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The Evangelical Parliamentary Front or the Evangelical Caucus (known in Portuguese as Frente Parlamentar Evangélica and Bancada Evangélica respectively) is a loosely organized group of Evangelical lawmakers in the Brazilian government and legislature.

If considered a political party, the Evangelical Caucus would be the third largest in the Brazilian government, surpassed only by the Brazilian Democratic Movement and the Workers' Party.[1] It is a proeminent feature of Conservatism in Brazil.

History

Meeting of the Evangelical Parliamentary Front at the National Congress Palace in Brasilia, Brazil, 2023.

The Evangelical Parliamentary Front was founded in 2003 to bring together Evangelical parliamentarians, from all political parties, at the National Congress Palace in Brasilia, Brazil.[2]

The regularization of the FPE on the board of directors of the Chamber of Deputies only occurred on November 9, 2015, motivated by the exponential growth of the bench, a process that began with the significant election of 60 federal deputies who declared themselves evangelicals in the 2002 election.[2]

Leadership

The evangelical caucus has no formalized leadership; however João Campos de Araújo, Anthony Garotinho, Eduardo Cunha, Lincoln Portela, and Magno Malta were considered the unofficial leaders of the caucus in 2013.[3]

Membership

The Evangelical Caucus of Brazil has no defined standard of membership but is generally open to all Protestant lawmakers in the Brazilian legislature, including mainline denominations as well as members of evangelical and Pentecostal movements.

The caucus was formed especially because Brazil's fast growing Protestant population was underrepresented in government, and as is the norm Catholic and non-religious politicians are not allowed to be members.[4] Converative Catholic politicians are usually not considered to be part of the evangelical caucus, certain politicians such as Hugo Leal[5] and Jair Bolsonaro[6] often collaborate with the caucus.

Although the Evangelical Caucus is often perceived by the media, its members, and supporters to be conservative/right wing, it is worth noting that a few members are affiliated with left-wing politics in Brazil, such as Benedita da Silva,[7] Marina Silva,[8] and Walter Pinheiro.[9]

Influence on politics

The evangelical front is often seen as part of the rising Evangelical influence in politics in Latin America. The evangelical vote was seen as key in the Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and the election of Jair Bolsonaro in the 2018 election.[6]

Prominent members

Senate of Brazil

The following past and present members of the Brazilian Senate that are/were affiliated with the Evangelical caucus

imageNametermstatepartydenominationreference
Marina Silva1995–2003
2008–2011		AcrePT
PV		Assembleias de Deus[3]
Benedita da Silva1995–1998Rio de JaneiroPTAssembleias de Deus[7]
Magno Malta2003–2019Espírito SantoPRnon-denominational Evangelical[3]
Marcelo Crivella2003–2018Rio de JaneiroPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[10]
Walter Pinheiro2011–2016BahiaPTBaptists[11]
Eduardo Lopes2012–2014
2016–2019		Rio de JaneiroPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[12]
Guaracy Silveira2018–2019TocantinsPSLInternational Church of the Foursquare Gospel[13]
Zequinha Marinho2019–ParáPSCAssembleias de Deus[14]
Marcos Rogério2019–RondôniaDEMAssembleias de Deus[14]
Eliziane Gama2019–MaranhãoPPSAssembleias de Deus[14]
Arolde de Oliveira2019–2020Rio de JaneiroPSDBaptists[14]
Flávio Bolsonaro2019–Rio de JaneiroPSLBaptists[14]
Mecias de Jesus2019–RoraimaPRBNova Vida Baptist church[15][14]
Luis Carlos Heinze2019–Rio Grande do SulPPEvangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil[16]

Chamber of Deputies

The following past and present members of the Chamber of Deputies that are/were affiliated with the Evangelical caucus

