Tsuburaya on his shooting crane in 1934

Eiji Tsuburaya (1901–1970) was a Japanese special effects director and filmmaker who worked on roughly 250 films throughout his five-decade career.[1] Having pioneered and popularized the special effects sector of the Japanese film industry, he is popularly known as the "Father of Tokusatsu".[2][lower-alpha 1] Tsuburaya started his career in the Japanese film industry as a cinematographer for several successful dramas and jidaigeki (Japanese historical drama) films in the early 1920s.[4] His directorial debut was the propaganda documentary film Three Thousand Miles Across the Equator, which he filmed in the Pacific Ocean on the Asama for most of 1935. Following the completion of photography on this film, he worked as the cinematographer and had his debut as special effects director on Princess Kaguya (1935). It was one of Japan's first major productions to feature special effects.[5][6] The next year, Tsuburaya made his dramatic directorial debut with the release of Folk Song Collection: Oichi of Torioi Village and had substantial success staging the special effects for Arnold Fanck's The Daughter of the Samurai (released 1937).[7]

Tsuburaya left his job in Kyoto and moved to Tokyo in order to form the newly-established company Toho's special effects division in late 1937. The following year, he was assigned to create effects for The Abe Clan and directed and filmed the unreleased propaganda musical The Song of Major Nanjo; two years later, he directed and shot the documentary motion picture entitled The Imperial Way of Japan and shot the war film Navy Bomber Squadron.[8] In 1942, Tsuburaya supervised the effects for the Kajirō Yamamoto-directed war epic The War at Sea from Hawaii to Malaya, which became the highest-grossing Japanese film in history.[9] His efforts were regarded as a significant factor in its major critical and commercial success and earned him the Technical Research Award from the Japan Motion Picture Cinematographers Association.[10][11] Tsuburaya was purged from employment at Toho by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in 1948.[12][8] He created his own independent effects company and worked on films by other major film companies, including Daiei Film's The Invisible Man Appears (1949), which was Japan's first science fiction film. Tsuburaya returned to Toho in 1950, and subsequently worked on their films Escape at Dawn (1950), The Lady of Musashino (1951), The Skin of the South, and The Man Who Came to Port (both 1952), Eagle of the Pacific (1953), and Farewell Rabaul (1954), with the latter four being his first collaborations with director Ishirō Honda.[13]

In 1954, Tsuburaya directed the special effects for Hiroshi Inagaki's jidaigeki epic Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto and Honda's kaiju film Godzilla. For the latter major critically and commercially successful film, he achieved his first Japan Technical Award for Special Skill and attained international recognition.[14][15] Two years later, he directed the effects for Shirō Toyoda's The Legend of the White Serpent and Honda's Rodan,[16] with Rodan winning him his second Japan Technical Award.[14] In response to recent popular alien invasion science fiction films, Toho assigned Tsuburaya to direct the effects for Honda's big-budget epic The Mysterians (1956) and he won another Japan Technical Award for his work.