Emilie Linder
Drawing of a woman with dark hair wearing a flower crown
Born(1797-10-11)October 11, 1797
Basel, Switzerland
Died(1867-02-12)February 12, 1867
Munich, Germany
Other namesSophie Emilie Linder; Émilie Linder

Emilie Linder (Oct. 11, 1797 – Feb. 12, 1867) was a Swiss painter and art patron.

Early life

Linder was born in Basel, Switzerland in 1797.[1][2] She was the daughter of painter Franz Lukas Linder and Anna Maria Dienast; the Linders were an established family of textile manufacturers in Basel.[1][3] Orphaned by age fifteen, her grandfather Johann Konrad Dienast-Burckhardt took her in and encouraged her talent for art.[4]

Education and Career

In 1824, Linder moved to Munich for artistic education.[2] While she visited the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, because she was a woman, she could not attend the academy herself.[1] Her primary teacher was history painter Joseph Schlotthauer.[1][5]

Her family friend Johann Nepomuk von Ringseis introduced Linder to many of the artists active in Munich.[1][2] She was wooed by Franz Xaver von Baader and Clemens Brentano, but did not marry either of them.[1]

She traveled to northern and central Italy in 1825 with Schlotthauer and his wife.[2] Between 1828 and 1831, Linder lived in Rome and studied Italian paintings.[4] While in Italy, Linder befriended Johann Friedrich Overbeck, leader of the Nazarene movement of German Romantic Christian painters.[2]

In 1832, Linder settled permanently in Munich.[2] She became well-known as a painter and as an intellectual hostess of salons.[2]

Linder, portrait of Clemens Brentano, 1835.

Paintings

Linder mostly painted anonymous devotional pictures and altarpieces, which she gave to destitute churches.[1] Though she was known for her paintings during her lifetime, her habit of not signing her paintings has concealed her impact in German religious painting. She also painted portraits of friends and nobility.

Her 1835 portrait of Brentano is widely used, though it is often uncredited.[1] Today, it is in the Munich Stadtmuseum.[6]

Conversion

Linder converted to Catholicism in 1843.[1] Her artwork became entirely religious.[2]

Art Collection

Linder used her wealth to collect and commission paintings by the Nazarenes and other, lesser-known painters.[1][2] She commissioned Schlotthauer to travel to Italy to copy Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper in 1834.[5]

Cultural impact

Linder, Portrait of the Baroness von Eichthal, 19th century.

Linder was one of Brentano's main correspondents during his religious seclusion.[7]

Franz von Baader dedicated his "Forty Sentences from a Religious Erotic" to her in 1831.[2] In 1860, Ernst von Lasaulx dedicated his “Philosophy of Fine Arts" to her.[2]

Legacy

In 1847, Linder donated her entire art collection, including many important Nazarene paintings, to the public art gallery in Basel.[1] Today, her works are in the Kunstmuseum Basel.[8]

She also donated a sizable fortune to the Catholic diocese in Basel, which enabled them to build the Church of St. Marien (Basel), which was the first Catholic church built in Basel after the Reformation.[1][2]

Further reading

  • Bischoff, Teresa and Karl Möseneder. Kunst Und Caritas: Leben Und Werk Der Kunstsammlerin, Mäzenin Und Malerin Emilie Linder. Schriftenreihe Des Erlanger Instituts Für Kunstgeschichte; Bd. 2. Petersberg: Imhof, 2014. (in German)
  • Braun, Patrick, and Axel Christoph Gampp. Emilie Linder, 1797-1867: Malerin, Mäzenin, Kunstsammlerin. Beiträge Zur Basler Geschichte. Basel: Christoph Merian, 2013. (in German)
  • Meier, Nikolaus. Stiften Und Sammeln Für Die Öffentliche Kunstsammlung Basel: Emilie Linder, Jacob Burckhardt Und Das Kunstleben Der Stadt Basel. Basel: Schwabe, 1997. (in German)
  • Jent, Verena. Emilie Linder, 1797-1867: Studien zur Biographie der Basler Kunstsammlerin und Freundin Clemens Brentanos, 1970. Dissertation. (in German)
  • Lehner, Philomena. Emilie Linder Und Ihr Freundeskreis, 1935. Dissertation. (in German)

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Conzemius, Victor (November 27, 2008). "Linder, Emilie". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (in German). Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Historische Commission bei der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften (1883), "Linder, Emilie", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Bd. 18, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (1. ed.), München/Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, p. 697, retrieved 2021-04-02
  3. ↑ Wichers, Hermann (November 27, 2008). "Linder". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (in German). Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  4. 1 2 Rosenthal, David August (1870). Convertitenbilder aus dem neunzehnten Jahrhundert (in German). Vol. 3. Schaffhausen: Hurter. pp. 328–342. OCLC 1072891364.
  5. 1 2 Historische Commission bei der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften (1890), "Schlotthauer, Joseph", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Bd. 31, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (1. ed.), München/Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, p. 554, retrieved 2021-04-02
  6. ↑ "Linder, Émilie", Benezit Dictionary of Artists, Oxford University Press, 2011-10-31, doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00109964, retrieved 2021-04-02
  7. ↑ Brentano, Clemens; Frühwald, Wolfgang.; Willemer, Marianne von.; Diepenbrock, Apollonia; Linder, Emilie (1970). Briefe an Emilie Linder (in German). Bad Homburg v.d.H., Berlin, Zürich: Gehlen.
  8. ↑ Boerlin, P. H. (1976). "Emilie Linder: painter and patroness of the arts". Apollo. 104 (178): 491–495.
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