imageNametermstatepartydenominationreference
Arolde de Oliveira1984–2019Rio de JaneiroPSDBaptists[14]
Flávio Rocha1984–1995Rio Grande do NortePTCComunidade Evangélica Sara Nossa Terra[17]
Benedita da Silva1987–1995
2011–		Rio de JaneiroPTAssembleias de Deus[7]
Marina Silva1991–1995AcrePTAssembleias de Deus[3]
Moroni Torgan1991–1995
2015–2019		CearáDEMThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints[18]
Edson Coelho Araújo1995–2001
2011–2017		São PauloPDMBPresbyterian Church of Brazil[18]
Walter Pinheiro1997–2011BahiaPTBaptists[11]
Magno Malta1999–2003Espírito SantoPRnon-denominational Evangelical[3]
Luis Carlos Heinze1999–2018Rio Grande do SulPPEvangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil[16]
Silas Câmara1999–AmazonasvariousAssembleias de Deus[19]
Lincoln Portela1999–Minas GeraisPRBSolidarity Baptist Church[20]
Josué Bengtson1999–2007ParáPTBInternational Church of the Foursquare Gospel[21]
Carlos Manato2001–2019Espírito SantoPDTIgreja Cristã Maranata[22]
Jefferson Alves de Campos2002–2006
2008–		São PauloPSD
PSB		International Church of the Foursquare Gospel[23]
Zequinha Marinho2003–2015ParáPSCAssembleias de Deus[14]
Onyx Lorenzoni2003–2019Rio Grande do SulDEMEvangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil[24]
Jorge Tadeu Mudalen2003–2019São PauloDEM
PMDB		International Grace of God Church[18]
Eduardo Cunha2003–2019Rio de JaneiroPMDBComunidade Evangélica Sara Nossa Terra[25]
Gilberto Nascimento2003–2007
2015–		São PauloPSCAssembleias de Deus[26]
João Campos de Araújo2003–GoiásPRBAssembleias de Deus[27]
Hidekazu Takayama2003–ParanáPSCAssembleias de Deus[28]
Antonio Bulhões2007–São PauloPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[29]
Vinicius Carvalho2007–2011
2014–		São PauloPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[30]
Cléber Verde2008–MaranhãoPRBAssembleias de Deus[31]
Paulo Freire Costa2008–São PauloPRAssembleias de Deus[32]
Márcio Marinho2008–BahiaPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[33]
Marco Feliciano2011–Rio de JaneiroPODE
PSC		Assembleias de Deus
Cathedral of Avivamento/Gideões Missionários da Última Hora		[34]
Pastor Eurico2011–PernambucoPATRI
PHS		Assembleias de Deus[35]
Aguinaldo Ribeiro2011–ParaíbaPPBrazilian Baptist Convention[36]
João Henrique Caldas2011–AlagoasPSBInternational Grace of God Church[37]
Laercio Oliveira2011–SergipePPPresbyterian Church of Brazil[38]
Ronaldo Fonseca2011–2018Distrito FederalPODE
PROS
PR		Assembleias de Deus[39]
Edmar Arruda2011–2019ParanáPSD
PSC		Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil[40]
Francisco Floriano2011–2015Rio de JaneiroDEM
PR		Universal Church of God's Power[41]
Anthony Garotinho2011–2015Rio de JaneiroPR
PRB		Presbyterian[42]
Missionário José Olimpio2011–2018São PauloDEM
PR		Universal Church of God's Power[43]
Fernando Francischini2011–2019ParanáSD
PSL		Assembleias de Deus[44]
Bruna Furlan2011–São PauloPSDBChristian Congregation in Brazil[45]
Clarissa Garotinho2015–Rio de JaneiroPR
PRB
PROS		Presbyterian[46]
Ronaldo Nogueira2015–Rio Grande do SulPTBAssembleias de Deus[47]
Alexandre Serfiotis2015–Rio de JaneiroPMDBFazei Discípulos Apostolic Church[48]
Áureo Lídio Moreira Ribeiro2015–Rio de JaneiroSDMethodist Church in Brazil[49]
Ezequiel Teixeira2015–2019Rio de JaneiroSDProjeto Vida Nova[50]
Tia Eron2015–2017BahiaPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[51]
Rosângela Gomes2015–Rio de JaneiroPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[52]
Sóstenes Cavalcante2015–Rio de JaneiroDEMAssembleias de Deus[53]
Johnathan de Jesus2015–RoraimaPRBNova Vida Baptist church[15]
Geovânia de Sá2015–Santa CatarinaPSDBAssembleias de Deus[54]
Stefano Aguiar2015–Minas GeraisPSDInternational Church of the Foursquare Gospel[55]
Jony Marcos2015–SergipePRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[56]
Alan Rick Miranda2015–AcreDEM
PRB		Forest Evangelical Baptist Church[57]
Lucio Mosquini2015–RondôniaMDBBrazilian Baptist Convention[58]
Toninho Wandscheer2015–ParanáPROSAssembleias de Deus[59]
Antônio Jácome2015–2018Rio Grande do NortePODE
PMN		Assembleias de Deus[60]
Lindomar Garçon2015–2019RondôniaPRB
MDB		Assembleias de Deus[61]
Franklin Lima2015–2019Minas GeraisPPUniversal Church of God's Power[18]
Fábio Fernandes de Sousa2015–GoiásPSDBIgreja Fonte da Vida[62]
Christiane Yared2015–ParanáPRCatedral do Reino de Deus[63]
