Elmo M. Haney
Haney in 1941
Birth nameSt. Elmo Murray Haney
Nickname(s)Pop
BornApril 1898
Chickalah, Arkansas, U.S.
DiedJanuary 31, 1979(1979-01-31) (aged 80)
Fayetteville, Arkansas, U.S.
Buried
Benton County Memorial Cemetery
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branchUnited States Marine Corps
Years of service1918–1919; 1927–1947
RankMaster Gunnery Sergeant
Unit1st Marine Division
Battles/wars
  • World War I
  • World War II
AwardsSilver Star
Alma mater
  • Arkansas State Normal School
  • Chillicothe Business College
Spouse(s)
Ethel T. Haney
​
(died 1972)​

St. Elmo Murray Haney (April 1898 – January 31, 1979) was a master gunnery sergeant in the United States Marine Corps.[1][2] As a veteran of many early campaigns in the Marine Corps, he was considered the epitome of the "old breed" Marine and a source of inspiration during the tough battles of the Pacific Campaign in World War II. Author and fellow Marine Eugene Sledge described Haney as "not a man born of woman, but that God had issued him to the Marine Corps."[3]

Early life and education

Haney was born in Chickalah, Arkansas.[4] Before and after his service during World War I, Haney attended the Arkansas State Normal School, a teacher training college, where he played on the baseball team.[5][6][7] He later graduated from Chillicothe Business College in Missouri.[2]

Military career

World War I

Haney enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on July 17, 1918, and trained at Parris Island, South Carolina, and Quantico, Virginia. By October 1918, he had been assigned to the 2nd Separate Machine Gun Battalion at Quantico. Although multiple sources, including Eugene Sledge, claim that Haney saw combat in World War I,[8][9][10][11] the war ended before Haney could be sent to Europe. On May 16, 1919, he was transferred to Marine Barracks, Boston and discharged.[12]

Inter-war period

After teaching school in Arkansas for four years,[8] Haney re-enlisted in the Marine Corps on October 22, 1927, at San Diego, California.[13] By 1930, he was stationed in Shanghai and played in the outfield for the 4th Marine Regiment baseball team.[14] In 1933, he was transferred from Marine Corps Base San Diego to Marine Barracks Mare Island, also playing on the baseball team there.[15][16]

Haney also saw duty in Nicaragua, Iceland, and the Amazon.[17][18]

World War II

In World War II, Haney fought in the battles of Guadalcanal, Cape Gloucester and Peleliu with Company K, 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines, where he was one of the oldest to fight in the regiment. Although Haney held the rank of platoon sergeant, he was not assigned to any specific sub-unit, serving as a roving senior combat leader in the company.[8][19]

Eugene Sledge noted many eccentric "old breed" behaviors from Haney, including scrubbing his genitals with a stiff brush, field stripping and cleaning his rifle compulsively, talking to himself, and being "obsessed with bayoneting the enemy."[20] Sledge witnessed Haney, a non-commissioned officer, angrily throw coral gravel into the face of a second lieutenant, furiously berating him for not keeping his pistol pointed downrange during a firing exercise.[21] During battle, Sledge described Haney as "everywhere at once, correcting mistakes and helping out."[8] A Collier's magazine article chronicling the Marines' action at Cape Gloucester characterized Haney as "a leathery little man, a stickler for discipline, as rigid as a ramrod, a man who knows the book backward."[22]

At the Battle of Peleliu, Haney rallied his Marines as they got bogged down and kept them moving forward.[23] At the conclusion of the fighting, Sledge asked Haney what he thought of the battle as they shared a cigarette, looking at Peleliu from their ship's railing:

Instead of the usual old salt comment—something like, "You think that was bad, you oughta been in the old Corps,"—Haney answered with an unexpected, "Boy, that was terrible! I ain't never seen nothin' like it. I'm ready to go back to the States. I've had enough after that."[24]

Haney shipped out of Peleliu on November 29, 1944,[25] and was transferred stateside after being promoted to gunnery sergeant.[1]

Silver Star citation

At the Battle of Cape Gloucester, Haney received a Silver Star for heroic actions against the enemy, carrying ammunition to the front lines during the thickest of the fighting for Walt's Ridge.[14][26] The citation reads:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Platoon Sergeant St. Elmo M. Haney (MCSN: 131228), United States Marine Corps, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity while serving with the FIRST Marine Division in action against enemy Japanese forces on Cape Gloucester, New Britain on January 10, 1944. While our forces were engaged in bitter hand-to-hand combat defending a vital ridge, Platoon Sergeant Haney courageously led an ammunition carrying party through dark jungle undergrowth and driving rain to deliver supplies to our front lines, arriving five minutes before the last desperate counter attack when one platoon was completely out of ammunition and the entire line was low. By his expeditious delivery of the urgently needed supplies, he enabled our units to defend their position successfully. Platoon Sergeant Haney's daring initiative and selfless devotion to duty in the face of grave peril were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.[4]

