Demographics of Eswatini
Population pyramid of Eswatini in 2020
Population1,121,761 (2022 est.)
Growth rate0.75% (2022 est.)
Birth rate23.35 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate9.71 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy59.69 years
 • male57.62 years
 • female61.81 years
Fertility rate2.44 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate39.63 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-6.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years33.63%
65 and over3.83%
Sex ratio
Total0.9 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151 male(s)/female
65 and over0.48 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalitySwati
Language
OfficialEnglish, siSwati

Demographic features of the population of Eswatini include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Swazi people dancing in a cultural village show.

The majority of Eswatini's population is ethnic Swazi, mixed with a small number of Zulus and white Africans, predominantly of British and Afrikaner origin. This population also includes a small segment within it that is mixed with any number of these ancestries.

Traditionally Swazis have been subsistence farmers and herders, but most now work in the growing urban formal economy and in government. Some Swazis work in the mines in South Africa. Eswatini also received Portuguese settlers and black refugees from Mozambique. Christianity in Eswatini is sometimes mixed with traditional beliefs and practices. Most Swazis ascribe a special spiritual role to the Swazi Royal Family.

The country's official languages are Siswati (a language related to Zulu) and English. Government and commercial business is conducted mainly in English. Asians, Afrikaners, Portuguese, and black Mozambicans speak their own languages.

Population

Demographics of Eswatini, Data of UNDESA (Population Division), year 2019; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

Eswatini's population is 1,113,276 according to the July 2021 estimate from the CIA World Factbook. The 2007 Census put the nation's population at 912,229. This number is lower than the 1997 Census, which gave 929,718 residents. The small difference is believed to be the result of massive emigration of Swazis to South Africa in search of work.[1]

According to the 2010 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 1,186,000 in 2010, compared to only 273,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 38.4%, 58.2% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.4% was 65 years or older .[2]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 273 00043.054.32.7
1955 307 00044.2532.8
1960 349 00045.2522.8
1965 392 00046.351.02.7
1970 446 00047.250.12.7
1975 517 00048.049.32.7
1980 603 00048.848.52.7
1985 706 00048.948.32.8
1990 863 00048.149.22.7
1995 964 00047.649.62.8
2000 1 064 00044.652.43.0
2005 1 105 00041.8553.2
2010 1 186 00038.458.23.4

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 29.IV.2017): [3]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 531 111 562 127 1 093 238 100
0–4 65 218 64 990 130 208 11.91
5–9 65 109 64 719 129 828 11.88
10–14 63 783 63 654 127 437 11.66
15–19 60 955 59 213 120 168 10.99
20–24 52 280 54 236 106 516 9.74
25–29 46 551 50 188 96 739 8.85
30–34 42 148 44 222 86 370 7.90
35–39 33 443 33 538 66 981 6.13
40–44 24 428 25 268 49 696 4.55
45–49 19 194 22 084 41 278 3.78
50–54 14 094 18 724 32 818 3.00
55–59 12 062 15 754 27 816 2.54
60–64 10 059 12 810 22 869 2.09
65-69 7 322 10 037 17 359 1.59
70-74 4 998 8 256 13 254 1.21
75-79 3 484 5 664 9 148 0.84
80+ 2 846 6 193 9 039 0.83
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 194 110 193 363 387 473 35.44
15–64 315 214 336 037 651 251 59.57
65+ 18 650 30 150 48 800 4.46
Unknown 3 137 2 577 5 714 0.52

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Eswatini is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [2]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-195514 0007 0007 00048.122.625.56.70174
1955-196016 0007 0009 00047.620.826.86.70160
1960-196518 0007 00010 00047.919.628.26.75150
1965-197020 0008 00013 00049.018.530.46.85141
1970-197524 0008 00016 00049.316.432.96.87124
1975-198027 0008 00019 00048.514.234.26.73108
1980-198531 0008 00023 00047.712.035.76.5490
1985-199036 0008 00028 00046.110.335.86.1377
1990-199536 0009 00028 00039.99.430.45.3069
1995-200035 00012 00022 00034.111.922.14.4980
2000-200534 00017 00017 00031.815.716.14.0187
2005-201034 00017 00017 00030.114.915.23.5776
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[4]

Year CBR Total TFR Total CBR Urban TFR Urban CBR Rural TFR Rural
1986 6,4
1991 5,6
1997 4,5
1999-2002 4,2
2006-2007 31,1 3,8 (2,1) 31,9 3,0 (1,8) 31,0 4,2 (2,2)

Life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy from 1950 to 2015 (UN World Population Prospects):[5]

Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 41.44
1955–1960 Increase 43.47
1960–1965 Increase 45.05
1965–1970 Increase 46.69
1970–1975 Increase 49.61
1975–1980 Increase 52.61
1980–1985 Increase 56.15
1985–1990 Increase 59.66
1990–1995 Decrease 59.44
1995–2000 Decrease 52.50
2000–2005 Decrease 45.93
2005–2010 Increase 48.41
2010–2015 Increase 54.99

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[6]

  • One birth every 18 minutes
  • One death every 50 minutes
  • One net migrant every 85 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 42 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[7]

Population

1,121,761 (2022 est.)
1,087,200 (July 2018 est.)

