Fenerbahçe
Full nameFenerbahçe Spor Kulübü
(Fenerbahçe Sports Club)
Nickname(s)
  • Sarı Kanaryalar (The Yellow Canaries)
  • Sarı Lacivertliler (The Yellow-Navy Blues)
  • Efsane (The Legend)
  • Fener (The Beacon of Light)
Short name
  • FB
  • Fener
Founded3 May 1907 (1907-05-03)[lower-alpha 1][1][2]
GroundŞükrü Saracoğlu Stadium
Capacity47,234 (all-seater)[3]
PresidentAli Koç
Head coachİsmail Kartal
LeagueSüper Lig
2022–23Süper Lig, 2nd of 19
WebsiteClub website

Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü (Turkish: [feˈnæɾbahtʃe], Fenerbahçe Sports Club) is a Turkish professional football club based in Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey. They represent the men's football department of Fenerbahçe S.K., a prominent multi-sport club. Fenerbahçe, also referred to colloquially as Fener, has never been relegated from the top division of Turkish football and currently competes in the Turkish Super League, the Turkish Cup, the Turkish Super Cup and UEFA Europa Conference League.

Fenerbahçe is nicknamed Sarı Kanaryalar (Turkish for "Yellow Canaries") and plays its home games at Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, a traditional home ground granted to the club by the mayor of Istanbul in 1994. The stadium is based in Kadıköy, Istanbul. The club's name translates as "Lighthouse in the Garden" and comes from the Fenerbahçe neighbourhood of the Kadıköy district in Istanbul.

Fenerbahçe is one of the most successful Turkish clubs having won a record 28 Turkish championship titles (19 Süper Lig, seven Turkish Cups and nine Turkish Super Cup titles. The club also sits at the first place in Süper Lig all-time table.

In international club football, Fenerbahçe has won the Balkans Cup in 1968, which is marked as the first ever non-domestic trophy won by a Turkish football club. In UEFA competitions, Fenerbahçe has reached the quarter-finals in the 1963–64 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and in the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League, and has reached the semi-finals in the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League. Fenerbahçe is a member of the European Club Association.

Fenerbahçe is one of the most popular football clubs in Turkey.[4] They boast a large fanbase throughout the country, as well as in Northern Cyprus,[5][6] Azerbaijan,[7] and in the Turkish diaspora.[8][9] In their home at the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, Fenerbahçe's average attendances have always been among the highest in Turkey.[10][11] Fenerbahçe's most intense rivalries is with their major neighbors, Galatasaray and Beşiktaş. Matches between Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray are often referred to as The Intercontinental Derby and are widely regarded as one of the fiercest and most intense derbies globally.[12][13] Matches against Beşiktaş are also derbys, and the two teams share a longstanding rivalry.

History

Early years 1907–1959

Ziya Songülen the founder and first president

Fenerbahçe were founded in 1907 in Kadıköy, Istanbul, by local men Ziya Songülen, Ayetullah Bey and Necip Okaner. This group founded the club secretly in order to keep a low profile and not get into any trouble with the strict Ottoman rule, so strict that the Sultan Abdul Hamid II forbade the Turkish youth to set up a club or engage in the game of football played by the English families that was watched in envy. The three men came together and concluded that Kadıköy was in desperate need of its own football club, where locals would get a chance to practise the game of football. Ziya Songülen was elected the first president of the club, Ayetullah Bey became the first general secretary and Necip Okaner was given the post of general captain.[14]

The first team in 1908

The lighthouse situated on the Fenerbahçe cape was a big influence on the design of the club's first crest, which sported the yellow and white colors of daffodils around the lighthouse. The kits were also designed with yellow and white stripes.[14] The crest of the club was changed in 1910 when Hikmet Topuzer redesigned the badge after Ziya Songülen had changed the colors to yellow and navy in the fall of 1909, still seen today. Fenerbahçe's activities were kept in secrecy until a legislation reform in 1908, when, under a new law, all football clubs had to register to exist legally.[14]

Ayetullah Bey the founder and second president

The founding line-up included Ziya Songülen, Ayetullah Bey, Necip Okaner, Galip Kulaksızoğlu, Hassan Sami Kocamemi, Asaf Beşpınar, Enver Yetiker, Şevkati Hulusi Bey, Fuat Hüsnü Kayacan, Hamit Hüsnü Kayacan and Nasuhi Baydar.[15]

Struggling with financial difficulties, Fenerbahçe joined the Istanbul Football League in 1909, finishing fifth in their first year. The first coach of the Fenerbahçe was Hüseyin Dalaklı, who was also the team's player. Fenerbahçe won the 1911–12 season of the Istanbul Football League without losing. This championship was the clubs first success in their long history. In the 1913–14 and 1914–15 seasons, the team under the coaching of Galip Kulaksızoğlu won the Istanbul Football League. Fenerbahçe finished the seasons 1920–21 and 1922–23 as champions in the Istanbul Friday League. Fenerbahçe completed the season with a score of 58–0 without losing or conceding goals in the season of 1922–23.

General Harrington Cup

Fenerbahçe played against the staff of the Royal Navy that occupied Istanbul during the Turkish War of Independence. Some British soldiers formed football teams that were named after the players' speciality, for example Essex Engineers, Irish Guards, Grenadiers and Artillery. These teams played against each other and against local football teams in Istanbul. Fenerbahçe won many of these matches.[16] The most known match played against the British was the match that would determine the winner of the General Harrington Cup. Fenerbahçe won the match held on 29 June 1923 at Taksim Stadium with two goals scored by Zeki Rıza Sporel, one of the important players of the period.[17]

Fenerbahçe won the championship 6 times in 1937, 1940, 1943, 1945, 1946 and 1950, and became the team that achieved the most victories in the Turkish National Division. Lefter Küçükandonyadis, one of the important names of Fenerbahçe, scored 423 goals in 615 matches between 1947–1951 and 1953–64.

