Istiklol in Asian football
ClubIstiklol
First entry2011 AFC President's Cup
Latest entry2023–24 AFC Champions League
Titles
President's Cup2012

Istiklol is a Tajik football club based in Dushanbe, a city located in Tajikistan.

History

Matches

As of match played 5 December 2023
Season Competition Round Club Home Away Aggregate
2011 AFC President's Cup Group B State of Palestine Jabal Al Mukaber 2–0 1st
Bhutan Yeedzin 8–0
Myanmar Yadanarbon 1–1
Final Stage
Group A
Chinese Taipei Taipower FC 0–2 3rd
Turkmenistan Balkan 1–1
2012 AFC President's Cup Group C State of Palestine Markaz Shabab Al-Am'ari 1–0 1st
Turkmenistan Balkan 2–1
Final Stage
Group A
Kyrgyzstan Dordoi Bishkek 2–0 1st
Cambodia Phnom Penh Crown 1–1
Final State of Palestine Markaz Shabab Al-Am'ari 2–1
2015 AFC Cup Group C Kuwait Qadsia 2–0 2–2 1st
Turkmenistan Ahal 5–2 2–1
Iraq Erbil 0–0 1–3
Round of 16 Syria Al-Wahda 1–1 (p)
Quarter-finals Malaysia Pahang 4–0 1–3 5–3
Semi-finals Kuwait Al-Kuwait w/o[1][2] 0–4 w/o
Final Malaysia Johor Darul Ta'zim 0–1
2016 AFC Cup Group B Iraq Naft Al-Wasat 0–1 0–2 4th
Jordan Al-Faisaly 0–0 2–4
Lebanon Tripoli 1–3 0–1
2017 AFC Cup Group D Turkmenistan Altyn Asyr 1–0 1–1 1st
Kyrgyzstan Alay Osh 3–1 4–1
Kyrgyzstan Dordoi Bishkek 2–0 4–1
Inter-zone play-off semi-final Philippines Ceres Negros 4–0 1–1 5–1
Inter-zone play-off final India Bengaluru 1–0 2–2 3–2
Final Iraq Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya 0–1
2018 AFC Cup Group D Kyrgyzstan Alay Osh 1–0 3–2 2nd
Turkmenistan Altyn Asyr 2–3 2–2
Turkmenistan Ahal 1–0 1–0
2019 AFC Champions League Preliminary round 2 Uzbekistan AGMK 2–4
2019 AFC Cup Group D Kyrgyzstan Dordoi Bishkek 4–1 1–2 2nd
Turkmenistan Altyn Asyr 1–1 1–1
Tajikistan Khujand 3–0 2–3
2020 AFC Champions League Preliminary round 2 Uzbekistan Lokomotiv Tashkent 1–0
Play-off round Saudi Arabia Al-Ahli 0–1
2020 AFC Cup Group D Kyrgyzstan Dordoi Bishkek - [3]
Turkmenistan Altyn Asyr
Tajikistan Khujand 2–0
2021 AFC Champions League Group A Saudi Arabia Al Hilal 4–1 1–3 1st
United Arab Emirates Shabab al-Ahli 0–0 1–0
Uzbekistan AGMK 1–2 3–2
Round of 16 Iran Persepolis 0–1
2022 AFC Champions League Group A Saudi Arabia Al Hilal 0–3 0–1 4th
Qatar Al-Rayyan 2–3 0–1
United Arab Emirates Sharjah 2–0 1–2
2023–24 AFC Champions League Group E Iran Persepolis 1–1 0–2 4th
Qatar Al-Duhail 0–0 0–2
Saudi Arabia Al Nassr 1–1 1–3
2024–25 AFC Champions League 2 Group ?