Altineu Côrtes2015–Rio de JaneiroPRAssembleias de Deus[64]
Fausto Pinato2015–São PauloPP
PRB		Christian Congregation in Brazil[65]
Liziane Bayer2019–Rio Grande do SulPSBInternational Grace of God Church[66]
Manuel Marcos2019–AcrePRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[67]
Marcos Pereira2019–São PauloPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[68]
Felipe Francischini2019–ParanáPSLAssembleias de Deus[69]
Otoni de Paula2019–Rio de JaneiroPSCAssembleias de Deus[70]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Chico Marés (21 April 2013). "Bancada evangélica seria 3.º partido da Câmara" (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  2. 1 2 Machado e Rocha, Antonia Rozimar; de Sousa e Silva, Francisco Samuel; Alves Barreto, Amanda (2021-12-03). A Frente Parlamentar Evangélica no Congresso Nacional: Representatividade Política dos Evangélicos. Revista Inter-Legere. p. 4.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Principais líderes da bancada evangélica". Último Segundo (in Portuguese). iG Brasil. 14 April 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  4. ↑ Gabriel Castro and Marcela Mattos (23 March 2013). "Vinde a mim os eleitores: a força da bancada evangélica no Congresso" (in Portuguese). Veja. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  5. ↑ Lima, Luciana (5 September 2013). "Bancada evangélica tenta garantir controle da reforma do Código Penal na Câmara". iG Brasília (in Portuguese). Último Segundo. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  6. 1 2 "Bolsonaro, a Catholic, Expanded His Base Among Evangelicals". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2018-10-30. Retrieved 2018-11-01.
  7. 1 2 3 Silva, Benedita da; Benjamin, Medea (1 January 1997). Benedita Da Silva: An Afro-Brazilian Woman's Story of Politics and Love. Food First Books. ISBN 9780935028706.
  8. ↑ Blair, Leonardo (August 28, 2014). "Devout Evangelical Christian Marina Silva Started Life Illiterate in the Amazon; Now She's Primed to Become Brazil's First Black President". The Christian Post. The Christian Post, INC. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  9. ↑ Lima, Luciana (23 April 2013). "Evangélicos têm atuação heterogênea no Congresso" (in Portuguese). Último Segundo. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  10. ↑ Sims, Shannon (October 30, 2016). "Rio de Janeiro Elects Conservative, Sometimes Homophobic, Bishop To Mayor As Brazil Swings Right". Forbes. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  11. 1 2 Lima, Luciana (23 April 2013). "Evangélicos têm atuação heterogênea no Congresso". Último Segundo. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  12. ↑ "Suplente de Crivella é como ele: bispo da Universal e ex-ministro de Dilma" (in Portuguese). Alexandre Aragão. 3 November 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  13. ↑ "Bispo Guaracy Silveira é empossado como senador pelo Tocantins". JM Notícia (in Portuguese). 1 November 2018. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "De Araguacema -TO, Pastor Zequinha Marinho é eleito Senador no Pará" [From Araguacema -TO, Pastor Zequinha Marinho is elected Senator in Pará] (in Portuguese). JM Notícia. 8 October 2018. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  15. 1 2 Matos, Fábio (15 July 2012). "Voz da Universal no Congresso, PRB quer dobrar número de prefeitos e mira 2014". IG São Paulo (in Portuguese). Último Segundo. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  16. 1 2 "Luis Carlos Heinze é o Racista do Ano, segundo ONG" (in Portuguese). Exame. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  17. ↑ Rodrigues, Ludmila (26 April 2018). ""Seguimos os princípios da família e da Bíblia", diz mulher de Flávio Rocha, dono da Riachuelo" ["We follow the principles of the family and the Bible," says wife of Flávio Rocha, owner of Riachuelo] (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  18. 1 2 3 4 Marchesi, Reinaldo. "Opinião: Templo é dinheiro! Pequenas igrejas, grandes negócios" (in Portuguese). olhardireto. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  19. ↑ "Da Assembleia de Deus, Silas Câmara confirma apoio a Omar Aziz" (in Portuguese). Amazonas 1. 14 July 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  20. ↑ "LINCOLN PORTELA – Biografia". Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  21. ↑ "JOSUÉ BENGTSON – Biografia". Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 24 February 2019.