Fenerbahçe won the Istanbul Football League 16 times, the Turkish National Division 6 times, and the former Turkish Football Championship 3 times, all of them records, profiling themselves as forerunners and dominating side in Turkish football before the introduction of the professional nationwide league in 1959.[18][19]

1959–1969

Under the guidance of Ignác Molnár, the club won many trophies

The Turkish Football Federation founded a professional national league in 1959, which continues today under the name of the Süper Lig. Fenerbahçe won the first tournament, beating archrivals Galatasaray 4–1 on aggregate.[20] The next year, Fenerbahçe participated in the European Cup for the first time. They qualified through a 4–3 win over Csepel SC, being the first Turkish club to advance to the next round by eliminating its opponent. They lost their first-round match to Nice 1–5 in a playoff game after drawing on aggregate.[21] Fenerbahçe reached the quarter-final of the 1963–64 European Cup Winners' Cup where it was eliminated by MTK Budapest.

Fenerbahçe won four more league titles in the 1960s and were runners-up three times, making it the most successful club of that era.[22][23] Fenerbahçe was coached by Ignác Molnár at the time, a famous Hungarian coach who had introduced a new style of football in Turkey. Under his guidance, Fenerbahçe managed to eliminate English champions Manchester City in the first round of the 1968–69 European Cup.

Fenerbahçe's Balkan Cup championship

In the 1966–67 Balkans Cup (a competition set up for Eastern European clubs from Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia that existed between the 1960–61 and 1993–94 seasons), Fenerbahçe won the cup after three final matches against Greek club AEK Athens, making them the first Turkish club to win a non-domestic competition. This success would remain unparalleled by a Turkish club until Sarıyer and Samsunspor won the cup many years later in the 1990s, when the competition lost much of its popularity.[24]

Later years

Didi coached the club between 1972 and 1975, winning eight trophies

The 1970s saw Fenerbahçe bring in the famous Didi as their new coach. Fenerbahçe won four more league titles, including a double with Cemil Turan being the top goal scorer three times. The 1970s also established a rivalry with Trabzonspor, where for almost a decade Fenerbahçe and Trabzonspor were competing with each other for the title. The 1980s saw Fenerbahçe win three more league titles. Under the guidance of Kálmán Mészöly, Fenerbahçe managed to eliminate French champions Bordeaux in the first round of the 1985–86 European Cup.[25][26] This victory marked a turning point as for almost a decade no Turkish club managed to get past the first round in European competitions.

Galatasaray and Beşiktaş dominated the Turkish League during the 1990s, combining to win nine out of ten titles. Fenerbahçe's only Turkish League success during the 1990s came in the 1995–96 season under the guidance of Carlos Alberto Parreira.[22][23] In the 1996–97 UEFA Champions League season, Fenerbahçe completed the group stage with seven points[27] and, among others, defeated Manchester United 1–0 at Old Trafford, undoing the record of the English giants being unbeaten for 40 years in their homeground.[28]

Fenerbahçe won the league title in 2001, denying Galatasaray a fifth consecutive title. It followed up the next season with a second-place behind Galatasaray with new coach Werner Lorant. However, the next season did not go so well as Fenerbahçe finished in sixth place.[29] Despite this, that season is memorable to many Fenerbahçe fans due to a 6–0 win against arch-rivals Galatasaray at the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium on 6 November 2002.[30] After firing Werner Lorant, the club hired another German coach, Christoph Daum. Daum had previously coached in Turkey, winning the league with Beşiktaş in 1994–95. Fenerbahçe brought in players including Pierre van Hooijdonk, Mehmet Aurélio and Fábio Luciano as a rebuilding process. These new players lead Fenerbahçe to its 15th title and third star (one being awarded for every five league titles won by a club).[31]

100th year celebration of the club

The next year was followed by a narrow championship over Trabzonspor, winning a then record 16 Turkish Football League championships.[32] Fenerbahçe lost the title in the last week of the 2005–06 season to Galatasaray. Fenerbahçe needed a win, but instead drew 1–1 with Denizlispor while Galatasaray won 3–0 over Kayserispor. Soon after, Christoph Daum resigned as manager[33] and was replaced by Zico on 4 July 2006.[34][35] Zico began his reign by signing two new defenders: highly touted Uruguayan international Diego Lugano and Zico's fellow Brazilian Edu Dracena.[36] Zico also signed two strikers in Serbian international Mateja Kežman and another Brazilian, Deivid.[37] Fenerbahçe's 2006–07 domestic season started with a 6–0 win over relegation candidates Kayseri Erciyesspor.[38] In the 32nd week of the Süper Lig, Fenerbahçe drew Trabzonspor 2–2, while Beşiktaş lost to Bursaspor 0–3, putting the former out of contention for the title.[39][40] Fenerbahçe won its 17th Süper Lig title in 2006–07.[41]

2007–present

Zico coached the club between 2006 and 2008
Roberto Carlos played for the club between 2007 and 2009
Fenerbahçe against Chelsea in the second leg of the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League quarter-finals which they lost 2–0

On 11 January 2007, Fenerbahçe were officially invited to G-14.[42] G-14 was an association which consists of top European clubs.

Under Zico's command, Fenerbahçe qualified from the 2007–08 Champions League group stage for the first time and went on to beat Sevilla to become a quarter-finalist in the 2007–08 season. Zico is also the most successful manager of the team's history in the Champions League. After successful scores both in the Turkish league and international matches, Zico gained a new nickname from the Fenerbahçe fans: Kral Arthur (meaning "King Arthur" in Turkish).[43] In February 2009, Fenerbahçe became the first Turkish club to enter the Deloitte Football Money League.[44] Since 2000, Fenerbahçe improved the club's finances and facilities, bringing world stars to the club such as Ariel Ortega, Pierre van Hooijdonk, Alex, Stephen Appiah, Nicolas Anelka and, more recently, Mateja Kežman, Roberto Carlos, Dani Güiza, Dirk Kuyt, Diego, Nani, Robin van Persie, and Mesut Özil.