Player statistics

Appearances

As of match played 5 December 2023
Rank Position Player Years AFC President's Cup AFC Cup AFC Champions League AFC Champions League 2 Total
1MFTajikistan Fatkhullo Fatkhulloyev2011–2017, 2018–201910 (4)40 (7)1 (0)- (-)51 (11)
2DFTajikistan Akhtam Nazarov2013–2019, 2020–2023, 2023–Present- (-)38 (3)11 (0)- (-)49 (3)
3MFTajikistan Nuriddin Davronov2009–2012, 2013–2016, 2017,
2017–20128, 2019, 2022
10 (1)26 (3)10 (0)- (-)46 (4)
4FWTajikistan Manuchekhr Dzhalilov2015–2017, 2020–Present- (-)29 (11)15 (4)- (-)44 (15)
5FWTajikistan Dilshod Vasiyev2009–201910 (4)32 (8)- (-)- (-)42 (12)
6GKSerbia Nikola Stošić2013–2020- (-)39 (0)1 (0)- (-)40 (0)
7DFTajikistan Siyovush Asrorov2013–2018, 2022–2023- (-)30 (0)- (-)- (-)30 (0)
8MFTajikistan Mukhammadzhon Rakhimov2017–2021, 2022–2023- (-)16 (0)13 (2)- (-)29 (2)
9MFTajikistan Ehson Panjshanbe2016–2020, 2023–Present- (-)16 (1)9 (0)- (-)25 (1)
10MFTajikistan Jakhongir Jalilov2009–201610 (0)14 (2)- (-)- (-)24 (2)
11MFTajikistan Alisher Dzhalilov2019–2022, 2023–Present- (-)7 (3)16 (3)- (-)23 (6)
12MFTajikistan Romish Jalilov2012–2018, 2020–2021, 2023–Present- (-)17 (2)5 (0)- (-)22 (2)
13MFTajikistan Amirbek Juraboev2016–2019, 2020–2022- (-)19 (0)2 (0)- (-)21 (0)
14GKTajikistan Rustam Yatimov2017, 2018–Present- (-)1 (0)19 (0)- (-)20 (0)
15DFTajikistan Davronjon Ergashev2011–2012, 2016, 20189 (3)10 (0)- (-)- (-)19 (3)
16DFUkraine Petro Kovalchuk2015–2016- (-)17 (0)- (-)- (-)17 (0)
16DFUkraine Oleksiy Larin2019–2021- (-)7 (0)10 (0)- (-)17 (0)
18MFTajikistan Parvizdzhon Umarbayev2015–2016- (-)16 (1)- (-)- (-)16 (1)
18MFTajikistan Shahrom Sulaymonov2018–Present- (-)1 (0)15 (1)- (-)16 (1)
20DFTajikistan Iskandar Dzhalilov2013–2014, 2019–2022- (-)7 (0)8 (0)- (-)15 (0)
20DFTajikistan Eraj Rajabov2009–201510 (0)5 (0)- (-)- (-)15 (0)
20DFUkraine Artem Baranovskyi2017–2018- (-)15 (0)- (-)- (-)15 (0)
23DFIran Mehdi Chahjouyi2015–2016- (-)14 (1)- (-)- (-)14 (1)
23FWTajikistan Rustam Soirov2020–2022- (-)1 (0)13 (1)- (-)14 (1)
25MFTajikistan Jahongir Aliev2016–2017- (-)13 (2)- (-)- (-)13 (2)
25FWTajikistan Shervoni Mabatshoev2021–Present- (-)- (-)13 (0)- (-)13 (0)