  22. ↑ Marcos (25 May 2018). "Oportunismo político nos 50 anos da Maranata no Senado" (in Portuguese). Agência Congresso. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  23. ↑ "Até algumas lideranças evangélicas se corromperam, diz pastor Eurico sobre votos a favor de Temer". guiame.com.br (in Portuguese). 30 October 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  24. ↑ "Evangélicos são protagonistas na luta contra corrupção em Brasília" (in Portuguese). Gospel Prime. 9 August 2016. Archived from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  25. ↑ Salvador, Susana (9 April 2010). "The Defender of Heterosexuals". DN Gente.
  26. ↑ "NASCIMENTO, Gilberto". FGV-C{DOC (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  27. ↑ Costa, Ricardo (30 May 2018). "Assembleia de Deus rompe com pastor João Campos e anuncia apoio a Glaustin da Fokus" [Assembly of God breaks with pastor João Campos and announces support to Glaustin da Fokus] (in Portuguese). JM Notícia. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  28. ↑ "BIOGRAFIA PASTOR HIDEKAZU TAKAYAMA". Assembléia de Deus de Curitiba-PR (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2019-09-19.
  29. ↑ "ANTONIO BULHÕES – Biografia". Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  30. ↑ Thiago de Araújo (26 January 2017). "Pastor da Universal, deputado Vinícius Carvalho apresenta projeto para vetar qualquer união poliafetiva no País" (in Portuguese). Huffington Post - Brazil. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  31. ↑ "Igreja Universal 'concentra' seus deputados no PRB" (in Portuguese). Estadão. 14 November 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  32. ↑ "Pastor Presidente - Paulo Roberto Freire da Costa" (in Portuguese). Igreja Evangélica Assembléia de Deus - Min. Belém. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  33. ↑ Marinho, Márcio (31 July 2017). "Comunicação e democracia" (in Portuguese). Jornal Gran de Bahia. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  34. ↑ "Pastor e Deputado acusado e afastado da Assembléia de Deus" (in Portuguese). 15 April 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  35. ↑ "Até algumas lideranças evangélicas se corromperam, diz pastor Eurico sobre votos a favor de Temer". guiame.com.br (in Portuguese). 30 October 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  36. ↑ "Novo líder do governo na Câmara é investigado na Lava Jato no STF" [New leader of the government in the House is investigated in the Lava Jato in the STF]. Veja. 23 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  37. ↑ "Fotos mostram JHC pedindo votos em culto" (in Portuguese). Gazeta de Alagoas. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  38. ↑ "Precisamos avaliar os candidatos à reeleição da Bancada Evangélica" (in Portuguese). Carta Capital. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  39. ↑ "Pastor Ronaldo Fonseca vira Ministro de Temer e assume cargo de Secretário da Presidência" (in Portuguese). Gospel Mais. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  40. ↑ "Edmar Arruda Deputado Federal" (in Portuguese). Carta Capital. 24 June 2010. Archived from the original on 24 June 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  41. ↑ "Deputado Francisco Floriano participou da criação de igrejas de bispo Macedo e Valdomiro Santiago" (in Portuguese). O Globo. 4 November 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  42. ↑ Anthony Garotinho: Evangelical 'sniper', BBC News, September 18, 2002
  43. ↑ "Deputado da Igreja Mundial propõe novo feriado: Dia de Adorar a Deus" (in Portuguese). Gospel Prime. 14 October 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  44. ↑ Marés, Chico (16 September 2012). "De olho no voto evangélico, candidatos brigam por pastores" (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  45. ↑ Chagas, Tiago (6 October 2014). "Eleições 2014: confira o desempenho dos principais candidatos evangélicos" (in Portuguese). Gospel Prime. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  46. ↑ "Com 20% do eleitorado, evangélicos são disputados no Rio". terra.com (in Portuguese). 