Eriocaulon australasicum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Eriocaulaceae
Genus: Eriocaulon
Species:
E. australasicum
Binomial name
Eriocaulon australasicum
Synonyms[5]

Electrosperma australasicum F.Muell.
Eriocaulon electrospermum F.Muell.

Eriocaulon australasicum (common names southern pipewort, austral pipewort) is an endangered monocotyledonous plant in the Eriocaulaceae family found in Australia, in Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales.[2][6]

Description

Eriocaulon australasicum is a small, annual, semi-aquatic herb with a tuft of basal linear leaves which are 20–50 mm long by 1–1.5 mm wide. The flowers occur as egg-shaped to almost globular heads 3–4 mm wide. These are enclosed in lance-shaped outer bracts and by linear inner bracts. The fruits are smooth, with three celled capsules, which each contain a single seed. It possibly requires an inundation period to enable germination from soil-stored seed. Plants start to grow in shallow water (up to 20 cm deep), particularly when the water is clear and the substrate has high organic content. Flowering and seed-set swiftly follow falling water levels and the drying-out of depressions. Little is known about seed set, seed bank accumulation and its persistence and viability. It does not appear to reproduce vegetatively.[7]

Habitat

It grows in shallow, seasonally-inundated, depressions and on the margins of swamps on clay plains.[7]

Taxonomy

It was first described as Electrosperma australasicum by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1854, who found it "on wet places along the Murray, towards the junction of the Murrumbidgee".[3][8] It was transferred to the genus, Eriocaulon, in 1854 by Friedrich August Körnicke.[3][4]

Threats and recovery plan

Threats to the species are climate change, since Eriocaulon australasicum occurs in seasonally wet habitats, and probably requires a period of inundation to enable stored seed to germinate. With climate change, less frequent inundation of the required habitats will reduce habitat availability. A further threat is the grazing and trampling by sheep of the population in South Australia and possibly grazing by rabbits in Victoria.[7]

Current conservation actions in Victoria include the repair of boundary fencing to remove the grazing of the Little Desert population in Victoria, and the realignment of a vehicle track to eliminate the threat of vehicle disturbance. Additionally, fuel reduction programs in Victorian parks and reserves have been modified to avoid disturbance at sites where Eriocaulon australasicum occurs.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Williams, E. (2016). "Eriocaulon australasicum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22486370A22486834". doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T22486370A22486834.en. Retrieved 29 June 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. 1 2 Department of the Environment (2020). "Species Profile and Threats database: Eriocalon australasicum". Canberra. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 "Eriocaulon australasicum". Australian Plant Name Index, IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  4. 1 2 Körnicke, F.A. (1854). "Eriocaulacearum monographiae supplementum". Linnaea: Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde. 27: 616.
  5. ↑ "Eriocaulon australasicum (F.Muell.) Körn. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  6. ↑ Leach, G.J. (2020). "Eriocaulon australasicum". In Kodela, P.G. (ed.). Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Sutter, G. (2010). "National Recovery Plan for the Austral Pipewort Eriocaulon australasicum" (PDF). Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria.
  8. ↑ Mueller, F.J.H. von (18 September 1854). "Definitions of rare or hitherto undescribed Australian plants, chiefly collected within the boundaries of the colony of Victoria". Transactions of the Philosophical Society of Victoria. 1: 24.
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