In the 2009–10 season Fenerbahçe lost the title on the last matchday; Fenerbahçe players were told that a draw would be enough towards the end of the match only to find out that the other critical game went against their favour, as Bursaspor beat Beşiktaş 2–1 to win the title. Despite the title loss, Fenerbahçe ended the season with the most clean sheets (10), as well as the joint longest winning streak (8).[45] In July 2011, Fenerbahçe fans invaded the pitch during a friendly against the Ukrainian champions Shakhtar Donetsk. As punishment, Fenerbahçe were sentenced to two Süper Lig games in an empty stadium. The TFF later allowed those two games to be filled with spectators; men were barred, while women and children under 12 were admitted for free.[46] On 29 October 2012, Antalyaspor ended Fenerbahçe's 47-match unbeaten run in the Süper Lig at the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium. Fenerbahçe had not lost a match at home since they were beaten 2–3 by eventual champions Bursaspor in week 22, on 22 February 2010. Fenerbahçe won 38 and drew 9 in the 47 matches they played within 980 days since 22 February 2010.[47] On 3 November 2012, Fenerbahçe pecked Akhisar Belediyespor to break a 181-day away jinx.[48] On 2 May 2013, Fenerbahçe were eliminated by Benfica 3–2 on aggregate in the semi-final of the 2012–13 Europa League, one of the biggest successes in Fenerbahçe's history in UEFA competitions.[49]

On 28 June 2013, Ersun Yanal agreed to take charge of Fenerbahçe to replace Aykut Kocaman, who resigned in late May.[50][51] Ersun Yanal's appointment coincided with tough times for Fenerbahçe, who had just been banned from European competitions for two seasons over their alleged involvement in a domestic sports corruption scandal. Fenerbahçe, which finished second in the Süper Lig in 2012–13, thus missed-out on the 2013–14 Champions League, which it had been due to enter in the third qualifying round.[52] Fenerbahçe finished the 2014–15 season as runners-up, forcing the board of directors to undertake some major changes. For the 2015–16 season, Fenerbahçe brought in Vítor Pereira as their new coach. Portuguese star Nani, Danish defender Simon Kjær and Robin van Persie were added to the squad to fulfill the club's ambitions to be successful in the Süper Lig and European competitions. On 10 December 2015, Fenerbahçe played their 200th European game against Celtic.[53] On 12 October 2022, Fenerbahçe played their 250th European game against AEK Larnaca.[54] the best of the best

Former notable players

Zeki Rıza Sporel, all-time top scorer of Fenerbahçe
Statue of Lefter Küçükandonyadis at Yoğurtçu Park, close to Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium in Kadıköy, Istanbul
Cemil Turan, one of the best players of the 1970's.

When it was first founded in 1907, Fenerbahçe had a large squad. One of these players, Galip Kulaksızoğlu, was the longest serving player of the original squad, spending 17 years at the club, retiring in 1924 after 216 matches.[55] Zeki Rıza Sporel and Bekir Refet, the first Turkish footballer ever to play abroad, were among the first products of the Fenerbahçe youth system. During his 18-year career with the club, Zeki Rıza scored 470 goals in 352 matches, or 1.3 goals every match, making him the all-time top scorer of Fenerbahçe.[55] Zeki Rıza was also capped for the Turkish national team 16 times, scoring 15 goals. Cihat Arman became the first in a long-line of long-serving goalkeepers, playing 12 seasons and in 308 matches with the club.[55] Lefter Küçükandonyadis was one of the first Turkish football players to play in Europe. Lefter spent two seasons in Europe, playing for Fiorentina and Nice before returning to Fenerbahçe. All in all, Lefter scored 423 goals in 615 matches for the club, helping them to two Istanbul Football League titles and three Turkish League titles.

Another notable player, Can Bartu, became the next big Turkish export to Europe. He was also the first Turkish football player to play in a European competition final, doing so with Fiorentina against Atlético Madrid in 1962. Can also spent some seasons playing for Venezia and Lazio before returning to Fenerbahçe in 1967. He was a four-time league champion with Fenerbahçe and scored 162 goals in 330 matches. Some of the other most notable Turkish players who played for Fenerbahçe include: Fikret Arıcan, Fikret Kırcan, Halit Deringör, Melih Kotanca, Burhan Sargun, Nedim Doğan, Cemil Turan, Selçuk Yula, Müjdat Yetkiner, Oğuz Çetin, Rıdvan Dilmen, Aykut Kocaman, Rüştü Reçber and Tuncay Şanlı.

Alex, captain of Fenerbahçe from 2007 to 2012 and the most successful foreign player in the history of the club and the Turkish Super League

Former Romania goalkeeper Ilie Datcu was the first foreigner to reach 100 caps for Fenerbahçe. In recent decades, Fenerbahçe have gained an influx of foreigners who have helped the club to 19 Süper Lig titles. Among these include Uche Okechukwu, who after 13 seasons with Fenerbahçe and İstanbulspor became the longest serving foreigner in Turkey. During Uche's career with Fenerbahçe, he won two league titles and became a fan favourite. More recently, Fenerbahçe have been the home to Brazilian-born Mehmet Aurélio who, in 2006, became the first naturalized Turkish citizen to play for the Turkish national team.[56]

Alex is another Brazilian player who scored the most goals of all foreign players who have played for Fenerbahçe. He managed to become top scorer of the Turkish Süper Lig on two occasions (in 2006–07 and 2010–11), Turkish Footballer of the Year twice (in 2005 and 2010), as well as assist leader in the 2007–08 season of the UEFA Champions League.[57] Based on all those achievements, as well as his exemplary character and sportsmanship on and off the field, acknowledged by fans of Fenerbahçe and their rivals alike, he became the most successful and renowned foreign player to have ever played for the club and one of a few whose statue has been erected by the supporters of the club in the Yoğurtçu Park, in the near of Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium.[58] Some of the other foreign top players who played for Fenerbahçe over the years include: Toni Schumacher (1988–91), Jes Høgh (1995–99), Jay-Jay Okocha (1996–98), Elvir Bolić (1995–2000), Kennet Andersson (2000–02), Ariel Ortega (2002–03), Pierre van Hooijdonk (2003–05), Nicolas Anelka (2005–06), Stephen Appiah (2005–08), Mateja Kežman (2006–09), Diego Lugano (2006–11), Roberto Carlos (2007–09), Dirk Kuyt (2012–15), Robin van Persie (2015–2018) and Nani (2015–16).