27DFTajikistan Tabrezi Davlatmir2016–2021, 2022–Present- (-)4 (0)8 (-)- (-)12 (0)
27FWTajikistan Sheriddin Boboev2015–2020- (-)10 (1)2 (0)- (-)12 (1)
29MFTajikistan Khurshed Makhmudov2014–2016- (-)11 (4)- (-)- (-)11 (4)
29FWRussia Dmitry Barkov2017- (-)11 (3)- (-)- (-)11 (3)
31MFTajikistan Ibrahim Rabimov2011–201310 (3)- (-)- (-)- (-)10 (3)
31DFTajikistan Sokhib Suvonkulov2009–2013, 2014–20179 (0)1 (0)- (-)- (-)10 (0)
31MFGhana David Mawutor2014, 2016–2018- (-)10 (2)- (-)- (-)10 (2)
31FWSpain Manolo Bleda2014–2015- (-)10 (1)- (-)- (-)10 (1)
35MFTajikistan Nozim Babadjanov2016–2017, 2018–2019- (-)8 (0)1 (0)- (-)9 (0)
35MFTajikistan Zoir Dzhuraboyev2019–2022- (-)1 (0)8 (-)- (-)9 (0)
35FWTajikistan Yusuf Rabiev2009–20129 (1)- (-)- (-)- (-)9 (1)
35FWTajikistan Mahmadali Sodikov2011–20129 (1)- (-)- (-)- (-)9 (1)
39GKTajikistan Alisher Tuychiev2011–20157 (0)1 (0)- (-)- (-)8 (0)
39MFTajikistan Umedzhon Sharipov2012–20152 (1)6 (0)- (-)- (-)8 (1)
41DFUzbekistan Jalil Kimsanov2019- (-)6 (1)1 (0)- (-)7 (1)
41DFTajikistan Vakhdat Khanonov2020–2021- (-)- (-)7 (1)- (-)7 (1)
41FWTajikistan Farkhod Tokhirov2010–2012, 20127 (6)- (-)- (-)- (-)7 (6)
44DFUkraine Andriy Mishchenko2021- (-)- (-)6 (0)- (-)6 (0)
44DFTajikistan Manuchekhr Safarov2022–Present- (-)- (-)6 (2)- (-)6 (2)
44DFRussia Nikita Chicherin2022- (-)- (-)6 (0)- (-)6 (0)
44DFTajikistan Sodikjon Kurbonov2023–Present- (-)- (-)6 (0)- (-)6 (0)
44DFCroatia Ivan Novoselec2023–Present- (-)- (-)6 (0)- (-)6 (0)
44MFBelarus Mikalay Zyanko2018- (-)6 (2)- (-)- (-)6 (2)
44MFSerbia Mihajlo Cakić2019- (-)5 (1)1 (0)- (-)6 (1)
44MFUzbekistan Mukhammad Isaev2022- (-)- (-)6 (1)- (-)6 (1)
44MFBosnia and Herzegovina Dženis Beganović2023–Present- (-)- (-)6 (0)- (-)6 (0)
44MFTajikistan Amadoni Kamolov2023–Present- (-)- (-)6 (0)- (-)6 (0)
44FWTajikistan Ruslan Rafikov2011–20126 (0)- (-)- (-)- (-)6 (0)
44FWTajikistan Komron Tursunov2018–2019- (-)5 (0)1 (0)- (-)6 (0)
44FWTajikistan Islom Zoirov2021–2022- (-)- (-)6 (0)- (-)6 (0)
44FWGabon Eric Bocoum2022- (-)- (-)6 (1)- (-)6 (1)
44FWIvory Coast Senin Sebai2023- (-)- (-)6 (2)- (-)6 (2)
59DFBelarus Uladzislaw Kasmynin2022- (-)- (-)5 (1)- (-)5 (1)