[17] Three years later, Tsuburaya earned another Japan Technical Award for his effects on Inagaki's $1 million[18] epic The Three Treasures.[14] Later, he worked on the tremendously successful tokusatsu films: Mothra, The Last War (both 1961), King Kong vs. Godzilla, and Chūshingura: Hana no Maki, Yuki no Maki (both 1962). In 1963, he earned the Japan Technical Award for his special effects work on The Lost World of Sinbad;[14] the following year he made the effects for Honda's Mothra vs. Godzilla, often regarded as his best kaiju film.[19] Also that year, he began preproduction on his recently-founded company's first series that aired on Japanese television in 1966, under the title Ultra Q, and created the special effects for Frank Sinatra's war epic None but the Brave.[20] His efforts on the 1965 war film Retreat from Kiska won him another Japan Technical Award for Special Skill and he gained the same award the following year for the same position in Honda's Invasion of Astro-Monster (also 1965).[14]

Because Ultra Q was a tremendous success during its release, Tsuburaya moved on to develop and supervise a follow-up titled Ultraman.[21] Ultraman was broadcast from 1966 to 1967 and was even more successful than its predecessor. These programs spanned a franchise that is still majorly popular and ongoing today.[20] After working on Honda's influential kaiju film The War of the Gargantuas (1966),[22] he began being credited as the "special effects supervisor" on the Godzilla films and continued receiving this credit until Destroy All Monsters (1968).[23] His final official theatrical film credit, the Seiji Maruyama-directed war epic Battle of the Japan Sea, was released in August 1969 and became the second-highest-grossing Japanese film of 1969;[24] he received a ceremonial title as effects director on Honda's All Monsters Attack later that year. In December of the same year, he completed work on Birth of the Japanese Islands, an audiovisual exhibit for the Expo '70.[25] Tsuburaya planned to work on Space Amoeba, Japan Airplane Guy, and Princess Kaguya, but died in Itō, Shizuoka on January 25, 1970, a day before his scheduled return to Tokyo to begin work on the projects.[26][2]

Film

Film work by Eiji Tsuburaya
Year Title Credited as Notes Ref(s)
Special effects
director		 Cinematographer Director Special effects
supervisor
1919 A Tune of Pity[lower-alpha 2] No Assistant No No [27]
1920 Tombs of the Island[lower-alpha 3] No Assistant No No
1925 The Hunchback of Enmei'in Temple[lower-alpha 4] No Yes No No [28][29]
1926 A Page of Madness[lower-alpha 5] No Assistant No No [30]
1927 Children's Swordplay[lower-alpha 6] No Yes No No [29]
The Bat Copybook[lower-alpha 7] No Yes No No
Mad Blade Under the Moon[lower-alpha 8] No Yes No No
Record of the Tragic Swords of the Tenpo Era[lower-alpha 9] No Yes No No
1928 Sayamaro the Thief[lower-alpha 10] No Yes No No
1929 Light and Shadow[lower-alpha 11] No Yes No No
A Tale of the Occult[lower-alpha 12] No Yes No No
1930 Sanji, the Wild Fox[lower-alpha 13] No Yes No No
1931 A Wolf Howls in the Blizzard[lower-alpha 14] No Yes No No
1932 Fierce Attack at Takadanobaba[lower-alpha 15] No Yes No No
Ghost Story: The Book of Evening Calm[lower-alpha 16] No Yes No No
1933 Drizzle in Gion[lower-alpha 17] No Yes No No
1934 Astaro Descends Mt. Akagi[lower-alpha 18] No Yes No No [31]
Fusaemon Araki: Lord of Iga[lower-alpha 19] No Yes No No
1935 The Chorus of a Million[lower-alpha 20] No Yes No No [32][31]
Princess Kaguya[lower-alpha 21] Yes Yes No No [33][31]
