Formation of ICFRA

Starting at the 1999 Palma and Individual Long Range World Championship in South Africa, representatives of 14 countries met and a formed a steering committee to form the foundation of an international organization to become the successor of the Palma Council.^[3] ICFRA was formally founded in July 2003 and the management of the Palma Match and the other Target Rifle World Championship events is vested in its World Championship Committee as successor to the Palma Council; and management of F-Class World Championships is vested in it F-Class Committee. The Palma Match shot in 2003 was the first to have the formal status of World Team Championship.

The Palma Match

The Palma Trophy

Palma competition dates from 1876, featuring long-range rifle shooting out to 1,000 yards. The first Palma Match was contested by teams from the U.S., Australia, Canada, Scotland and Ireland (with muzzle-loading rifles at that time). The Match is the world's second-oldest International Team Match, behind only the America's Cup. The matches continued to the late 1920s, and the trophy was eventually lost in Washington DC around the outbreak of WW2. The match was revived in the modern era in 1966 in Canada, and continues between teams from around the world. The bolt-action rifles are to ICFRA TR specification (either .308 Winchester or .223 Remington are allowed) and fire Match Grade ammunition using a 155 or 90 grain bullet respectively using micrometer aperture (iron) sights.^[4] The last two International Long-range Target Rifle World Championships were held in the U.S. in 2015 and New Zealand in 2019, when the Palma Trophy was won by Great Britain (2015) and Australia (2019).^[5] The Reference contains a history of all results of the Palma Match since its inception. The modern Palma Match requires Teams of 16 Firers occupying 4 Targets: together with 4 Target Wind Coaches, Captain, Manager, Main Wind Coach and 2 Reserves a full strength Palma 'Squad' is 25 persons.

F-Class

F-Class was started in Canada by the late George "Farky" Farquharson after whom the class is named.^[6] He is in the DCRA Hall of Fame in the Builder category for those members who have made a truly lasting impact on the Association.^[7] In the United States, J.J. Conway is considered the "grandfather of F-Class".^[8]

Target Rifle (Palma)

In Palma-style competitions only iron-sighted rifles are permitted, and competitors may use slings and special clothing to increase stability.

Target Rifle is a fullbore rifle discipline shot with iron-sighted rifles at ranges from 300 to 1000 yards or metric equivalents.^[9] Shooting is conducted prone with the rifle supported with an adjustable sling comprising a cuff for the upper arm and an adjustable strap connected to the rifle's forend.^[10] Special shooting jackets are permitted, which can increase the stability of the shooter, reduce movement of the firearm due to pulse, help with consistent recoil management and provide padding for the elbows against the ground. Because of the tension of the sling and the weight of the rifle, it is common to use a padded shooting glove in the support hand for comfort. No bipods or rests are permitted. Minimum trigger pull weight is 500 grams (approximately 1.1 lbs). The total weight of the rifle is unlimited. The rifle must be chambered for either the unmodified .308 Winchester/ 7.62×51mm or .223 Remington/ 5.56×45mm cartridge cases. Bullet weight for .308 Win must be less than 156 grains (10 grams) (typically 155 grain bullets are used), and less than 91 grains (5.8 grams) for .223 Rem (typically 80 or 90 grain bullets are used). The type of rear sights used in TR shooting are dubbed "iron sights" or "aperture sights".^[11] to distinguish them from telescopic sights or "Riflescopes". The sights move in the vertical and horizontal planes in fixed increments of (typically) 1/4 Minutes of Angle (MOA): as a rule of thumb, moving the sight by 1 MOA moves the impact of the shots by 1 inch (25mm) per hundred yards distance of the target from the rifle. Sights with finer increments (1/8 MOA) or coarser (1/2 MOA) are to be found, but are less commonly seen on iron-sighted full bore target rifles. Shooters may use a foresight lens of no greater magnification of +0.5 dioptre (Focal Length 2M) and a single corrective lens or variable dioptre not exceeding 1.5x magnification in the rearsight. The US Palma Rifle differs little from the Target Rifle specification except in so far as the trigger pull does not have a minimum weight and the chamber specification is 7.62×51mm NATO and 5.56×45mm NATO. US competitions designated 'Palma' often allow bullets heavier than 155 grain: the World Championship Palma Match does not. In addition, US competitions often have a section for service rifles of the appropriate calibre and sighting.