7 June 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  47. ↑ Andreia Verdélio (12 May 2016). "Novo ministro do Trabalho é o deputado Ronaldo Nogueira" (in Portuguese). EBC - Agência Brasil. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  48. ↑ "Bancada Evangélica: confira o posicionamento dos parlamentares sobre o Impeachment" (in Portuguese). 7 April 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  49. ↑ "Quem é Aureo?" (in Portuguese). Deputado Aureo. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  50. ↑ "Ap. Ezequiel Teixeira". Projeto Vida Nova em Nilópolis (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  51. ↑ "Voto de Tia Eron no Conselho será dirigido por pastor: 'O que ele mandar, ela vai fazer', dizem aliados". Da Redação (in Portuguese). Correio. 9 June 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  52. ↑ Galdo, Rafael (11 October 2014). "Em caminhada ao lado de deputadas ligadas à Universal, Crivella chama Pezão de 'fraude eleitoral'" (in Portuguese). O Globo. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  53. ↑ "Pr. Sóstenes Cavalcante passa a ser suplente na CDH e não poderá concorrer à presidência da Comissão". guiame.com.br (in Portuguese). 6 March 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  54. ↑ Chagas, Thiago (23 May 2016). "Bancada evangélica realiza sessão em homenagem a Israel; Assista" (in Portuguese). Gospel Mais. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  55. ↑ "Em caminhada ao lado de deputadas ligadas à Universal, Crivella chama Pezão de 'fraude eleitoral'" (in Portuguese). Quadrangular.org. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  56. ↑ "Jony Marcos se reúne com o presidente eleito Bolsonaro em Brasília" [Jony Marcos meets with President-elect Bolsonaro in Brasilia] (in Portuguese). Journal da Cidade. 5 December 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  57. ↑ Assumpção, Helen; Gomes, Douglas (21 November 2014). "Alan Rick: um acreano e republicano em defesa da família em Brasília" [Alan Rick: an Acre and Republican in defense of the family in Brasilia]. PRB (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  58. ↑ "Irmão de igreja de Lúcio Mosquini é dono de empresa fenômeno que arrecado mais de R$ 100 Milhõnes" (in Portuguese). Correio Central. 11 December 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  59. ↑ Silva, Karoline (13 April 2018). "Deputado Toninho Wandscheer recebe pastor Presidente da Igreja Assembléia de Deus de Fazenda Rio Grande" (in Portuguese). Destaque Regional. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  60. ↑ "Deputado federal Antônio Jácome lança livro sobre sua atuação parlamentar". Podemos (in Portuguese). 31 August 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  61. ↑ "PRB recebe deputado federal Lindomar Garçon" (in Portuguese). Tudo Rondônia. 10 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  62. ↑ "FÁBIO SOUSA – Biografia". Assembileia Legislativa do Goiás (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  63. ↑ Fernandes, José Carlos (19 December 2009). "O ano em que Cristiane Yared foi às ruas" (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  64. ↑ "COAF – Saiba quem foram os deputados evangélicos que votaram contra Moro; confira" (in Portuguese). JM Notícia. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  65. ↑ "Com boa votação, Russomano reforça bancada evangélica". Estadão (in Portuguese). Politica. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
  66. ↑ Ferreira, Luciane. "Liziane Bayer faz homenagem ao Ministério Mulheres Que Vencem, da Igreja Internacional Graça de Deus" (in Portuguese). PSB 40. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  67. ↑ Menezes, Gina (5 October 2018). "Manuel Marcos: o candidato cristão em busca de ampliar sua atuação e disputa por uma vaga na Câmara Federal" (in Portuguese). Folha do Acre. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  68. ↑ "Membros da Executiva Nacional" (in Portuguese). PRB 10 - Partido Republicano Brasileiro. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  69. ↑ Bubniak, Taiana (14 October 2014). "Felipe Francischini: Tive que mostrar que tenho um histórico próprio de lutas" (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  70. ↑ "Otoni de Paula – Biografia". Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 December 2019.
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