1936 Three Thousand Miles Across the Equator[lower-alpha 22] No Yes Yes No Documentary [34]
Folk Song Collection: Oichi of Torioi Village[lower-alpha 23] No No Yes No [31]
1937 The Daughter of the Samurai[lower-alpha 24] Yes No No No [35][36]
1938 The Abe Clan[lower-alpha 25] Yes No No No [31]
The Song of Major Nangō[lower-alpha 26] No Yes Yes No Unreleased
1940 The Imperial Way of Japan[lower-alpha 27] No Yes Yes No
Navy Bomber Squadron[lower-alpha 28] Yes No No No
The Burning Sky[lower-alpha 29] Yes No No No [37]
Son Gokū[lower-alpha 30] No Special effects No No Two-part film; with Bunshiro Okuno [38]
1941 Moon Over Shanghai[lower-alpha 31] Yes No No No [31]
1942 Bouquet for the South Pacific[lower-alpha 32] Yes No No No
Koharu's Play[lower-alpha 33] Yes No No No [39]
War Song of the Wings[lower-alpha 34] Yes No No No [31]
The War at Sea from Hawaii to Malaya[lower-alpha 35] Yes No No No [35]
Ramayana[lower-alpha 36] No No No No Scripting supervisor [40]
1943 The Opium War[lower-alpha 37] Yes No No No [31]
World of Love: The Story of Windcat Tomi[lower-alpha 38] Yes No No No [41]
Marching Music Force[lower-alpha 39] Yes No No No [42]
The Story of Heiroku's Dream[lower-alpha 40] Yes No No No
Watchtower Suicide Squad[lower-alpha 41] Yes No No No
Military Song of the Morning Mist[lower-alpha 42] Yes No No No
Man[lower-alpha 43] Yes No No No [43]
Toward the Decisive Battle in the Sky[lower-alpha 44] Yes No No No [31]
Diary of a Drifting Boy[lower-alpha 45] Yes No No No [43]
Hot Wind[lower-alpha 46] Yes No No No
Forward with the Flag of Independence[lower-alpha 47] Yes No No No
Naniwabushi Recitation Chushingura[lower-alpha 48] Yes No No No [44]
1944 Fire on that Flag![lower-alpha 49] Yes No No No [44]
Kato's Falcon Fighters Squadron[lower-alpha 50] Yes No No No [35][45]
Four Weddings[lower-alpha 51] Yes No No No [45]
Bomber Squadron, Move Out[lower-alpha 52] Yes No No No
1945 Until the Day of Victory[lower-alpha 53] Yes No No No [46]
Three People of the North[lower-alpha 54] Yes No No No
Five Men from Tokyo[lower-alpha 55] Yes No No No [45]
1946 The Descendants of Taro Urashima[lower-alpha 56] Yes No No No
An Enemy of the People[lower-alpha 57] Yes No No No [46]
Lord for a Night[lower-alpha 58] Yes No No No [45]
1947 A Thousand and One Nights with Toho[lower-alpha 59] Yes No No No
1948 A Moonflower in Heaven[lower-alpha 60] Yes No No No
Gate of Flesh[lower-alpha 61] Yes No No No
A Woman in a Typhoon Area[lower-alpha 62] Yes No No No
The Bandit of Moonlight Castle[lower-alpha 63] Yes No No No
1949
The White-Haired Fiend[lower-alpha 64] Yes No No No [45]
Flowers of Raccoon Palace[lower-alpha 65] Yes No No No
The Rainbow Man[lower-alpha 66] Yes No No No Uncredited;
with Tatsuyuki Yokota		 [47]
The Ghost Train[lower-alpha 67] Yes No No No [45]
My Name is Mistress[lower-alpha 68] Yes No No No [48]
The Invisible Man Appears[lower-alpha 69] Yes No No No [45]
1950 Escape at Dawn[lower-alpha 70] Yes No No No [49]
Listen to the Voices of the Sea[lower-alpha 71] Yes No No No [45]
Kojirō Sasaki: Part One[lower-alpha 72] Yes No No No
1951 Beyond Love and Hate[lower-alpha 73] Yes No No No
Pirate Ship[lower-alpha 74] Yes No No No
The Lady of Musashino[lower-alpha 75] Yes No No No
1952 The Skin of the South[lower-alpha 76] Yes No No No
Hakone Fuunroku[lower-alpha 77] No Special effects No No [48]
The Man Who Came to Port[lower-alpha 78] Yes No No No
1953 The Tower of Lilies[lower-alpha 79] Yes No No No [50]