59MFUkraine Oleksandr Kablash2016- (-)5 (2)- (-)- (-)5 (2)
59MFTajikistan Akmal Kholmatov2016- (-)5 (0)- (-)- (-)5 (0)
59MFUkraine Oleksandr Stetsenko2017- (-)5 (0)- (-)- (-)5 (0)
59MFTajikistan Khurshed-Timur Dzhuraev2019–2021- (-)1 (0)4 (0)- (-)5 (0)
64GKUzbekistan Farhot Yuldashev2012–20134 (0)- (-)- (-)- (-)4 (0)
64DFTajikistan Umed Khabibulloyev2010–20124 (0)- (-)- (-)- (-)4 (0)
64DFTajikistan Daler Imomnazarov2021–2023- (-)- (-)4 (0)- (-)4 (0)
64DFTajikistan Alidzhon Karomatullozoda2022–Present- (-)- (-)4 (0)- (-)4 (0)
64DFArmenia Artur Kartashyan2023–Present- (-)- (-)4 (0)- (-)4 (0)
64DFIvory Coast Cédric Gogoua2023- (-)- (-)4 (0)- (-)4 (0)
64FWTajikistan Shahrom Samiev2019–2020- (-)4 (1)- (-)- (-)4 (1)
71GKTajikistan Mukhriddin Khasanov2021–Present- (-)- (-)3 (0)- (-)3 (0)
71DFTajikistan Farkhod Vasiyev2017- (-)3 (0)- (-)- (-)3 (0)
71DFSerbia Marko Milić2020- (-)1 (0)2 (0)- (-)3 (0)
71MFTajikistan Firuz Bobiev2011–20123 (0)- (-)- (-)- (-)3 (0)
71MFRussia Aleksandr Kudryashov20123 (0)- (-)- (-)- (-)3 (0)
71MFGermany Alexander Frank2012–20133 (0)- (-)- (-)- (-)3 (0)
71MFTajikistan Faridoon Sharipov2016–2017- (-)3 (0)- (-)- (-)3 (0)
71FWArmenia Ruslan Koryan2019- (-)3 (2)- (-)- (-)3 (2)
71FWTajikistan Jahongir Ergashev2012–2015, 2017- (-)3 (0)- (-)- (-)3 (0)
71FWNetherlands Hüseyin Doğan2021- (-)- (-)3 (0)- (-)3 (0)
81DFTajikistan Akmal Saburov2011–20122 (1)- (-)- (-)- (-)2 (1)
81MFBelarus Sergey Tikhonovsky2018- (-)2 (0)- (-)- (-)2 (0)
81MFRussia Viktor Svezhov2020–2021- (-)- (-)2 (0)- (-)2 (0)
81MFNigeria Joseph Okoro2023- (-)- (-)2 (0)- (-)2 (0)
85DFTajikistan Bakhtior Kalandarov2019- (-)- (-)1 (0)- (-)1 (0)
85DFUkraine Temur Partsvania2022- (-)- (-)1 (0)- (-)1 (0)
85MFTajikistan Dadakhon Muminov20121 (0)- (-)- (-)- (-)1 (0)
85MFTajikistan Shahzod Suleimonov20121 (0)- (-)- (-)- (-)1 (0)
85MFTajikistan Sharifbek Rakhmatov2020- (-)- (-)1 (0)- (-)1 (0)
85MFTajikistan Salam Ashurmamadov2019- (-)- (-)1 (0)- (-)1 (0)
85MFJapan Ryota Noma2021- (-)- (-)1 (0)- (-)1 (0)
85FWTajikistan Firdavs Kurbonov20121 (0)- (-)- (-)- (-)1 (0)
85FWTurkmenistan Wahyt Orazsähedow2020- (-)1 (0)- (-)- (-)1 (0)

