Emilie Louise Michaelis
Born1834
Thuringia, Germany
Died1904
Rotherfield, Sussex
NationalityGerman
CitizenshipBritish
Occupation(s)Teacher, educationist
OrganizationThe Froebel Society (President)
Known forPromotion of the ideas of Friedrich Fröbel

Emilie Louise Michaelis (1834–1904)[1] was German-born pioneer of the kindergarten system in England, and a translator, editor, and promoter of Froebel's writings.[2] In 1875, she started one of the first English kindergartens in Croydon, London, and later a training college for teachers, which became Froebel College.[3] She was described as the 'chief exponent of Froebelianism in England'[4] and coined the phrase 'nursery school' in translation from Froebel.[5]

Life

Emilie Michaelis was born in Thuringia, Germany, and was a pupil of Bertha von Marenholtz-Bülow, who had herself been a student of Friedrich Fröbel.[2]

Michaelis travelled to England in the 1870s, intending to promote the principles of kindergarten education.[2] In 1875, she was a founding member of the Froebel Society of London, on a committee which included Emily Shirreff, Maria Georgina Grey, Frances Buss, Beata Doreck, and Adelaide Manning.[6] She was president of the Society 1897–1900.[7]

In 1891, Michaelis started a kindergarten and training college for kindergarten teachers in Notting Hill, which became the Froebel Educational Institute in West Kensington.[2] The Froebel Educational Institute, on Talgarth Road, West Kensington, officially opened on 20 September 1894.[8] Emilie Michaelis was its first principal, retiring in 1901.[2] She was replaced as Principal by Esther Lawrence.[9] Following Michaelis's retirement, she continued to actively promote the values of Froebelian education, lecturing and examining widely.[4]

Emilie Michaelis died on 30 December 1904.[10]

References

  1. ↑ "Emilie Michaelis (1834–1904), the First Principal of Froebel College (1892–1901) | Art UK". www.artuk.org. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Kindergarten Pioneer: Death of Madame Michaelis". London Daily News. 3 January 1905.
  3. ↑ "Froebel College | History". Roehampton University. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  4. 1 2 "The Late Madame Michaelis". Westminster Gazette. 3 January 1905.
  5. ↑ "Michaelis; Emilie (1834-1904); Madame; Educationalist". www.nhm.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  6. ↑ Ellsworth, Edward W. (1979). Liberators of the female mind : the Shirreff sisters, educational reform, and the women's movement. Internet Archive. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-20644-3.
  7. ↑ Friedrich Froebel and English education. Lawrence, Evelyn. London. ISBN 978-0-203-13852-6. OCLC 1082225588.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ↑ "Froebel College". aim25.com. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  9. ↑ "Esther Lawrence". Roehampton University. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
  10. ↑ "Madame Michaelis". Child Life. 7: 63. 1905.
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