The Sunday That Jumped Out[lower-alpha 80] No Yes No No With Jun Yasumoto
Beyond the Clouds[lower-alpha 81] Yes No No No
Anatahan[lower-alpha 82] Yes No No No
What Is Your Name?[lower-alpha 83] Yes No No No [51]
Eagle of the Pacific[lower-alpha 84] Yes No No No [52]
What Is Your Name? Part II[lower-alpha 85] Yes No No No [51]
1954 Farewell Rabaul[lower-alpha 86] Yes No No No [53]
What Is Your Name? Part III[lower-alpha 87] Yes No No No [51]
And Thus the Liberty Bell Rang[lower-alpha 88] Yes No No No [54]
Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto[lower-alpha 89] Yes No No No [55][50]
Godzilla[lower-alpha 90] Yes No No No [56]
The Invisible Avenger[lower-alpha 91] Yes Yes No No [57]
1955 Godzilla Raids Again[lower-alpha 92] Yes No No No [58]
Half Human[lower-alpha 93] Yes No No No [59]
Ginrin[lower-alpha 94] Yes No No No [55]
1956 The Maiden Courtesan[lower-alpha 95] Yes No No No [60]
The Legend of the White Serpent[lower-alpha 96] Yes No No No [61]
Jun'ai[lower-alpha 97] Yes No No No [60]
Rodan[lower-alpha 98] Yes No No No [62]
1957 Throne of Blood[lower-alpha 99] Yes No No No Uncredited [63][64]
The Paradise Island Story[lower-alpha 100] Yes No No No [60]
The Mysterians[lower-alpha 101] Yes No No No [65]
1958 The H-Man[lower-alpha 102] Yes No No No [66]
Varan the Unbelievable[lower-alpha 103] Yes No No No [67]
The Hidden Fortress[lower-alpha 104] Yes No No No Uncredited [63]
1959 Inao: Story of an Iron Arm[lower-alpha 105] Yes No No No [68]
Monkey Sun[lower-alpha 106] Yes No No No Remake of Son Gokū
(1940)		 [69]
Submarine I-57 Will Not Surrender[lower-alpha 107] Yes No No No [70]
The Three Treasures[lower-alpha 108] Yes No No No [71]
Battle in Outer Space[lower-alpha 109] Yes No No No [72]
1960 The Secret of the Telegian[lower-alpha 110] Yes No No No [73]
Storm Over the Pacific[lower-alpha 111] Yes No No No [63]
The Human Vapor[lower-alpha 112] Yes No No No [74]
1961 The Story of Osaka Castle[lower-alpha 113] Yes No No No [63]
Mothra[lower-alpha 114] Yes No No No [75]
Blood on the Sea[lower-alpha 115] Yes No No No [76]
The Youth and His Amulet[lower-alpha 116] Yes No No No [63]
The Last War[lower-alpha 117] Yes No No No [77]
1962 The Crimson Sky[lower-alpha 118] Yes No No No [78]
Gorath[lower-alpha 119] Yes No No No [79]
The Big Wave[lower-alpha 120] Yes No No No Completed in 1961 [80]
King Kong vs. Godzilla[lower-alpha 121] Yes No No No [81]
The Story of Shim Cheong[lower-alpha 122] Yes No No No [82]
Chūshingura:
Hana no Maki, Yuki no Maki[lower-alpha 123]		 Yes No No No Uncredited [83]
1963 Attack Squadron![lower-alpha 124] Yes No No No [84]
The Love Eterne[lower-alpha 125] Yes No No No [85][86]
Legacy of the 500,000[lower-alpha 126] Yes No No No [78]
The Siege of Fort Bismarck[lower-alpha 127] Yes No No No
Matango[lower-alpha 128] Yes No No No [87]
The Lost World of Sinbad[lower-alpha 129] Yes No No No [88]
Atragon[lower-alpha 130] Yes No No No [89]
1964 Whirlwind[lower-alpha 131] Yes No No No [90]
Mothra vs. Godzilla[lower-alpha 132] Yes No No No [91]
The Rabble[lower-alpha 133] Yes No No No [78]
Dogora[lower-alpha 134] Yes No No No [92]
Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster[lower-alpha 135] Yes No No No [93]
1965 None but the Brave[lower-alpha 136] Yes No No No [35]
Retreat from Kiska[lower-alpha 137] Yes No No No [94]
Frankenstein vs. Baragon[lower-alpha 138] Yes No No No [95]
The Crazy Adventure[lower-alpha 139] Yes No No No [96]
Invasion of Astro-Monster[lower-alpha 140] Yes No No No [97]