Support

Fenerbahçe supporters in the derby match against Beşiktaş

Fenerbahçe have developed a strong following since their foundation in 1907. They are one of the most popular clubs in Turkey, with about 35% of the fans supporting them, and the most popular in Istanbul and Ankara.[59] They have a large fanbase throughout the country, in Northern Cyprus, Azerbaijan and in the Turkish diaspora.[60] Since the rebuilding of the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, Fenerbahçe's average attendances have been among the highest in Turkey.[61]

Fenerbahçe have several supporter organisations, including Genç Fenerbahçeliler (GFB), Kill For You (KFY), Antu/Fenerlist, EuroFeb (Fenerbahçe supporters in Europe), Group CK (Cefakâr Kanaryalar), 1907 ÜNİFEB, Vamos Bien, and SUADFEB. Many fanzines, blogs, podcasts, forums and fan websites have been dedicated to the club.

Relationships with other clubs

More recently, in November 2011 Fenerbahçe's Genç Fenerbahçeliler created a friendly relationship with Torcida Sandžak, the organized supporters of Serbian club Novi Pazar. During a Süper Lig match against İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor at the Şükrü Saraçoğlu Stadium, the Genç Fenerbahçeliler and 1907 Gençlik stand deployed a giant banner reading "Kalbimiz Seninle Novi Pazar" ("Novi Pazar, Our Hearts Are With You")[62] and later, in the game against Radnicki Kragujevac in the Serbian SuperLiga, Torcida Sandžak members deployed a giant banner reading "Sancak'ta atıyor, Fenerbahçe'nin kalbi" ("The heart of Fenerbahçe beats in Sandžak").[63] On 2 March 2012, Fenerbahçe's Genç Fenerbahçeliler and 1907 Gençlik members were invited to Novi Pazar for the match against Partizan in the Serbian SuperLiga. Thousands of Torcida Sandžak members welcomed Genç Fenerbahçeliler and 1907 Gençlik's 17 members.[64]

There is an informal friendship and fraternization between the fans of AEK and Fenerbahçe. In the 2017 Euroleague final, Fenerbahçe S.K. supporters displayed a banner which read "Same City's Sons"[65][66]

Rivalries

Fenerbahçe against Galatasaray in 1914

"The big three" clubs of Istanbul, Beşiktaş, Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe, have a century-long history of rivalry. The Fenerbahçe–Galatasaray rivalry is the primary Istanbul derby and the most important rivalry in Turkish football; matches between the two teams are known as The Intercontinental Derby (Turkish: Kıtalararası Derbi). The rivalry started on 23 February 1934, when a friendly game between both clubs turned into a riot, forcing the match to be abandoned. The rivalry has led to violence among supporters on numerous occasions.[67] Torches, smoke, flags, and giant posters are used to create visual grandeur and apply psychological pressure on visiting teams, which fans call "welcoming them to hell".[68]

Stadium

Pre-match ceremony in the Intercontinental Derby against Galatasaray
In the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League quarter-finals match against Chelsea

Fenerbahçe play their home matches at the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium,[69] their own traditional home ground in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul, since 1908. Most recently renovated between 1999 and 2006, its capacity is 47,834.[70] The club's museum has been situated in the stadium since 2005, after having been housed at a variety of locations.[71] Before Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium was built, the field was known as Papazın Çayırı ("The field of the priest"). The field, however, became the very first football pitch of Turkey, where the first league games of the Istanbul Football League were all held successively. In 1908, local teams of the league needed a regular football field, so this land was leased from the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II for 30 Ottoman gold pounds a year. The total construction cost was 3,000 Ottoman gold pounds. The name was changed to the Union Club Field after the club which made the highest donation for the construction.

The Union Club Field was used by many teams in İstanbul, including the owner, Union Club (which changed its name to İttihatspor after World War I), Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray, and Beşiktaş. However, it had lost its importance when a bigger venue, the Taksim Stadium, was built in 1922, inside the courtyard of the historic Taksim Topçu Kışlası (Taksim Artillery Barracks), which was located at the present-day Taksim Gezi Parkı (Taksim Park). İttihatspor (which had close relations with the political İttihat ve Terakki), was forced to sell it to the state, in which Şükrü Saracoğlu was a member of the CHP government. Thus, the ownership of the stadium passed to the state, but the field was immediately leased to Fenerbahçe.

Later, on 27 May 1933, Fenerbahçe purchased the stadium from the government when Şükrü Saracoğlu was the president of Fenerbahçe, for either the symbolic amount of 1 TL or the worth of the stadium which was 9,000 TL. The name of the field was changed to Fenerbahçe Stadium, and this made Fenerbahçe the first football club in Turkey to own their stadium, with the help of the government. In the following years, Fenerbahçe renovated the stadium and increased its seating capacity. By 1949, Fenerbahçe Stadium was the largest football venue in Turkey, with a seating capacity of 25,000. The name of the stadium was changed once more in 1998, becoming Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, named after Fenerbahçe's president and Turkey's fifth Prime Minister, Şükrü Saracoğlu. In 1999, the latest round of renovations and capacity increasing projects started. The tribunes on the four sides of the stadium were torn down one at a time, as the Turkish Super League seasons progressed, and the entire renewal and construction project was finalised in 2006, with the efforts of Fenerbahçe president Aziz Yıldırım and the team's board of directors.

