Chad holds elections on national level for a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) has 155 members, elected for a four-year term in 25 single-member constituencies and 34 multi-member constituencies. Chad is a one party dominant state with the Patriotic Salvation Movement in power, although according to the African Union, elections in Chad are generally free and fair. Human Rights Watch, however, has criticized the election process in Chad, arguing that they have problems such as electoral fraud, multiple voting, underage voting, and low voter turnout.[1]

History of elections

Former president, Idriss Déby, seized power in 1990 through a rebellion. The second election of Déby was reported by international observers to be fraudulent.[2] In 1997, parliamentary elections were held, with the MPS party of Déby winning 63 of the 125 seats existing at the time. International observers also claimed that these elections witnessed serious irregularities. In May 2001, Déby won the presidential election in the first round with 63% of the vote, but the election was considered to be fraudulent, and several opposition leaders were arrested after accusing the Chadian government of election fraud.[3] Because of prominent electoral irregularities in the previous elections in 2001 and 2006, the 2011 presidential election was boycotted by the major opposition parties, which resulted in Déby winning 89% of the vote in the first round.[4] Most recently, Déby was elected to his fifth term in 2016, after abolishing presidential term limits in 2004 by amending the Constitution of Chad.[5][6] Most recently, Kodi Mahamat Bam, President of the Independent National Electoral Commission announced the postponement of legislative elections to April 2021. The stated reason was related to COVID-19.[7]

Latest elections

Presidential elections

CandidatePartyVotes%
Idriss DébyPatriotic Salvation Movement2,219,35259.92
Saleh KebzaboNational Union for Democracy and Renewal473,07412.77
Laoukein Kourayo MédardChadian Convention for Peace and Development392,98810.61
Djimrangar DadnadjiCAP–SUR186,8575.04
Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye73,6361.99
Malloum Yoboide Djeraki67,0191.81
Mahamat Ahmad Alhabo58,5331.58
Abdoulaye Mbodou Mbami53,2041.44
Clément Djimet Bagaou48,4711.31
Gali Gatta Ngothé44,8991.21
Brice Mbaimon Guedmbaye36,6470.99
Beassoumda Julien24,1250.65
Djividi Boukar25,1070.68
Total3,703,912100.00
Valid votes3,703,91289.82
Invalid/blank votes419,81810.18
Total votes4,123,730100.00
Registered voters/turnout6,252,54865.95
Source: Constitutional Court

Parliamentary elections

PartySeats
Patriotic Salvation Movement83
MPS–RDP25
MPS–RNDP18
National Union for Democracy and Renewal10
MPS–RDP–RNDP8
Union for Renewal and Democracy8
National Rally for Democracy in Chad8
Federation, Action for the Republic4
UNDR–PLD2
Democratic and Socialist Party for Alternation2
Chadian Convention for Peace and Development2
Union for Democracy and the Republic2
ART–CNDS1
MPDT–RDP/R–CNDS1
PPJE–ART–CNDS1
Chadian Democratic Union1
National Action for Development1
New Breath for the Republic1
Rally of People for Democratic Alternation1
Movement of Patriotic Chadians for the Republic1
Democratic Party of the Chadian People1
Union of Democratic Forces/Republican Party1
Union of Chadian Ecologists1
PDI–RPT1
African Party for Peace and Social Justice1
Party for Unity and Reconstruction1
AND/R1
USND1
Total188
Source: EISA

References

  1. ↑ World Report Book 2008. Human Rights Watch. <https://www.hrw.org/wr2k8/pdfs/wr2k8_web.pdf>
  2. ↑ Nohlen, D, Krennerich; M Thibaut, B (1999). Elections in Africa: A data handbook. p. 238. ISBN 0-19-829645-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ "Chad Country Report". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  4. ↑ "Chad's president Idriss Deby re-elected amid boycott". bbc.com. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2016-11-26. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  5. ↑ Nako, Madjiasra (10 April 2016). "Chad holds presidential election as Deby vies to extend rule". reuters.com. Thomson Reuters. Archived from the original on 2016-11-26. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  6. ↑ "The World Factbook - Chad". cia.gov. United States Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  7. ↑ "Free Access to Selected Content". 10 April 2019.
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