1966 The Adventure in Taklamakan[lower-alpha 141] Yes No No No Uncredited [98]
Zero Fighter[lower-alpha 142] Yes No No No
The War of the Gargantuas[lower-alpha 143] Yes No No No [22]
Ebirah, Horror of the Deep[lower-alpha 144] Yes No No No [99]
1967 King Kong Escapes[lower-alpha 145] Yes No No No [79]
Ultraman: Monster Movie Feature[lower-alpha 146] No No No No Supervisor [99]
Son of Godzilla[lower-alpha 147] No No No Yes [100]
1968 Destroy All Monsters[lower-alpha 148] No No No Yes [101]
Admiral Yamamoto[lower-alpha 149] Yes No No No [98]
1969 The Crazy Cats' Big Explosion[lower-alpha 150] No No No Yes Uncredited [98]
Latitude Zero[lower-alpha 151] Yes No No No [94]
Battle of the Japan Sea[lower-alpha 152] Yes No No No
All Monsters Attack[lower-alpha 153] No No No Yes Also participated
in editing		 [102][103]
1970 Birth of the Japanese Islands[lower-alpha 154] Yes No No No Produced in 1969 [25]

Television

Television work by Eiji Tsuburaya
Year Title Credited as Notes Ref(s)
Supervisor
1957 Ninja Arts of Sanada Castle[lower-alpha 155] Special
effects		 [104]
1959–1960 Mighty Atom[lower-alpha 156] Special
effects		 Uncredited [105]
1960 Everyone's Occupation[lower-alpha 157] No Himself; episode "Video Magician: Special Skills Director"[lower-alpha 158] [106]
1962 Japanese Standards[lower-alpha 159] No Himself; May 15 episode [82]
1966 Ultra Q[lower-alpha 160] Yes Also producer [107]
Modern Leaders[lower-alpha 161] No Himself; episode, "The Father of Ultra Q"[lower-alpha 162] [108]
1966–1967 Ultraman[lower-alpha 163] Yes Also developer [21]
1967–1968 Ultraseven[lower-alpha 164] Yes [109]
1968 Mighty Jack[lower-alpha 165] Yes
Fight! Mighty Jack[lower-alpha 166] Yes [110]
Operation: Mystery![lower-alpha 167] Yes
1973 Horror Theater Unbalance[lower-alpha 168] Yes Produced in 1969 [111]

Notes

  1. ↑ 特撮の父, Tokusatsu no Chichi, lit. 'Father of special effects'.[3]
  2. ↑ 哀の曲, Awaremi no Kyoku
  3. ↑ 島の塚, Shima no Tsuka
  4. ↑ 延命院の傴僂男, Enmei'in no Semushi Otoko
  5. ↑ 狂った一頁, Kurutta Ichipēji
  6. ↑ 稚児の剱法, Chingo no Kenpō
  7. ↑ 蝙蝠草紙, Komori Zoshi
  8. ↑ 月下の狂刃, Gekka no Kyōba
  9. ↑ 天保悲剣録, Tenpo Hiken-roku
  10. ↑ 怪盗沙弥麿, Kaitou Sayamaro
  11. ↑ 明暗, Meian
  12. ↑ 妖魔綺譚, Youma Kitan
  13. ↑ 野狐三次, Nogitsune Sanji
  14. ↑ 吹雪に叫ぶ狼, Fubuki-ni Sakebu Okami
  15. ↑ 猛襲高田の馬場, Mōshū Takada nobaba
  16. ↑ 怪談 ゆうなぎ草紙, Kaidan Yuunagi Zoshi
  17. ↑ 祇園しぐれ, Gion Shigure
  18. ↑ 浅太郎赤城颪, Asataro Akagi Oroshi
  19. ↑ 荒木又右衛門 天下の伊賀越, Araki Fusaemon Tenka no Iga Goe
  20. ↑ 百万人の合唱, Hakku-Man'nin no Gassho
  21. ↑ かぐや姫, Kaguya-hime
  22. ↑ 赤道越えて, Sekidō Koete lit. 'Across the Equator'
  23. ↑ 小唄磯鳥追お市, Koutareki Torioi Oichi
  24. ↑ 新しき土, Atarashiki Tsuchi lit. 'The New Earth'. German: Die Tochter des Samurai
  25. ↑ 阿部一族, Abe Ichizoku
  26. ↑ 嗚呼南郷少佐, Aa Nangō Shōsa lit. 'Ah, Major Nangō'
  27. ↑ 皇道日本, Kodo Nippon
  28. ↑ 海軍爆撃隊, Kaigun Bakugeki-tai
  29. ↑ 燃ゆる大空, Moyuru ōzora
  30. ↑ 孫悟空 lit. 'Son Wukong'
  31. ↑ 上海の月, Shanghai no tsuki
  32. ↑ 南海の花束, Nankai no Hanabata
  33. ↑ 小春狂言, Koharu kyōgen
  34. ↑ 翼の凱歌, Tsubasa no Gaika
  35. ↑ ハワイ・マレー沖海戦, Hawai Marē Oki Kaisen
  36. ↑ ラーマーヤナ, Rāmāyana
  37. ↑ 阿片戦争, Ahen sensō
  38. ↑ 愛の世界 山猫とみの話, Ai no Sekai Yamaneko Tomi no Hanashi
  39. ↑ 音楽大進軍, Ongaku Daishingun
  40. ↑ 兵六夢物語, Heiroku Yume Monogatari
  41. ↑ 望楼の決死隊, Bōrō no Kesshi-tai
  42. ↑ あさぎり軍歌, Asagiri gunka
  43. ↑ 男, Otoko
  44. ↑ 決戦の大空へ, Kessen no ōzora he
  45. ↑ 少年漂流記, Shōnen hyōryū-ki
  46. ↑ 熱風, Nepū
  47. ↑ 進め独立旗, Susume dokuritsu hata
  48. ↑ 浪曲忠臣蔵, Rōkyoku Chūshingura
