Pyrrhus, when a child, brought to Glaucias, king of Illyria and his wife Beroea for protection and education
This is a list of Illyrian rulers (kings and queens) from the Enchelean and Taulantian kingdoms (dynasty):[1]
- Galaurus: king of Taulantii. Unsuccessfully invaded Macedonia between 678–640 BC.[2]
- Grabos I (5th century BC): attested on an Athenian inscription, he was very likely a person with great political responsibilities. He probably was the grandfather of Grabos II.[3][4]
- Sirras (437–390 BC), ruler in Lyncestis.[5][6]
- Grabos II (r. 358–356 BC): entered Athenian alliance to resist Philip's power in 356 BC.[7]
- Pleuratus I (r. 356–335 BC): reigned near the Adriatic coast in southern Illyria. In a losing effort in 344 BC, tried to thwart Philip's advances in Illyria.[8]
- Pleurias (r. c. 337/336 BC): Illyrian ruler who campaigned against Philip II about 337 BC. He is considered by some scholars as king of either the Autariatae, the Taulantii, or the Dardani.[9] Some have suggested that he was the same as Pleuratus I;[10][11] Pleurias is mentioned only in Diodorus (16.93.6), elsewhere unattested in ancient sources.[10]
- Cleitus, son of Bardylis I (r. 335–295 BC): mastermind behind the Illyrian Revolt in Pelion of 335 BC against Alexander the Great.[12]
- Glaucias: king of Taulantii. He aided Cleitus at the Battle of Pelion in 335 BC, raised Pyrrhus of Epirus and was involved in other events in southern Illyria in the late 4th century BC.[13]
- Beroea of Taulantii was an Illyrian queen, and wife of Glaukias, king of the Taulantii. She came from the ruling Molossian Aeacidae dynasty of Epirus. She raised Pyrrhus of Epirus when he was adopted by Glaukias.[14][15]
- Monunius I, (r. 290–270 BC): reigned during the Gallic invasions of 279 BC. He minted his own silver staters in Dyrrhachion.[16]
- Mytilos, successor of Monunius I and probably his son (r. 270–?): waged war on Epirus in 270 BC. He minted his own bronze coins in Dyrrhachion.[16]
See also
References
- ↑ Demaj, F.; Rexhepi, F. (2009). Historia 6 [History 6] (in Albanian). Prishtina: Shtëpia Botuese Libri Shkollor. pp. 73–74. OCLC 838026871.
- ↑ Μιμαλλόνες "imitators of men" Etym. Mag. (587.53) see Hesychius "mimelazein. mimeisthai" "mimelon. homoion"
- ↑ Cabanes 2002, p. 51
- ↑ Šašel Kos 2002, p. 113
- ↑ Cambi, Nenad; Čače, Slobodan; Kirigin, Branko, eds. (2002). Greek influence along the East Adriatic Coast. Knjiga Mediterana. Vol. 26. ISBN 9531631549.
Undoubtedly the word Illyrian had a distinct political (hence to some extent also ethnic) meaning, when applied to the Illyrian kingdom of Sirrhas or Bardylis I, at thend of the 5th or the beginning of the 4th century BC to the fall of Genthius in 168 BC, regardless of the unsolvable problem of how many dynasties alternately occupied the throne and what was the origin and the actual expanse of the kingdom of each of them
- ↑ Katičić, Radoslav (2012). Ancient Languages of the Balkans. Walter de Gruyter. p. 155. ISBN 978-3111568874.
- ↑ Šašel Kos 2002, p. 113
- ↑ The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 121, 156, 167, 170–174, 190
- ↑ Hammond, "The Kingdoms in Illyria circa 400–167 BC".
- 1 2 Howe, Müller & Stoneman 2017, p. 98
- ↑ Šašel Kos 2002, p. 113
- ↑ Wilkes 1995, page 120
- ↑ Neritan Ceka: Illlyrian to the Albanians, 2005, Migjeni
- ↑ Greenwalt 2011, p. 296.
- ↑ Plutarch's Lives, Volume 2 (of 4) by Plutarch, edited by George Long, Aubrey Stewart, 2007, p.120, "Having thus escaped from their pursuers they proceeded to Glaukias, the king of the Illyrians...gave Pyrrhus in charge of his wife."
- 1 2 The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 129, "No Illyrian production of coins is known before King Monunius struck his coins at Dyrrhachium (see figure 11), followed by Mytilus around ten years later..."
Works cited
- Cabanes, Pierre (2002) [1988]. Čutura, Dinko; Kuntić-Makvić, Bruna (eds.). Iliri od Bardileja do Gencia (IV. – II. stoljeće prije Krista) [The Illyrians from Bardylis to Gentius (4th – 2nd century BC)] (in Croatian). Translated by Vesna Lisičić. Svitava. ISBN 953-98832-0-2.
- Greenwalt, William S. (2011). "Macedonia, Illyria and Epirus". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 279–305. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7.
- Howe, Timothy; Müller, Sabine; Stoneman, Richard (2017). Ancient Historiography On War and Empire. Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1785703027.
- Šašel Kos, Marjeta (2002). "Pyrrhus and Illyrian Kingdom(s?)". Greek Influence Along the East Adriatic Coast. Knjiga Mediterana. 26: 101–119. ISBN 9531631549.
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