• 
  A U.S. marksman at the 2014 Inter-service Rifle Competition at Quantico Marine Base, Virginia.
• 
  An L81 A2 Cadet Target Rifle.
• 
  Swing Mk4 - a typical wooden-stocked target rifle

F-Class

In F-Class, telescopic sights, rear bags, and either a bipod or front rest is permitted. The nearest shooter has a bipod, the next one a pedestal rest

F-Class is a rapidly growing variant of Fullbore Target Rifle which permits optical telescopic sights and shooting rests such as a pedestal rest or a bipod at the front of the rifle and a tightly packed sandbag at the rear of the rifle. Competitions are fired at distances from 300 to 1000 yards and, recognising the inherent increase in accuracy of supported rifles, the center of the target has an extra scoring ring which is half the size of the smallest one used in traditional Target Rifle shooting and each ring scores one point less than it does for Target Rifle. Competitors can choose to compete in one of the two classes F(Open) or F/TR:

• F-Open (Open Class): All rifle calibres up to 8 mm (0.31 in) may be used, along with a scope, and one can choose between using front rest and rear bag, or a bipod/ backpack, also with a rear bag. The weight limit including optics is 10 kg (22 lb).^[12]
• F/TR ("F-Target Rifle"), : A restricted class permitting a scope, bipod/ backpack and rear bag (no front rest), but the rifle has to be of either calibre .223 Remington or .308 Winchester and the bullet may be of any weight. In addition, the weight limit (including optics) for the rifle is 8.25 kg (18.2 lb).^[12] The designation '-Target Rifle' reflects the original intention that it would appeal to elderly or less physically able TR shooters who wished to remain in the sport while using their original equipment.

• 
  A BCM Europearms rifle intended for use with front rest and rear bag in the F-Class Open.
• 
  Another BCM Europearms rifle intended F-Class Open, this one with a bipod instead of a front rest.

Ammunition

The reason for limiting bullet weights in the fullbore discipline of Target Rifle is to level the playing field and make the competition about physical and wind reading skills instead of about equipment.^[13] Lighter bullets usually have a lower ballistic coefficient and are therefore more susceptible to wind drift. .308 Winchester/ 7.62×51mm is limited to a maximum bullet weight of 156 grains (ca. 10 grams), which can be seen as a little bit on the light side for the .308 calibre in long range shooting. .223 Rem/ 5.56×45mm is limited to a maximum bullet weight of 91 grains (ca 5.8 grams), which can be seen as a little on the heavy side for the calibre, thus increasing the long range potential of the otherwise "inferior" .223 calibre compared to the .308. Surprisingly, the little .223 does just a well as a .308, but it is difficult to find a load and a rifle that will shoot competitively, because of the precision there needs to be.

The F-Class Open has no limitations on bullet weight, as long as the calibre is 8mm or less. Note that some ICFRA member associations may have additional national competition classes with other calibre and equipment restrictions; notably a maximum calibre of .35" (8.89mm) in the US.

Other equipment and accessories

All competitors are allowed to use a spotting scope while shooting. The most important use of the spotting scope is reading the wind by watching mirage downrange, which is easier with higher magnification. Scopes with powers between 30 and 50× and a lens diameter of 50 mm or larger are commonly used.^[10] When shooting at paper targets, another common use of the spotting scope is to spot for the scoring disks which are placed onto the targets by range personnel to indicate the score of the shot just fired and its location. The use of scoring disks is not necessary when using electronic targets.

All competitors may use a shooting mat for padding and insulation against the ground.

Distances and targets

ICFRA competitions can be held in either a short range or long range format (or, typically, both), with distances either in the imperial yards or the metric meters. F-Class shoots at the same targets as Target Rifle, but with the extra ring as described above. The scoring is based on points, with the object to place shots as close to the center or "Bull" as possible.^[6] While short range is shot at a different target size for each of the distances, long range is shot at the one and same target for all three distances (800, 900 & 1000 yards). The 'bullseye' is the second smallest ring on the relevant target: the smallest ring is used for breaking tied scores and is designated the 'Vee-Bull' (in the US the 'X'): for the two or more equal bullseye-based scores that with the highest number of Vee-bulls is superior. The ICFRA bullseye counts 5 points, the US Palma bullseye 10 points making the maximum scores for 10 shots 50 (10-Vee) (ICFRA) or 100 (10-X) in the US. Thus, 50 with 6 Vees ("50.6") is superior to 49 with 8 Vees ("49.8").

The imperial short range distances are:

• 300 yd (274.32 m)
• 500 yd (457.2 m)
• 600 yd (548.64 m).

The metric short range distances are:

• 300 m
• 500 m
• 600 m.

Long range is shot between 700 m to 1000 yds (914.4 m).

Palma Match (Team Event)