Religions

Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus Christ, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous, Jewish) (2015 est.)

Median age

total: 23.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 174th
male: 22.5 years
female: 24.7 years (2020 est.)
total: 23.2 years. Country comparison to the world: 175th
male: 22.2 years
female: 24 years (2018 est.)
total: 21.7 years
male: 21.5 years
female: 21.9 years (2017 est.)

Age structure

Population pyramid of Eswatini in 2020
0-14 years: 33.63% (male 185,640/female 185,808)
15-24 years: 18.71% (male 98,029/female 108,654)
25-54 years: 39.46% (male 202,536/female 233,275)
55-64 years: 4.36% (male 20,529/female 27,672)
65 years and over: 3.83% (male 15,833/female 26,503) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 34.41% (male 186,747 /female 187,412)
15-24 years: 19.31% (male 99,192 /female 110,770)
25-54 years: 38.22% (male 193,145 /female 222,405)
55-64 years: 4.28% (male 19,915 /female 26,663)
65 years and over: 3.77% (male 15,470 /female 25,481) (2018 est.)
0-14 years: 35.01% (male 259,646/female 253,976)
15-24 years: 22.12% (male 164,117/female 160,478)
25-54 years: 34.6% (male 264,262/female 243,362)
55-64 years: 4.3% (male 25,319/female 37,763)
65 years and over: 3.97% (male 22,113/female 36,116) (2017 est.)

Population growth rate

0.75% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 123rd
0.82% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 128th
1.08% (2017 est.)

Birth rate

23.35 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 49th
25.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 48th
24 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate

9.71 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 40th
10.7 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
13.2 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.44 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 71st
2.63 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 68th
2.69 children born/woman (2017 est.)

Net migration rate

-6.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 210th
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 82nd

Contraceptive prevalence rate

66.1% (2014)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 68.8 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 63.5 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 5.2 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 19.1 (2015 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 24.6% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 2.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 23.8% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 2.46% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Maternal mortality rate

389 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 48.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 52.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 44.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 59.69 years. Country comparison to the world: 219th
male: 57.62 years
female: 61.81 years (2022 est.)
total population: 57.2 years
male: 55.1 years
female: 59.3 years (2018 est.)
male: 52.7 years (2017 est.)
female: 51.5 years (2017 est.)
total population:
49.06 (2012 est.)
47.85 (2010 est.)
33.22 (2005 est.)
39.47 (2003 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.02 (2017, 2003 est.), 1.03 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
0-14 years: 1.02 (2017 est.), 0.99 male(s)/female (2003, 2000 est.)
15-24 years: 1.08 (2017 est.)
25-54 years: 0.66 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
65 years and over: 0.64 (2017 est.), 0.78 (2003 est.), 0.7 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
total population: 1 (2017 est.), 0.99 (2003 est.), 0.95 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Education expenditures

7.1% of GDP (2014)

Health expenditures

9.3% of GDP (2014)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

16.5% (2016)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

5.8% (2014)

Physicians density

0.15 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Hospital bed density

2.1 beds/1,000 population (2011)

HIV/AIDS

adult prevalence rate: 27.4% (2017 est.)
people living with HIV/AIDS: 210,000 (2017 est.)
deaths: 3,500 (2017 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: intermediate (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria
water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

Nationality

noun: Swazi(s) adjective: Swazi

Ethnic groups

Languages

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 88.4%
male: 88.3%
female: 88.5% (2018)
total population: 87.5% (2015 est.), 81.6% (2003 est.), 76.7% (1995 est.)
male: 87.4% (2015 est.), 82.6% (2003 est.), 78% (1995 est.)
female: 87.5% (2015 est.), 80.8% (2003 est.), 75.6% (1995 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 13 years
male: 13 years
female: 12 years (2013)

See also

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Eswatini.
  1. ↑ Nolen, Stephanie (2009-04-03). "Where have all the Swazis gone?". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-26.
  2. 1 2 "World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision" (PDF) (Press release). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2011-05-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-06.
  3. ↑ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  4. ↑ http://www.safaids.net/files/Swaziland%20Demographic%20and%20Health%20Survey%202006-2007.pdf%5B%5D
  5. ↑ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  6. ↑ "Swaziland Population 2022", World Population Review, archived from the original on 2019-03-23, retrieved 2019-03-23
  7. ↑ "The World FactBook - Eswatini", The World Factbook, 2022Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ↑ "SWAZILAND: General data". Archived from the original on 2018-05-29. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  9. ↑ "Africa :: ESWATINI". CIA The World Factbook. Retrieved 12 September 2018.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.

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