A panoramic view of the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium in 2014

Club crest and colours

Fenerbahçe changed their colours to yellow and navy blue in 1908

Since the club's foundation, Fenerbahçe have used the same badge, which has only undergone minor alterations. It was designed by Hikmet Topuzer, nicknamed Topuz Hikmet, who played as a right winger, in 1910, and had made as lapel pins by Tevfik Haccar Taşçı in London. The crest consists of five colours. The white section which includes the writing Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü ★ 1907 ★ represents purity and open-heartedness, the red section represents love and attachment to the club and symbolises the Turkish flag. The yellow section symbolises other ones' envy and jealousy about Fenerbahçe, while the navy symbolises nobility. The oak leaf which rises from the navy and yellow section shows the force and the power of being a member of Fenerbahçe. The green colour of the leaf shows that the success of Fenerbahçe is imperative.[72] Hikmet Topuzer describes the story of the emblem as below:

After the change of the club’s colours from yellow and white to yellow and navy, it was an issue to create an emblem with our new colours. My friends left the design of this emblem to me. Firstly, I brought together the colours of our national flag, red and white. Then drew a heart shape over the red and gave it a yellow and navy colour, adding an acorn leaf that represents resistance, power and strength. I wrote the club name and foundation date on the white section. When drawing our emblem, I tried to give this meaning: Serving the club with dependence from heart. The design was favored by my friends and our new emblem was made through the guidance of Tevfik Haccar, who was in Germany at time. After the new alphabet was approved, the design was protected, but the club name on the emblem was changed to Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü ★ 1907 ★.[72]

The club badge for the 2023-24 season contains 5 stars to represent 28 championships as an act of protest against the TFF’s lack of recognition of the club’s pre-1959 titles. However, the Federation has not allowed Fenerbahçe to display the badge in league matches.

Shirt sponsors and manufacturers

One of the first ever kits of the club (1908)
Period Kit manufacturers Shirt sponsors
1977–1978AdmiralPereja / Şekerbank[73]
1978–1980——
1980–1982Banker Kastelli
1982–1983Hisar Bank
1983–1984İstanbul Bankası
1984–1985AdidasTürk Bank
1985–1987Güner
1987–1988Tamek
1988–1989AdidasEmlak Bankası
1989–1996
1996–1997VakıfBank
1997–1998Emlak Bankası
1998–1999Rifle / Proton 5x5
1999–2000Proton 5x5
2000–2001FeneriumTelsim
2001–2004Aria
2004–2012AdidasAvea
2012–2014Türk Telekom
2014–2015—
2015–2016Yandex / Turkish Airlines1
2016–2017Nesine.com / Borajet Airlines1
2017–2018Acıbadem / Borajet Airlines1
2018–2021Avis
2021–2023Puma
2023–Otokoç

1 European Shirt sponsor

Honours

Domestic competitions

Turkish national championships: 28 titles[18][19]

Winners (19): 1959, 1960–61, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1967–68, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1977–78, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1988–89, 1995–96, 2000–01, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2010–11, 2013–14
Runners-up (24): 1959–60, 1961–62, 1966–67, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1979–80, 1983–84, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1993–94, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2021–22, 2022–23
Winners (6) (record): 1937, 1940, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1950
Runners-up (2): 1944, 1947
Winners (3) (shared-record): 1933, 1935, 1944
Runners-up (2): 1940, 1947

National cups (26)

Winners (7): 1967–68, 1973–74, 1978–79, 1982–83, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2022–23
Runners-up (11): 1962–63, 1964–65, 1988–89, 1995–96, 2000–01, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2015–16, 2017–18
Winners (9): 1968, 1973, 1975, 1984, 1985, 1990, 2007, 2009, 2014
Runners-up (9): 1970, 1974, 1978, 1979, 1983, 1989, 1996, 2012, 2013
Winners (8) (record): 1945, 1946, 1950, 1973, 1980, 1989, 1993, 1998
Runners-up (7): 1944, 1971, 1976, 1977, 1992, 1994, 1995
Winners (1) (shared-record): 1998
Winners (1): 1967

Regional competitions

Winners (16) (record): 1911–12, 1913–14, 1914–15, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1929–30, 1932–33, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1936–37, 1943–44, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1956–57, 1958–59
Runners-up (18): 1915–16, 1917–18, 1921–22, 1925–26, 1926–27, 1928–29, 1930–31, 1933–34, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1940–41, 1942–43, 1944–45, 1945–46, 1949–50, 1955–56, 1957–58
Winners (1): 1944–45
Runners-up (2): 1941–42, 1943–44
Winners (4) (record): 1929–30, 1933–34, 1937–38 , 1938–39
Runners-up (1): 1932–33

International competitions

Winners (1): 1966–67

Other competitions

  • Atatürk Cup
Winners (1) (shared-record): 1963–64
Winners (1): 1923
Winners (4) (record): 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985
Winners (12) (shared-record): 1969, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1994, 1995
Winners (2) (record): 1976, 1980

Doubles and Trebles

  • Doubles
League and Cup: 1967–68, 1973–74, 1982–83
  • Domestic Trebles
League, Cup and Super Cup: 1967–68
  • International Trebles
League, Cup and Balkan Cup: 1968

European record

Best achievements

As of 25 July 2022
Season Achievement Notes
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
1963–64 Quarter-Finalist eliminated by Hungary MTK Budapest 0–2 in Budapest, 3–1 in Istanbul, 0–1 in Rome
Balkans Cup
1966–67 Champion won against Greece AEK Athens 1–2 in Athens, 1–0 in Istanbul, 3–1 in Istanbul
UEFA Champions League
2007–08 Quarter-Finalist eliminated by England Chelsea 2–1 in Istanbul, 0–2 in London
UEFA Europa League
2012–13 Semi-Finalist eliminated by Portugal Benfica 1–0 in Istanbul, 1–3 in Lisbon
UEFA Europa Conference League
2021–22 Knockout round play-offs eliminated by Czech Republic Slavia Prague 2–3 in Istanbul, 2–3 in Prague

Statistics of UEFA competitions

As of 14 December 2023
CompetitionPldWDLGFGAGD
UEFA Champions League 107322154120179–59
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 931511110
UEFA Europa League 136603343191171+20
UEFA Europa Conference League 1410043819+19
Total 26610555106360380–20


Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; GD = Goal Difference.

