first feature-length fictional narrative made in video.^[15] In it, Bowes used cinema craft and technique to shadow and subvert the structure and content of conventional narrative fiction—for example, casting a woman, Karen Achenbach, as the lead male character. The film concludes in a final, highly choreographed, 20-minute single take. Romance premiered with a four-night screening at The Kitchen, and was also televised on WNYC.^[16]

Bowes, Ed,  Better, Stronger. Poster from a performance at The Kitchen, March 31, 1979. Image courtesy of The Kitchen and Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles (2014.M.6)

In the same spirit of experimentation, Ed Bowes wrote, directed and produced his next three feature films: Better, Stronger (1978),^[17] How to Fly (1980)^[18] and Spitting Glass (1990).^[19] He drew his cast from the arts community, including  Vito Acconci, Mary Barnan, Elizabeth Cannon, Joan Schwartz, Karen Achenbach, Gregor Hornyak, James Dagliesh, Ed Friedman, Phil O’Reilly, Rochelle Kraut, Kenny Goodman, Donald Munroe, Richard Tiernan, Anne Troy, Charles Ruas, Juris Jurjevics, Robert Longo, John McNulty, Cindy Sherman, Eric Bogosian, Rosie Hall and Ed's brother, Tom Bowes, among others.

Better, Stronger was a great success, shown in New York City at The Kitchen and MoMA, and screened in venues across Europe and the United States, including the U.S. Film Festival. When it was televised on WNET’s The TV Lab in 1979, it received the highest ratings of the year. Sound was by Robert Longo.

With How to Fly in 1980, Bowes abandoned plot entirely, finding other forms of structure.^[20] He wanted to show that stories do not have to obsessively organize and explain data, and that television’s hundreds of simultaneous, fragmented narratives—news, fiction, commercials, sports, etc.—had prepared audiences for this new type of structure.

In 1989–90, Bowes made the video feature Spitting Glass,^[19] a story about the life of a young academic starring Rosie Hall. A large part of the story takes place in the liminal areas of her consciousness. The film was produced by Amy Taubin. Costumes were by Nicole Miller. The film was commissioned by and played on Channel Four in England and on public TV throughout the United States, where it was broadcast in the 1990 season of “New Television” via WGBH/WNET. The film was featured at the Berlin Film Festival.^[21]

From the 1970s through the 1980s, Ed Bowes worked closely with his brother Tom Bowes, Video Director and a curator at The Kitchen, an experimental artist collective.^[22] Together they were instrumental in making this downtown gallery into a center for video art, with live video performances, screenings of single-channel video works, dance, and multimedia installations. Simultaneously, he supported Barbara London’s work in developing video art exhibitions at MoMA.^[23] To meet the demands of  his own work, he created Walsung, a production company that gathered a loose organization of friends and collaborators. In 1985, Bowes and Walsung produced Beyond the Sound of Music, a documentary on Austrian musicians in New York, commissioned by ORF in Vienna for Austrian national television.

Meanwhile, Bowes’ innovation in Romance had made him much in-demand as a cinematographer, leading to a long career collaborating with other filmmakers and video artists. In 1976/77, he was the cinematographer for Vito Acconci's The Red Tapes.^[24] This was followed by his work on Kathryn Bigelow’s cult film The Set-Up in 1978.^[25] He assisted his brother, Tom Bowes, on Bill T. Jones’s “21” in 1983.^[26] Ed Bowes also worked closely with Lizzie Borden on her feminist milestone, Born in Flames in 1983; in addition to being a co-screenwriter and the cinematographer, he worked with Borden regularly on the editing of the film.^[27] He was production executive and cinematographer on director Matthew Geller’s Everglades City in 1985.^[28] In 1987, he acted a key role in Sheila McLaughlin’s controversial lesbian feminist film She Must Be Seeing Things.^[29]

In 1986, Ed Bowes was cinematographer for The Kitchen’s landmark multidisciplinary television production Two Moon July, directed by Tom Bowes and featuring many pioneers of performance and the new media, including Laurie Anderson, David Byrne, Brian Eno, Philip Glass, Bill T. Jones, and Cindy Sherman.^[30]

In 1980, Ed Bowes accepted a position at the School of Visual Arts, as both an instructor and a member of the B.F.A. thesis committee. From 1992–99, Bowes developed a video major in the MFA Photography and Video department at SVA. He was awarded the Distinguished Artist-Teacher Award.

