Eremocarya
Cryptantha micrantha, synonym of Eremocarya micrantha
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Eremocarya
Greene
Species

See text.

Eremocarya is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. There are about 63 species and its native range extends through western United States to northwestern Mexico.[1] It is part of subtribe of Amsinckiinae.[2]

It was once thought to be an either a subgenus or synonym of Cryptantha Lehm. ex G. Don,[2] before being segregated out due to molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Description

A profusely branching annual herb with very slender, ascending, nearly leafless stems and the leaves are arranged in a basal rosette.[3] The roots and the lower parts of the stems are often stained with a red,[4] or purple hue.[3] The flowers in March–June,[5] are dense racemes, spiciform (spike-shaped) with evenly spaced, leafy-bracteate beneath each flower. The calyx is small and divided into 5 sections from the base. It has a small white corolla. It has 4 ovules and 4 nutlets (which appear after flowering), which are similar in size and shape. The gynobase (a short conical or flat elevation of the receptacle of a flower, bearing the gynoecium) is thin and columnar, they are nearly similar (in form) to the wide style, which is dilated and wider that the stigma when in fruit.[3]

Taxonomy

The Latin specific epithet Eremocarya is derived from "Eremos" which is Greek for "desert" or "lonely" and "caryum" is Greek for "nut".[6][7]

It was first published by Edward Lee Greene in Pittonia vol.1 on page 58 in 1887.[1]

Then in 1924, Ivan M. Johnston wrote that the genus of Oreocarya could be combined with Cryptantha. Edwin Blake Payson in 1927 (A Monograph of the section Oreocarya of Cryptantha, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:211-358) agreed with Johnston and he had four sections in Cryptantha: Eucryptantha (= Cryptantha), Geocarya, Krynitzkia (inclusive of Eremocarya, Greeneocharis, and Johnstonella), and Oreocarya. Larry Higgins (1971), another expert on the perennial taxa, published a revised monograph of Oreocarya, and agreed with Johnston and Payson on the inclusion of Oreocarya within Cryptantha, but also elevating the four sections of Johnston (1927) and Payson (1927) to subgenera.[8] Although they were sometimes still called synonyms of Cryptantha.[9]

In 2012, the phylogenetic relationship of members of the genus Cryptantha was carried out, based on dna sequencing analyses, it was then proposed that the resurrection of the following genera Eremocarya, Greeneocharis, Johnstonella, and also Oreocarya.[10][11][12]

Species

2 accepted species;[1]

  • Eremocarya lepida (A.Gray) Greene
  • Eremocarya micrantha (Torr.) Greene

In 2016, a large flowered version of Eremocarya micrantha was found and published as E. micrantha var. pseudolepida.[12]

Distribution

The genus is found in the United States (within the states of Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas and Utah) and also in north western Mexico.[1][6]

Habitat

Species of the genus are found in dry sandy places at altitudes of below 7,500 m (24,600 ft) above sea level or on montane slopes and valley sides at 2,000–7,000 m (6,600–23,000 ft).[5]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Eremocarya Greene | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Genus: Eremocarya Greene". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 Forrest Shreve and Ira Loren Wiggins Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert, Volume 1 (1964), p. 121, at Google Books
  4. ↑ New Mexico State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report, Volumes 1-20, Regents of the Agricultural College of New Mexico (1890), p. 69, at Google Books
  5. 1 2 Philip Alexander Munz (and David D.Keck) A California Flora (1959) , p. 567, at Google Books
  6. 1 2 "Eremocarya". www.sci.sdsu.edu. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  7. ↑ Albert Brown Lyons Plant Names, Scientific and Popular: Including in the Case of Each Plant the Correct Botanical Name in Accordance with the Reformed Nomenclature, Together with Botanical and Popular Synonyms ... (1907), p. 148, at Google Books
  8. ↑ Higgins, Larry Charles (1969-06-01). "A revision of Cryptantha subgenus Or Cryptantha subgenus Oreocarya". Brigham Young University - Provo. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  9. ↑ Stanley D. Jones, Joseph K. Wipff and Paul M. Montgomery Vascular Plants of Texas: A Comprehensive Checklist Including Synonymy ... (1997), p. 225, at Google Books
  10. ↑ Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen E.; Simpson, Michael G. (2012). "Cat's Eyes and Popcorn Flowers: Phylogenetic Systematics of the Genus Cryptantha s. l. (Boraginaceae)". Systematic Botany. 37 (3): 738–757.
  11. ↑ SIMPSON, MICHAEL G.; MABRY, MAKENZIE E.; HASENSTAB-LEHMAN, KRISTEN (12 December 2019). "Transfer of four species of Cryptantha to the genus Johnstonella (Boraginaceae)". Phytotaxa. 425 (5).
  12. 1 2 Simpson, Michael G.; Simpson, Lee M. (1 January 2016). "A New, Large-Flowered Variety of Eremocarya micrantha (Boraginaceae)". Madroño. 63 (1): 39–54.

Other sources

  • Cronquist, A. et al. 1972-. Intermountain flora.
  • Johnston, I. M. 1927. Studies in the Boraginaceae VI. A revision of the South American Boraginoideae. Contr. Gray Herb. 78:31.
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