UEFA club coefficient ranking

As of 21 June 2023[75][76]
RankTeamPoints
56Turkey İstanbul Başakşehir31.000
Scotland Celtic
58Turkey Fenerbahçe30.000
France Lille
60France Monaco29.000
UEFA club coefficient ranking over years
YearRankPoints
2013–145341.340
2014–157530.020
2015–165240.920
2016–173951.840
2017–186123.500
2018–194531.500
2019–205231.500
2020–218519.500
2021–2210714.500
2022–235830.000

  Placement has improved to the previous year   Placement has deteriorated to the previous year   No change in placement to the previous year

Statistics of Non-UEFA competition

As of 31 August 1968
CompetitionPldWDLGFGAGD
Balkans Cup 29106133445–11
Total 29106133445–11

Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; GD = Goal Difference.

Players

Current squad

As of 13 January 2024.[77]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
3 DF Turkey TUR Samet Akaydin
4 DF Turkey TUR Serdar Aziz
5 MF Turkey TUR İsmail Yüksek
6 DF Ghana GHA Alexander Djiku
7 DF Turkey TUR Ferdi Kadıoğlu
8 MF Turkey TUR Mert Hakan Yandaş
9 FW Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH Edin Džeko (captain)
10 FW Serbia SRB Dušan Tadić
11 FW England ENG Ryan Kent
15 FW Norway NOR Joshua King
16 DF Turkey TUR Mert Müldür
17 MF Turkey TUR İrfan Kahveci
18 MF Brazil BRA Lincoln
19 DF Italy ITA Leonardo Bonucci
20 FW Turkey TUR Cengiz Ünder
21 DF Nigeria NGA Bright Osayi-Samuel
No. Pos. Nation Player
22 FW Turkey TUR Umut Nayir
23 FW Belgium BEL Michy Batshuayi
24 DF Netherlands NED Jayden Oosterwolde
26 MF Slovenia SVN Miha Zajc
27 MF Portugal POR Miguel Crespo
28 MF Turkey TUR Bartuğ Elmaz
33 MF Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH Rade Krunić (on loan from AC Milan)
35 MF Brazil BRA Fred
40 GK Croatia CRO Dominik Livaković
50 DF Brazil BRA Rodrigo Becão
53 MF Poland POL Sebastian Szymański
70 GK Turkey TUR İrfan Can Eğribayat
95 DF Turkey TUR Yusuf Akçiçek
97 GK Turkey TUR Furkan Onur Akyüz
99 FW Turkey TUR Emre Mor

Players with multiple nationalities

Academy players training with the main squad

As of 15 September 2023.[78]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
49 MF Turkey TUR Muhammet İmre
67 GK Turkey TUR Muhammet Doğukan Demir
No. Pos. Nation Player
93 GK Turkey TUR Ömer Bircan Camcı

Unregistered players under contract

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
14 DF Brazil BRA Luan Peres

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK Turkey TUR Ertuğrul Çetin (at Gençlerbirliği until 30 June 2024)
— DF Turkey TUR Çağtay Kurukalıp (at İskenderunspor until 30 June 2024)
— DF Turkey TUR Emir Ortakaya (at Kocaelispor until 30 June 2024)
— DF Turkey TUR Yiğit Efe Demir (at Gençlerbirliği until 30 June 2024)
— DF Egypt EGY Omar Fayed (at Novi Pazar until 30 June 2024)
— MF Turkey TUR Emre Demir (at Ümraniyespor until 30 June 2024)
— MF Turkey TUR Erkan Arda Çağdaş (at İnegölspor until 30 June 2024)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF Turkey TUR Yusuf Kocatürk (at İnegölspor until 30 June 2024)
— MF South Korea KOR Jo Jin-ho (at Novi Pazar until 30 June 2024)
— FW Turkey TUR Burak Kapacak (at Sivasspor until 30 June 2024)
— FW Turkey TUR Tiago Cukur (at Beveren until 30 June 2024)
— FW Turkey TUR Bora Aydınlık (at Hull City until 30 June 2024)
— FW Italy ITA João Pedro (at Grêmio until 30 June 2024)

Academy teams

Retired number(s)

  • 12, representing the supporters of the club

Team captains

Records

Past seasons

Most

Outline Record Year
Most wins 29 1988–89
Most draws 16 1985–86
Most defeats 13 1987–88
Most wins in a row 12 2005–06
Most defeats in a row 3 1966–67, 1980–81, 1987–88, 1992–93, 2018–19, 2021–22
Most goals scored 103 1988–89
Most goals conceded 53 1990–91
Highest number of points in any half of a season 49/51 2010–11

Fewest

Outline Record Year
Fewest wins 9 1980–81
Fewest draws 2 1959, 1991–92, 2004–05
Fewest defeats 1 1959, 1963–64, 1988–89
Fewest goals scored 31 1969–70, 1976–77, 1979–80
Fewest goals conceded 6 1969–70

Player records

Most goals

Outline Player Record
Most goals in all-time Turkey Zeki Rıza Sporel 470
Most goals in Süper Lig Turkey Aykut Kocaman 140
Most goals in one match Turkey Melih Kotanca &
Turkey Zeki Rıza Sporel		 8
Most goals in one league match Turkey Tanju Çolak 6
Most goals in UEFA competitions Brazil Alex de Souza 15

Note: Zeki Rıza Sporel scored his record eight goals against Anadolu in 1931, Melih Kotanca repeated this record against Topkapı in 1940. Tanju Çolak scored six goals against Karşıyaka in the 1992–93 season.