Overall

Year	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Venue
1876	United States	Ireland	Scotland	Creedmoor, USA
1877	United States	Great Britain	-	Creedmoor, USA
1901	Canada	United States	-	Sea Girt, USA
1902	Great Britain	United States	Canada	Rockliffe, Canada
1903	United States	Great Britain	Canada	Bisley, UK
1907	United States	Canada	Australia	Rockliffe, Canada
1912	United States	Canada	-	Rockliffe, Canada
1913	United States	Argentina	Canada	Camp Perry, USA
1928	United States	Cuba	-	Camp Perry, USA
1966	United States	Canada	-	Camp Perry, USA
1967	Canada	Great Britain	United States	Connaught, Canada
1968	United States	Canada	-	Camp Perry, USA
1969	United States	Great Britain	Canada	Connaught, Canada
1970	Great Britain	United States	Canada	Bisley, UK
1971	United States	Great Britain	Canada	Camp Perry, USA
1972	Canada	United States	-	Connaught, Canada
1973	United States	Canada	-	Camp Perry, USA
1974	South Africa	United States	Rhodesia	Bloemfontein, South Africa
1976	United States	South Africa	Great Britain	Camp Perry, USA
1979	Australia	New Zealand	United States	Trentham, New Zealand
1982	Canada	Australia	New Zealand	Connaught, Canada
1985	United States	Great Britain	Australia	Bisley, UK
1988	Australia	Great Britain	New Zealand	Sydney, Australia
1992	Great Britain	Canada	New Zealand	Raton, New Mexico
1995	Great Britain	United States	New Zealand	Trentham, New Zealand
1999	South Africa	Great Britain	New Zealand	Bloemfontein, South Africa
2003	Great Britain	United States	South Africa	Bisley, UK
2007	Great Britain	South Africa	Australia	Ottawa, Canada
2011	Great Britain	South Africa	United States	Brisbane, Australia
2015	Great Britain	United States	South Africa	Camp Perry, USA
2019	Australia	Great Britain	United States	Seddon Range, New Zealand
2024				Bloemfontain, South Africa

Individual Long Range World Championships

The following categories are awarded:

• Overall
• Veterans (over 60 years)
• Age 21-25 years
• Age under 21 years

in addition there are special prizes for:-

• Super Veteran (over 70 years)
• Highest Female shooter: Fullbore Rifle is gender-blind, recognising that female shooters can, and frequently do, outscore their male colleagues. See 2003 Overall Individual below for example.

Overall

Year	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Venue
1992	TA Ringer	A St G Tucker	D Coleman	Raton, New Mexico, United States
1995	TA Ringer	DC Calvert	E Pintard	Trentham, New Zealand
1999	DV Enslin	SR Dunstall	Ms N Zinmaster	Bloemfontein, South Africa
2003	(Miss) SJ Gallacher	J Pugsley	Lt N Ball	National Shooting Centre, Bisley, Great Britain
2007	DC Luckman	M Collings	(Mrs) N Zinmaster-Mayo	Connaught, Canada
2011	R Jeens	A du Toit	DC Luckman	Brisbane, Australia
2015	B Emms	N Ball	M Pozzebon	Camp Perry, Ohio, United States
2019	S Negus	M Bailey	DC Luckman	Trentham, New Zealand

Veteran

Year	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Venue
2003	EE Stigant			National Shooting Centre, Bisley, Great Britain
2007	TJ Whitaker			Connaught, Canada
2011	TJ Whitaker			Brisbane, Australia
2015	David Tubb			Camp Perry, Ohio, United States
2019	MI Buchanan			Trentham, New Zealand
2024				Bloemfontain, South Africa

Under 25 year

Year	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Venue
2003	R Stewart			National Shooting Centre, Bisley, Great Britain
2007	P Seebohm			Connaught, Canada
2011	A du Toit			Brisbane, Australia
2015	Jack Alexander			Camp Perry, Ohio, United States
2019	C Schwebel			Trentham, New Zealand

Under 21 years

Year	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Venue
2003	PRD Stock			National Shooting Centre, Bisley, Great Britain
2007	DA Richardson			Connaught, Canada
2011	No championship held
2015	Waylon Burbach			Camp Perry, Ohio, United States
2019	L Rettmer			Trentham, New Zealand

Individual F-Class

Overall

Year	Class	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Venue
2002		W Scholze	L Bartholome	R Crone	Connaught, Canada
2005		MW Tompkins	L Bartholome	S Ahrens	Bloemfontein, South Africa
2009	Open	G Costello	D Parr	G Taylor	National Shooting Centre, Bisley, Great Britain
2009	F-TR	R Simmonds	G Barnard	S Pate	National Shooting Centre, Bisley, Great Britain
2013	Open	K Adams	M Lobert	B Mead	NRA Whittington Center, Raton, New Mexico, United States
2013	F-TR	N Taylor	R Simmonds	D Buell	NRA Whittington Center, Raton, New Mexico, United States
2017	Open	R Davies[15]	P Sandie	A Pohl	Connaught, Canada
2017	Open - U25	R Ireland	J West	M Bramley	Connaught, Canada
2017	F-TR	D Rodgers	K Chou	B Litz	Connaught, Canada
2017	FTR - U25	M Fitzpatrick	S McSparron	C McSparron	Connaught, Canada
2023	Open	B Engelbrecht	J Louw	R Davies	Bloemfontein, South Africa
2023	F-TR	H Rolfes	J Cilliers	D Labuschagne	Bloemfontein, South Africa
2025	Open				National Shooting Centre, Bisley, Great Britain
2025	F-TR				National Shooting Centre, Bisley, Great Britain