Death and legacy

Ethel, Haney's wife, died on July 14, 1972, in Bentonville, Arkansas.[27] Haney died January 31, 1979, in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and was buried in Benton County Memorial Cemetery in Rogers, Arkansas.[28]

In 2010, Haney was portrayed by actor Gary Sweet in three episodes of the HBO miniseries The Pacific.[29] Haney's character in the series was built largely from recollections in Eugene Sledge's memoir With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa.[30]

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 Ambrose 2011, p. 367
  2. 1 2 Miller, Thurman (May 24, 2013). "Salute: The Real Old Breed—Elmo "Pop" Haney". The History Reader. St. Martin's Press. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
  3. ↑ Sledge 2010, p. 38
  4. 1 2 "St. Elmo M. Haney". Military Times. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
  5. ↑ Bulletin. Vol. 4. Conway, Arkansas: The Arkansas State Normal School. June 1916. p. 68.
  6. ↑ "Henderson-Brown Loses to Normals". The Arkansas Gazette. April 14, 1916. p. 13.
  7. ↑ "Normal Lists 62 in Its Senior Class". The Log Cabin Democrat. March 28, 1921. p. 4.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Sledge 2010, p. 36
  9. ↑ Miller 2013a, p. 35
  10. ↑ Mace, Sterling; Allen, Nick (2012). Battleground Pacific: A Marine Rifleman's Combat Odyssey in K/3/5. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-250-00505-2.
  11. ↑ Ambrose 2011, p. 311
  12. ↑ Ancestry.com. U.S. Marine Corps Muster Rolls, 1798–1958 [database on-line]. Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Muster Rolls of the U.S. Marine Corps, 1798–1892. Microfilm Publication T1118, 123 rolls. ARC ID: 922159. Records of the U.S. Marine Corps, Record Group 127; National Archives in Washington, D.C. Roll 0173
  13. ↑ Ancestry.com. U.S. Marine Corps Muster Rolls, 1798–1958 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Muster Rolls of the U.S. Marine Corps, 1798–1892. Microfilm Publication T1118, 123 rolls. ARC ID: 922159. Records of the U.S. Marine Corps, Record Group 127; National Archives in Washington, D.C. Roll 0277
  14. 1 2 "Arkansas Veteran Still Killing Japs". The Arkansas Gazette. October 17, 1944. p. 2.
  15. ↑ Adams, Jr., Charles S. (1934). "Fort Lauderdale Baseball". The Leatherneck. Vol. 17, no. 9. United States Marine Corps Institute. p. 32.
  16. ↑ "Elmo Haney Plays on Marine Baseball Club". The Norman Transcript. August 8, 1933. p. 5.
  17. ↑ "Pop's Rugged". The Leatherneck. Vol. 28, no. 9. United States Marine Corps Institute. 1945. p. 56.
  18. ↑ "It Was Arkansas Day in the Southwest Pacific". The Arkansas Gazette. February 19, 1944. p. 4.
  19. ↑ Burgin, R. V.; Marvel, Bill (2010). Islands of the Damned: A Marine at War in the Pacific. New York: NAL Caliber. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-451-22990-8.
  20. ↑ Sledge 2010, p. 36–38
  21. ↑ Sledge 2010, p. 37
  22. ↑ Bordages, Asa (June 2, 1945). "Suicide Creek". Collier's Weekly. p. 32.
  23. ↑ McEnery, Jim; Sloan, Bill (2012). Hell in the Pacific: A Marine Rifleman's Journey from Guadalcanal to Peleliu. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 243. ISBN 978-1-4516-5913-9.
  24. ↑ Sledge 2010, p. 156
  25. ↑ Miller 2013a, p. 228
  26. ↑ "Jap Taunt Backfires as Marines Win Battle". The Portsmouth Herald. January 19, 1944. p. 5.
  27. ↑ "Mrs. Ethel T. Haney". Northwest Arkansas Times. July 15, 1972. p. 2.
  28. ↑ Cemeteries of Benton County, Arkansas. Vol. 3. Rogers, Arkansas: Northwest Arkansas Genealogical Society. 1975. p. 61.
  29. ↑ "HBO: The Pacific: Elmo "Gunny" Haney". HBO. Archived from the original on August 16, 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
  30. ↑ Reinsch II, Richard M. (May 28, 2018). "With the Old Breed". Law & Liberty. Retrieved December 12, 2022.

Bibliography

  • Sledge, Eugene (2010). With the Old Breed. New York: Presidio Press. ISBN 978-0-8914-1906-8.
  • Ambrose, Hugh (2011). The Pacific. New York: NAL Caliber. ISBN 978-0-451-23023-2.
  • Miller, Thurman (2013a). Earned in Blood: My Journey from Old-Breed Marine to the Most Dangerous Job in America. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-00499-4.
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