Most appearances

Outline Player Record
Most appearances in all-time Turkey Müjdat Yetkiner 763
Most appearances in UEFA competitions Turkey Volkan Demirel 86

Club officials

Board members

Position Name
PresidentTurkey Ali Koç
Deputy ChairmanTurkey Erol Bilecik
Board MemberTurkey Burak Çağlan Kızılhan
Board MemberTurkey Mehmet Dereli
Board MemberTurkey Fethi Pekin
Board MemberTurkey Acar Sertaç Komsuoğlu
Board MemberTurkey Simla Türker Bayazıt
Board MemberTurkey Hüseyin Arslan
Board MemberTurkey Esin Güral Argat
Board MemberTurkey Nüket Küçükel Ezberci
Board MemberTurkey Ahmet Ketenci
Board MemberTurkey Mustafa Kemal Danabaş

Source:[79]

Technical staff

Position Name
Sporting DirectorPortugal Mario Branco
Assistant to the Sporting DirectorTurkey Onur Özkan
Administrative ManagerTurkey Emir Yolaç
Head CoachTurkey İsmail Kartal
Assistant CoachTurkey Recep Karatepe
Assistant CoachTurkey Zeki Murat Göle
Assistant CoachTurkey Kemal Kurak
Assistant CoachTurkey Sercan Terzioğlu
Athletic Performance CoachTurkey Cengiz Sirkan
Athletic Performance CoachTurkey Cihan Mert Cengiz
AnalystTurkey Kerem Güneş
AnalystTurkey Mehmet Turhan Demir
Goalkeeping CoachTurkey Haluk Kaplan
Goalkeeping CoachTurkey Yasin Cirav
Tactical Analysis ExpertTurkey Melikşah Sezgin
DoctorTurkey Dr. Osman İlhancik
DoctorTurkey Dr. Ertuğrul Karanlık
Media OfficerTurkey Alper Yemeniciler
InterpreterTurkey Sinan Levi
InterpreterTurkey Saruhan Karaman
PhysiotherapistTurkey Umut Şahin
PhysiotherapistTurkey Ata Özgür Ercan
PhysiotherapistTurkey Bülent Uyar
DieticianTurkey Şengül Sangu Talak
MasseurTurkey Muhammed Fatih Yeniay
MasseurTurkey Eyüp Emre Yeşiller
MasseurTurkey Özkan Alaca
MasseurTurkey Veysel Çabşek
Material ManagerTurkey Dursun Çetin
Material ManagerTurkey Cemil Bulut
Material ManagerTurkey Sefa Eroğlu

Source:[80]

Fenerbahçe as a company

Fenerbahçe Futbol A.Ş. is a listed company in Borsa Istanbul as BİST: FENER; Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü owns a 67.07% stake. The company had a negative equity of 424,317,388 Turkish lire; total assets of 311,233,179 lire; revenue 317,610,262 lire and a net loss of 181,234,264 in the 2014–15 season.[81] The club was required to have an aggregate break-even in 2019 (2016–17, 2017–18 and 2018–19 season), and more specifically a maximum annual net loss of €30 million, €20 million and €10 million in 2015–16, 2016–17 and 2017–18 seasons. Turkish clubs Beşiktaş, Kardemir Karabükspor and Trabzonspor (twice) also entered into settlement agreements in 2014, 2015 and 2016, with Bursaspor and Galatasaray being banned from European football in 2015 and 2016 respectively due to breaching overdue payable and the settlement agreement respectively.

Trivia

  • Fenerbahçe went through the 1922–23 season of the Istanbul Football League undefeated (11W, 1D) without conceding a single goal (58-0).
  • First Turkish team to win a non-domestic trophy (1966–67 Balkans Cup)[82]
  • All-time best record in the Turkish Super Lig cumulative standings with the highest number of wins and the fewest losses.[83]
  • Best winning percentage in a season:
29 wins and 6 draws in 36 matches, 0.888 in the 1988–89 season
15 points in 6 games against Netherlands Twente, Moldova Sheriff Tiraspol and Romania Steaua București, in the 2009–10 season
  • In the 1988–89 season, Fenerbahçe set a record for the highest goals scored in a single season with 103 goals scored in 36 matches of the regular season.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Although it is known that the club was founded in the spring of 1907, the day and month are unknown. The founding date is traditionally regarded as 3 May in honor of Republic of Turkey's founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's date of visit of the club in 1918.