Goalscorers

As of match played 5 December 2023
Name Years AFC President's Cup AFC Cup AFC Champions League AFC Champions League 2 Total Ratio
1Tajikistan Manuchekhr Dzhalilov2015–2017, 2020–Present- (-)11 (29)4 (15)- (-)15 (44)0.34
2Tajikistan Dilshod Vasiyev2009–20194 (10)8 (32)- (-)- (-)12 (42)0.29
3Tajikistan Fatkhullo Fatkhulloyev2011–2017, 2018–20194 (10)7 (40)0 (1)- (-)11 (51)0.22
4Tajikistan Farkhod Tokhirov2010–2012, 20126 (7)- (-)- (-)- (-)6 (7)0.86
4Tajikistan Alisher Dzhalilov2019–2022, 2023–Present- (-)3 (7)3 (16)- (-)6 (23)0.26
6Own goal2011–Present0 (10)4 (42)1 (22)- (-)5 (74)0.07
7Tajikistan Nuriddin Davronov2009–2012, 2013–2016, 2017,
2017–20128, 2019, 2022
1 (10)3 (26)0 (10)- (-)4 (46)0.09
7Tajikistan Khurshed Makhmudov2014–2016- (-)4 (11)- (-)- (-)4 (11)0.36
9Tajikistan Davronjon Ergashev2011–2012, 2016, 20183 (9)0 (10)- (-)- (-)3 (19)0.16
9Tajikistan Ibrahim Rabimov2011–20133 (10)- (-)- (-)- (-)3 (10)0.3
9Tajikistan Akhtam Nazarov2013–2019, 2020–2023, 2023–Present- (-)3 (38)0 (11)- (-)3 (49)0.06
9Russia Dmitry Barkov2017- (-)3 (11)- (-)- (-)3 (11)0.27
13Ukraine Oleksandr Kablash2016- (-)2 (5)- (-)- (-)2 (5)0.4
13Tajikistan Jahongir Aliev2016–2017- (-)2 (13)- (-)- (-)2 (13)0.15
13Ghana David Mawutor2014, 2016–2018- (-)2 (10)- (-)- (-)2 (10)0.2
13Tajikistan Romish Jalilov2012–2018, 2020–2021, 2023–Present0 (0)2 (17)0 (5)- (-)2 (22)0.09
13Belarus Mikalay Zyanko2018- (-)2 (6)- (-)- (-)2 (6)0.33
13Tajikistan Mukhammadzhon Rakhimov2017–2021, 2022–2023- (-)0 (16)2 (13)- (-)2 (29)0.07
13Uzbekistan Jalil Kimsanov2019- (-)1 (6)1 (1)- (-)2 (7)0.29
13Tajikistan Manuchekhr Safarov2021- (-)- (-)2 (6)- (-)2 (6)0.33
13Ivory Coast Senin Sebai2023- (-)- (-)2 (6)- (-)2 (6)0.33
22Tajikistan Akmal Saburov2011–20121 (2)- (-)- (-)- (-)1 (2)0.5
22Tajikistan Yusuf Rabiev2009–20121 (9)- (-)- (-)- (-)1 (9)0.11
22Tajikistan Mahmadali Sodikov2011–20121 (9)- (-)- (-)- (-)1 (9)0.11
22Tajikistan Umedzhon Sharipov2012–20151 (2)0 (6)- (-)- (-)1 (8)0.13
22Spain Manolo Bleda2014–2015- (-)1 (10)- (-)- (-)1 (10)0.1
22Iran Mehdi Chahjouyi2015–2016- (-)1 (14)- (-)- (-)1 (14)0.07
22Tajikistan Parvizdzhon Umarbayev2015–2016- (-)1 (16)- (-)- (-)1 (16)0.06
22Tajikistan Sheriddin Boboev2015–2020- (-)1 (10)0 (2)- (-)1 (12)0.08
22Serbia Mihajlo Cakić2019- (-)1 (5)0 (1)- (-)1 (6)0.17
22Tajikistan Shahrom Samiev2019–2020- (-)1 (4)0 (0)- (-)1 (4)0.25
22Tajikistan Ehson Panjshanbe2016–2020, 2023–Present- (-)1 (16)0 (9)- (-)1 (25)0.04
22Tajikistan Vakhdat Khanonov2020–2021- (-)- (-)1 (7)- (-)1 (7)0.14
22Tajikistan Rustam Soirov2020–2022- (-)0 (1)1 (13)- (-)1 (14)0.07
22Tajikistan Shahrom Sulaymonov2018–Present- (-)0 (1)1 (15)- (-)1 (16)0.06
22Uzbekistan Mukhammad Isaev2022- (-)- (-)1 (6)- (-)1 (6)0.17
22Gabon Eric Bocoum2022- (-)- (-)1 (6)- (-)1 (6)0.17
22Belarus Uladzislaw Kasmynin2022- (-)- (-)1 (5)- (-)1 (5)0.2

Clean sheets

As of match played 5 December 2023
Name Years AFC President's Cup AFC Cup AFC Champions League AFC Champions League 2 Total Ratio
1Serbia Nikola Stošić2013–2020- (-)11 (39)0 (1)- (-)11 (40)0.28
2Tajikistan Rustam Yatimov2017, 2018–Present- (-)1 (1)4 (19)- (-)5 (20)0.25
3Uzbekistan Farhot Yuldashev2012–20132 (4)- (-)- (-)- (-)2 (4)0.5
3Tajikistan Alisher Tuychiev2011–20152 (7)0 (1)- (-)- (-)2 (8)0.25
5Tajikistan Mukhriddin Khasanov2021–Present- (-)- (-)0 (3)- (-)0 (3)0

Overall record

By competition

As of match played 5 December 2023
Competition Pld W D L GF GA
AFC President's Cup 10 6 3 1 20 7
AFC Cup 42 19 10 13 69 55
AFC Champions League 22 5 4 13 21 33
AFC Champions League 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 74 30 17 27 110 95

Legend: GF = Goals For. GA = Goals Against. GD = Goal Difference.