The year after the fall of the Berlin Wall, in 1990, Bowes’ summer breaks became dedicated to work with the Soros Open Society Foundation, which called on him to focus on the development of news services in television stations of Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain. This involved training local newscasters and news programmers in the principles of free journalism, as well as technical issues like editing, storage, and information technology. Over the course of five summers, he worked in Bosnia (Sarajevo), Kazakhstan, Russia (Moscow), Armenia, Croatia (Zagreb) and Macedonia. Ed Bowes also worked for Internews, which was supported by the Rockefeller Foundation and the United States government. In this capacity, he unexpectedly found himself in the position to help negotiate the funding for equipment for television stations in Sarajevo.

After his assignments with the Open Society Foundation and Internews, Bowes began to spend his summers in Boulder, Colorado, working within the artistic community of the Naropa University Summer Writing Program and the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics. He regularly showed his work at the University of Colorado, Boulder and the Boulder Public Library, and worked with Free Speech News.^[31]

Ed Bowes returned to his own feature filmmaking with Picture Book (2001–03), in which he initiated the use of photographs, often influenced by paintings, to add emotional and dramatic content to the texts that ran throughout the film.^[32] The film premiered at Lincoln Center.

In 2003, Bowes began a series of short video projects with Anne Waldman, an active member of the Outrider experimental poetry movement. There are seven to date, including La Jolie Russe, after a poem by Apollinaire (2003);^[33] Menage (2004), based on a poem by Carl Rakosi;^[34] Colors in the Mechanism of Concealment (2004), based on a poem by Waldman;^[35] Tanks Under Trees (2007), made for a performance by choreographer Douglas Dunn;^[36] The Age of the Velocipede (2007)^[37] and GRRHH: A Tribute to Michael McClure (2009), both collaborations with the poet Lisa Jarnot; and Screen Screen Text (2010).^[38]

Then with Flip, in 2006, Bowes explored disjunction in relationships.^[39] This began a series of works that, in his words, “experiment with the relationships between word and image, idea and feeling.”^[6] Bowes released his ninth film, Against the Slope of Social Speech in 2008.^[40] It is a work about our ideas of death, about language and speech, sexual intimacy, and the way we encounter narrative and create it out of the things we observe.

Entanglement (2009), co-written with Anne Waldman, directly addresses cognition, desire, sensation, and the screen’s representation of bodies and objects in space.^[41] Four actors explore telepathic connectedness in isolation. The Value of Small Skeletons (2010–2011) is an exploration of time and consciousness, describing the world, relationships, and imagination of a character named Merit. Following this, Bowes created a portrait that is a tribute to the late poet Akilah Oliver in the short film, Akilah Oliver: 3 Readings (2011).^[42]

Referring to the painterly term, Grisaille (2013) opens with an archival recording of the poet Robert Duncan and features performances by five interrelated women “presenters.”^[43] They exist in a mysterious landscape of texture, shapes and color.

In Gold Hill (2015), Bowes focused on a series of performances by poets Eva Sikelianos Hunt, Uli Miller, Britt Ford, Toni Oswald, Jade Lascelles, Amy Millennor and Mia Farago-Iwamasa.^[44] He continued featuring poetic presentations in Seahorse Powder Room (2018), in which Serena Chopra, Uli Miller, Patrick Pethybridge and Steven Taylor perform unscripted texts.^[45]

His current project, A Punch in the Gut of a Star, was filmed in 2020 during the pandemic. Set in Colorado and based on a text by Anne Waldman and the Catalan-American poet Emma Gomis, it is centered on the dreamy, poetic pod they formed together during this enigmatic time. Projected for release in 2024.

List of Works

References

External links

• About Ed Bowes, edbowes.com
• Ed Bowes list of works at Electronic Arts Intermix
• The Kitchen Archive at The Getty Research Institute
• Ed Bowes & Joan Schuman, "Why Conversation," Trickhouse