  49. ↑ あの旗を撃て, Ano hata o ute
  50. ↑ 加藤隼戦闘隊, Katō Hayabusa sentōtai
  51. ↑ 四つの結婚, Yottsu no kekkon
  52. ↑ 雷撃隊出動, Raigeki-tai Shutsudō
  53. ↑ 勝利の日まで, Shōri no Himade
  54. ↑ 北の三人, Kita no San'nin
  55. ↑ 東京五人男, Tōkyō go-ri Otoko
  56. ↑ 浦島太郎の後裔, Urashima Tarō no kōei
  57. ↑ 民衆の敵, Minshū no teki
  58. ↑ 或る夜の殿様, Aru yoru no Tonosama
  59. ↑ 東宝千一夜, Toho senichi-ya
  60. ↑ 天の夕顔, Ten no yūgao
  61. ↑ 肉体の門, Nikutai no mon
  62. ↑ 颱風圏の女, Taifuunken no Onna
  63. ↑ 月光城の盗賊, Gekkō-jō no Tōzoku
  64. ↑ 白髪鬼, Shiraga oni
  65. ↑ 花くらべ狸御殿, Hana Kurabe Tanuki Goten
  66. ↑ 虹男, Niji Otoko
  67. ↑ 幽霊列車, Yūrei Ressha
  68. ↑ わたしの名は情婦, Watashi no Na wa Jōfu
  69. ↑ 透明人間現わる, Tōmei Ningen Arawaru
  70. ↑ 暁の脱走, Akatsuki no Dassō
  71. ↑ 日本戦歿学生の手記 きけ、わだつみの声, Nippon senbotsu gakusei no shuki: Kike wadatsumi no koe lit. 'Notes from Fallen Japanese Student Soldiers: Listen to the Voices from the Sea'
  72. ↑ 佐々木小次郎(第一部), Sasaki Kojirō (Dai'ichibu)
  73. ↑ 愛と憎しみの彼方へ, Ai to Nikushimi no Kanata-e
  74. ↑ 海賊船, Kaizoku-sen
  75. ↑ 武蔵野夫人, Musashino fujin
  76. ↑ 南国の肌, Nangoku no hada
  77. ↑ 箱根風雲録, Hakone Fūunroku
  78. ↑ 港へ来た男, Minato e Kita Otoko
  79. ↑ ひめゆりの塔, Himeyuri no Tō
  80. ↑ 飛び出した日曜日, Tobidashita Nichiyōbi
  81. ↑ 雲ながるる果てに, Kumo nagaruru hate-ni
  82. ↑ アナタハン
  83. ↑ 君の名は, Kimi no na wa
  84. ↑ 太平洋の鷲, Taiheiyo no washi
  85. ↑ 君の名は 第二部, Kimi no na wa Dainibu
  86. ↑ さらばラバウル, Saraba Rabauru
  87. ↑ 君の名は 第三部, Kimi no na wa Daisanbu
  88. ↑ かくて自由の鐘は鳴る, Kakute jiyū no kane wa naru
  89. ↑ 宮本武蔵, Miyamoto Musashi
  90. ↑ ゴジラ, Gojira
  91. ↑ 透明人間, Tomei Ningen lit. 'The Invisible Man'
  92. ↑ ゴジラの逆襲, Gojira no Gyakushū lit. 'Godzilla's Counterattack'
  93. ↑ 獣人雪男, Jūjin Yuki Otoko lit. 'Beast-Man Snow-Man'
  94. ↑ 銀輪 lit. 'Silver Ring'
  95. ↑ 乱菊物語, Rangiku Monogatari lit. 'A Tale of Rangiku'
  96. ↑ 白夫人の妖恋, Byaku fujin no yōren lit. 'The Love of Madame White'
  97. ↑ 殉愛, Jun'ai
  98. ↑ 空の大怪獣 ラドン, Sora no Daikaijū Radon lit. 'Giant Monster of the Sky: Radon'
  99. ↑ 蜘蛛巣城, Kumonosu-jō lit. 'The Castle of Spider's Web'
  100. ↑ 極楽島物語, Gokuraku-tō Monogatari
  101. ↑ 地球防衛軍, Chikyū Bōeigun lit. 'Earth Defense Force'
  102. ↑ 美女と液体人間, Bijo to Ekitai-ningen lit. 'Beauty and the Liquid People'
  103. ↑ 大怪獣バラン, Daikaijū Baran lit. 'Giant Monster Varan'
  104. ↑ 隠し砦の三悪人, Kakushi Toride no San Akunin lit. 'The Three Villains of the Hidden Fortress'
  105. ↑ 鉄腕投手 稲尾物語, Tetsuwan Tōshu Inao Monogatari
  106. ↑ 孫悟空, Son Gokū lit. 'Sun Wukong'
  107. ↑ 潜水艦イ-57降伏せず, Sensuikan I-57 kofuku sezu
  108. ↑ 日本誕生, Nippon Tanjō lit. 'The Birth of Japan'
  109. ↑ 宇宙大戦争, Uchū Daisensō lit. 'The Great Space War'
  110. ↑ 電送人間, Densō Ningen lit. 'The Electrically Transmitted Man'
  111. ↑ ハワイ・ミッドウェイ大海空戦 太平洋の嵐, Hawai Middouei daikaikusen: Taiheiyo no arashi lit. 'Hawaii-Midway Battle of the Sea and Sky: Storm in the Pacific Ocean'
  112. ↑ ガス人間第1号, Gasu Ningen Daiichigō lit. 'Gas Man No. 1'
  113. ↑ 大坂城物語, Ōsaka-jō Monogatari
  114. ↑ モスラ, Mosura
  115. ↑ 紅の海, Kurenai no umi lit. 'The Crimson Sea'
  116. ↑ ゲンと不動明王, Gen to Fudōmyōh lit. 'Gen and Fudōmyōh'
  117. ↑ 世界大戦争, Sekai Daisensō, lit. 'The Great World War''
  118. ↑ 紅の空, Kurenai no Sora
  119. ↑ 妖星ゴラス, Yōsei Gorasu lit. 'Ominous Star Gorath'
  120. ↑ 大津波, Daitsunami lit. 'The Giant Tsunami'
  121. ↑ キングコング対ゴジラ, Kingu Kongu tai Gojira
  122. ↑ 대심청전, Dae Sim Cheong-jeon
  123. ↑ 忠臣蔵 花の巻 雪の巻 lit. 'Chushingura: Story of Flower, Story of Snow'
  124. ↑ 太平洋の翼, Taiheiyō no Tsubasa lit. 'Wings of the Pacific'