By country

As of match played 5 December 2023
Country Pld W D L GF GA GD Win%
 Bhutan 1 1 0 0 8 0 +8 100.00
 Cambodia 1 0 1 0 1 1 +0 000.00
 India 2 1 1 0 3 2 +1 050.00
 Iran 3 0 1 2 1 4 −3 000.00
 Iraq 5 0 1 4 1 7 −6 000.00
 Jordan 2 0 1 1 2 4 −2 000.00
 Kuwait 4 2 1 1 7 6 +1 050.00
 Kyrgyzstan 9 8 0 1 24 8 +16 088.89
 Lebanon 2 0 0 2 1 4 −3 000.00
 Malaysia 3 1 0 2 5 4 +1 033.33
 Myanmar 1 0 1 0 1 1 +0 000.00
 Palestine 3 3 0 0 8 1 +7 100.00
 Philippines 2 1 1 0 5 1 +4 050.00
 Qatar 4 0 1 3 2 6 −4 000.00
 Saudi Arabia 7 1 1 5 7 13 −6 014.29
 Syria 1 0 1 0 1 1 +0 000.00
 Taiwan 1 0 0 1 0 2 −2 000.00
 Tajikistan 3 2 0 1 7 3 +4 066.67
 Turkmenistan 12 6 5 1 20 13 +7 050.00
 United Arab Emirates 4 2 1 1 4 2 +2 050.00
 Uzbekistan 4 2 0 2 7 8 −1 050.00

By club

As of match played 5 December 2023
Country Pld W D L GF GA GD Win%
Bhutan Yeedzin 1 1 0 0 8 0 +8 100.00
Cambodia Phnom Penh Crown 1 0 1 0 1 1 +0 000.00
India Bengaluru 2 1 1 0 3 2 +1 050.00
Iran Persepolis 3 0 1 2 1 4 −3 000.00
Iraq Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya 1 0 0 1 0 1 −1 000.00
Iraq Erbil 2 0 1 1 1 3 −2 000.00
Iraq Naft Al-Wasat 2 0 0 2 0 3 −3 000.00
Jordan Al-Faisaly 2 0 1 1 2 4 −2 000.00
Kuwait Al-Kuwait 2 1 0 1 3 4 −1 050.00
Kuwait Qadsia 2 1 1 0 4 2 +2 050.00
Kyrgyzstan Alay Osh 4 4 0 0 11 4 +7 100.00
Kyrgyzstan Dordoi Bishkek 5 4 0 1 13 4 +9 080.00
Lebanon Tripoli 2 0 0 2 1 4 −3 000.00
Malaysia Johor Darul Ta'zim 1 0 0 1 0 1 −1 000.00
Malaysia Pahang FA 2 1 0 1 5 3 +2 050.00
Myanmar Yadanarbon 1 0 1 0 1 1 +0 000.00
State of Palestine Jabal Al-Mukaber 1 1 0 0 2 0 +2 100.00
State of Palestine Markaz Shabab Al-Am'ari 2 2 0 0 3 1 +2 100.00
Philippines Ceres Negros 2 1 1 0 5 1 +4 050.00
Qatar Al-Duhail 2 0 1 1 0 2 −2 000.00
Qatar Al-Rayyan 2 0 0 2 2 4 −2 000.00
Saudi Arabia Al-Ahli 1 0 0 1 0 1 −1 000.00
Saudi Arabia Al Hilal 4 1 0 3 5 8 −3 025.00
Saudi Arabia Al Nassr 2 0 1 1 2 4 −2 000.00
Syria Al-Wahda 1 0 1 0 1 1 +0 000.00
Taiwan Taipower 1 0 0 1 0 2 −2 000.00
Tajikistan Khujand 3 2 0 1 7 3 +4 066.67
Turkmenistan Ahal 4 4 0 0 9 3 +6 100.00
Turkmenistan Altyn Asyr 6 1 4 1 8 8 +0 016.67
Turkmenistan Balkan 2 1 1 0 3 2 +1 050.00
United Arab Emirates Shabab Al Ahli 2 1 1 0 1 0 +1 050.00
United Arab Emirates Sharjah 2 1 0 1 3 2 +1 050.00
Uzbekistan AGMK 3 1 0 2 6 8 −2 033.33
Uzbekistan Lokomotiv Tashkent 1 1 0 0 1 0 +1 100.00

Notes

    References

    1. "Suspension of the Kuwait Football Association". FIFA.com. 16 October 2015. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015.
    2. "FIFA suspension of Kuwait FA implications to AFC Cup". AFC. 17 October 2015. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015.
    3. "AFC Executive Committee announces updates to 2020 competitions calendar". the-afc.com. Asian Football Confederation. 10 September 2020. Archived from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.