References

  1. ↑ "Fenerbahçe Tarihi" [History of Fenerbahçe] (in Turkish). Fenerbahçe S.K. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  2. ↑ "Atatürk ve Fenerbahçe" [Atatürk and Fenerbahçe] (in Turkish). Fenerbahçe S.K. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  3. ↑ "Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi" (in Turkish). Fenerbahçe S.K. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  4. ↑ "İşte Türkiye'nin taraftar haritası! En çok taraftarı olan takım hangisi?". aksam.com.tr (in Turkish). Akşam. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  5. ↑ "Tarihçe". KKTC FENERBAHÇELİLER DERNEĞİ (in Turkish). Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  6. ↑ "Fenerbahçe taraftarı derneğini bağrına bastı". haberkibris.com (in Turkish). HaberKıbrıs. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  7. ↑ "Biga Fenerbahçeliler Derneğinden Azerbaycan'a Destek". bigahavadis.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  8. ↑ "fan page - Almanya Fenerbahce Dernekleri". www.fenerbahce.de (in German). Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  9. ↑ "İngiltere Fenerbahçeli'ler Derneği yeniden açılıyor". Londra Gazete. 2 January 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  10. ↑ "Samanyolu Haber: Son Dakika ve En Son Haberler". www.samanyoluhaber.com.
  11. ↑ "Samanyolu Haber: Son Dakika ve En Son Haberler". www.samanyoluhaber.com. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  12. ↑ "History of the Istanbul Derby - Fenerbahce vs Galatasaray". sportskeeda.com. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  13. ↑ "FootballDerbies.com - All you need to know about the world's best football matches. Derby, Local Derby or Rivalry". footballderbies.com. Archived from the original on 15 February 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  14. 1 2 3 "Tarihçe" (in Turkish). fenerbahce.org. 15 April 2007. Archived from the original on 22 February 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  15. ↑ "Tarihçe - 4. Sayfa". fenerbahce.org (in Turkish). 15 April 2007. Archived from the original on 20 November 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  16. ↑ "Müttefik Kuvvetler ile Yapilan Maçlar". angelfire.com (in Turkish). 14 June 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  17. ↑ "84th Anniversary of the Harington Cup". Fenerbahçe S.K. 30 June 2007. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  18. 1 2 "Turkey – List of Champions". RSSSF. RSSSF. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  19. 1 2 "Futbolda Türkiye Şampiyonluklarımız". fenerbahce.org (in Turkish). Fenerbahçe SK Official Website. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
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  21. ↑ "European Competitions 1959-60". RSSSF. 17 June 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  22. 1 2 "Archives". turkish-soccer.com. 5 May 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  23. 1 2 "SÜPER LİG ŞAMPİYONLUKLARI". tff.org (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation. 10 January 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  24. ↑ "BALKAN KUPASI". turkfutbolu.net (in Turkish). 2 February 2017. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  25. ↑ "Bordeaux 2–3 Fenerbahçe". UEFA.com. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  26. ↑ "Fenerbahçe 0–0 Bordeaux". UEFA.com. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  27. ↑ "UEFA Champions League 1996–97 Season". uefa.com. 10 January 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  28. ↑ "Manchester United's series of 56 home matches unbeaten in Europe". RSSSF. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  29. ↑ "2002-2003 1.Süper Lig". angelfire.com. 17 June 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  30. ↑ "Fenerbahçe 6–0 Galatasaray". klasikfutbol.blogspot.com (in Turkish). 10 January 2013. Archived from the original on 17 July 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  31. ↑ "2003–2004 1.Süper Lig". angelfire.com. 17 June 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  32. ↑ "2004–2005 1.Süper Lig". angelfire.com. 17 June 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  33. ↑ "Teşekkürlerimizle..." fenerbahce.org (in Turkish). 16 June 2006. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  34. ↑ "Zico signs two-year Fenerbahçe coaching deal". soccernet.espn.go.com. 4 July 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  35. ↑ "Yeni Teknik Direktörümüz ZICO". fenerbahce.org (in Turkish). 4 July 2006. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  36. ↑ "Dracena to Fenerbahçe". taipeitimes.com. 28 August 2006. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  37. ↑ "Fenerbahçe soccer club signs four-year contract with Mateja Kezman". english.people.com.cn. 29 August 2006. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  38. ↑ "Maç Raporu". ligtv.com.tr (in Turkish). 5 August 2006. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  39. ↑ "Maç Raporu". ligtv.com.tr (in Turkish). 13 May 2007. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  40. ↑ "Maç Raporu". ligtv.com.tr (in Turkish). 13 May 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  41. ↑ "Fenerbahçe handed Turkish crown". uefa.com. UEFA. 13 May 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  42. ↑ "G-14 invite Fenerbahçe to conference". fenerbahce.org. 31 May 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  43. ↑ Julio Gomes Filho (6 April 2008). "Zico still a man of style". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  44. ↑ "Fenerbahçe first Turkish club in Football Money League". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
  45. ↑ "Superlig Tables". whoscored.com. 10 January 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  46. ↑ "Turkey wants more women and children at stadiums". The Boston Globe. 21 September 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  47. ↑ "Antalya ends Fener's 47-match unbeaten run at Şükrü Saracoğlu". Today's Zaman. 30 October 2012. Archived from the original on 31 October 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
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  71. ↑ "FENERBAHÇE MÜZESİ TARİHİ" (in Turkish). fenerbahce.org. 15 April 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  72. 1 2 "Emblem". fenerbahce.org. 22 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  73. ↑ "TUNA / FENERBAHÇE ÖN KAPAK POSTERİ. 3 MAYIS 1978 - HAYAT SPOR DERGİSİ | Nadir Kitap". NadirKitap (in Turkish). Retrieved 25 October 2019.
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  75. ↑ Bert Kassies. "UEFA Team Ranking 2023". Xs4all.nl. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  76. ↑ "Member associations – UEFA rankings – Club coefficients –". Uefa.com. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  77. ↑ "FUTBOL A TAKIMI". Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  78. ↑ "Fenerbahçe AŞ Takım Kadrosu". Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  79. ↑ "Yönetim Kurulu Üyeleri". fenerbahce.org (in Turkish). 20 May 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  80. ↑ Çelik, Burak. "Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü Resmi Sitesi / Türkiye'nin En Gelişmiş Spor Kulübü Portalı". fenerbahce.org.
  81. ↑ "Agreements". www.kap.org.tr. 20 May 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  82. ↑ "BALKAN KUPASI" (in Turkish). turkfutbolu.net. 15 April 2007. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  83. ↑ "Fenerbahçe'nin Rekorları ve Tarihindeki İlkler" (in Turkish). fenerbahcecumhuriyeti.org. 15 April 2007. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.

Sources

  • Yüce, Mehmet (2014). Osmanlı Melekleri: Futbol Tarihimizin Kadim Devreleri Türkiye Futbol Tarihi – Birinci Cilt (in Turkish). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları. ISBN 9789750515804.
  • Yüce, Mehmet (2015). İdmancı Ruhlar: Futbol Tarihimizin Klasik Devreleri: 1923–1952 Türkiye Futbol Tarihi – 2. Cilt (in Turkish). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları. ISBN 9789750516955.
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