  125. ↑ 梁山伯與祝英台, lit. 'Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai'
  126. ↑ 五十万人の遺産, Gojuman-nin no Isan
  127. ↑ 青島要塞爆撃命令, Chintao yōsai bakugeki meirei
  128. ↑ マタンゴ
  129. ↑ 大盗賊, Daitōzoku lit. 'The Great Thief'
  130. ↑ 海底軍艦, Kaitei Gunkan lit. 'The Undersea Warship'
  131. ↑ 士魂魔道 大竜巻, Shikonmado Daitatsumaki
  132. ↑ モスラ対ゴジラ, Mosura tai Gojira
  133. ↑ がらくた, Garakuta
  134. ↑ 宇宙大怪獣ドゴラ, Uchū Daikaijū Dogora lit. 'Giant Space Monster Dogora'
  135. ↑ 三大怪獣 地球最大の決戦, San Daikaijū: Chikyū Saidai no Kessen lit. 'Three Giant Monsters: Earth's Greatest Battle'
  136. ↑ 勇者のみ, Yūsha Nomi lit. 'Only the Brave'
  137. ↑ 太平洋奇跡の作戦 キスカ, Taiheiyō kiseki no sakusen Kisuka lit. 'Miraculous Pacific Operation: Kisuka'
  138. ↑ フランケンシュタイン対地底怪獣（バラゴン）, Furankenshutain tai Chitei Kaijū Baragon, lit. 'Frankenstein vs. Subterranean Monster Baragon'
  139. ↑ 大冒険, Daibōken lit. 'Great Adventure'
  140. ↑ 怪獣大戦争, Kaijū Dai-sensō lit. 'The Giant Monster War'
  141. ↑ 奇巌城の冒険, Kiganjō no bōken lit. 'Strange Rock Castle Adventure'
  142. ↑ ゼロ・ファイター 大空, Zero faita dai kūsen lit. 'Zero Fighter Great Air Battle'
  143. ↑ フランケンシュタインの怪獣 サンダ対ガイラ, Furankenshutain no Kaijū: Sanda tai Gaira lit. 'Frankenstein's Monsters: Sanda vs. Gaira'
  144. ↑ ゴジラ・エビラ・モスラ　南海の大決闘, Gojira Ebira Mosura Nankai no Dai-kettō lit. 'Godzilla, Ebirah, Mothra: Big Duel in the South Seas'
  145. ↑ キングコングの逆襲, Kingu Kongu no Gyakushū lit. 'King Kong's Counterattack'
  146. ↑ 長篇怪獣映画 ウルトラマン, Chōhen Kaijū Eiga Urutoraman
  147. ↑ 怪獣島の決戦 ゴジラの息子, Kaijū-tō no Kessen: Gojira no Musuko lit. 'Monster Island's Decisive Battle: Godzilla's Son'
  148. ↑ 怪獣総進撃, Kaijū Sō-shingeki lit. 'Monster All-out Attack'
  149. ↑ 連合艦隊司令長官 山本五十六, Rengō Kantai Shirei Chōkan Yamamoto Isoroku, lit. 'Isoroku Yamamoto: Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet'
  150. ↑ クレージーの大爆発, Kureji no daibakuhatsu
  151. ↑ 緯度0大作戦, Ido Zero Daisakusen, lit. 'The Great Latitude 0 Operation'
  152. ↑ 日本海大海戦, Nihonkai Daikaisen lit. 'The Great Battle in the Japan Sea'
  153. ↑ ゴジラ・ミニラ・ガバラ オール怪獣大進撃, Gojira Minira Gabara Ōru Kaijū Dai-shingeki lit. 'Godzilla, Minilla, and Gabara: All Monsters Attack'
  154. ↑ 日本の自然と日本人の夢, Nihon no Shizen to Nihonjin no Yume lit. 'The Nature of Japan and the Dreams of Japanese'
  155. ↑ 忍術真田城, Ninjutsu Sanada-jō
  156. ↑ 鉄腕アトム, Tetsuwan Atomu
  157. ↑ みんなの職業, Min na no Shokugyō
  158. ↑ 映像の魔術師 特技監督, Eizō no Majutsu-shi Tokugi Kantoku
  159. ↑ 日本の水準, Nihon no suijun
  160. ↑ ウルトラQ, Urutora Kyū
  161. ↑ 現代の主役, Gendai no shuyaku
  162. ↑ ウルトラQのおやじ, Urutora Kyū no Oyaji
  163. ↑ ウルトラマン, Urutoraman
  164. ↑ ウルトラセブン, Urutora Sebun
  165. ↑ マイティジャック, Maiti Jakku
  166. ↑ 戦え！マイティジャック, Tatakae! Maiti Jakku
  167. ↑ 怪奇大作戦, Kaiki Daisakusen lit. 'Mysterious Strategy'
  168. ↑ 恐怖劇場アンバランス, Kyōfu Gekijō Anbaransu

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Bolton, Doug (July 7, 2015). "Godzilla creator Eiji Tsuburaya celebrated in Google Doodle". The Independent. Archived from the original on July 14, 2022. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  2. 1 2 "The Founder – Eiji Tsuburaya". Tsuburaya Productions. Archived from the original on February 28, 2023. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  3. ↑ "《特撮の父》―その黎明から開花へ" ["Father of Tokusatsu" – From Dawn to Bloom] (PDF). National Film Archive of Japan (in Japanese). August 17, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 3, 2023. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
  4. ↑ Ragone 2014, pp. 22–23.
  5. ↑ Ryfle 1998, p. 45.
  6. ↑ Ragone 2014, p. 26.
  7. ↑ Ragone 2014, p. 27.
  8. 1 2 Matsuda 2001, pp. 14–15.
  9. ↑ Matsuda 2001, pp. 20–21.
  10. ↑ Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 30.
  11. ↑ Tanaka 1983, p. 541.
  12. ↑ Iwabatake 1994, pp. 52–53.
  13. ↑ Yosensha 2010, pp. 300–303.
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  15. ↑ Ragone 2014, p. 14.
  16. ↑ Ragone 2014, p. 50.
  17. ↑ Ragone 2014, p. 53.
  18. ↑ Motion Picture Herald 1959, p. 32.
  19. ↑ Ragone 2014, p. 78.
  20. 1 2 Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 229.
  21. 1 2 Ragone 2007, p. 114.
  22. 1 2 Galbraith IV 2008, p. 231.
  23. ↑ Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 245.
  24. ↑ Nakamura et al. 2014, p. 124.
  25. 1 2 Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 255.
  26. ↑ Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 260.
  27. ↑ Ragone 2014, p. 21.
  28. ↑ "延命院の傴僂男" [The Hunchback of Enmei'in Temple]. Japanese Movie Database (in Japanese). Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
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  34. ↑ Ragone 2014, p. 26, 193.
  35. 1 2 3 4 Ryfle 1998, p. 46.
  36. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 12.
  37. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 42.
  38. ↑ Takeuchi & Yamamoto 2001, p. 345.
  39. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 52.
  40. ↑ Asano, Eiko (February 18, 2020). "太平洋戦争中の特撮人形劇映画、制作現場の写真見つかる 人形は浅野孟府作" [Special effects puppet movie during the Pacific War, photos of the production site can be found. Puppets made by Mōfu Asano]. Voice of Nara (in Japanese). Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
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  42. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 54.
  43. 1 2 Galbraith IV 2008, p. 55.
  44. 1 2 Galbraith IV 2008, p. 56.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ragone 2014, p. 194.
  46. 1 2 Matsuda 2001, p. 22.
  47. ↑ Matsuda 2001, p. 24.
  48. 1 2 Takeuchi & Yamamoto 2001, p. 348.
  49. ↑ Yosensha 2010, p. 301.
  50. 1 2 Ragone 2014, p. 195.
  51. 1 2 3 Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 135.
  52. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 96.
  53. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 99.
  54. ↑ Takeuchi & Yamamoto 2001, p. 332.
  55. 1 2 Takeuchi & Yamamoto 2001, p. 91.
  56. ↑ "Godzilla". The Criterion Collection. Archived from the original on May 27, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  57. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 107.
  58. ↑ "Godzilla Raids Again". The Criterion Collection. Archived from the original on July 14, 2022. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  59. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 113.
  60. 1 2 3 Takeuchi & Yamamoto 2001, p. 349.
  61. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 122.
  62. ↑ Kalat 2010, p. 41.
  63. 1 2 3 4 5 Ragone 2014, p. 196.
  64. ↑ Watson 2020, p. 93.
  65. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 140.
  66. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 146.
  67. ↑ Kalat 2010, p. 46.
  68. ↑ Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 156.
  69. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 155.
  70. ↑ Matsuda 1997, p. 96.
  71. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 161.
  72. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 162.
  73. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 168.
  74. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 176.
  75. ↑ Kalat 2010, p. 51.
  76. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 184.
  77. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 186.
  78. 1 2 3 Ragone 2014, p. 197.
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  84. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 198.
  85. ↑ Nishimoto, Yamada & Yamane 2004, p. 136.
  86. ↑ Qiū 2007, p. 188.
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  92. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 212.
  93. ↑ "Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster". The Criterion Collection. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  94. 1 2 Ryfle 1998, p. 47.
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  105. ↑ Kodansha 2009, p. 30.
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