Finland at the 1924 Summer Olympics

Finland at the
1924 Summer Olympics
Finland at the; 1924 Summer Olympics
IOC code	FIN
NOC	Finnish Olympic Committee
Website	sport.fi/olympiakomitea (in Finnish and Swedish)
in Paris
Competitors	121 (all men) in 12 sports
Flag bearer	Elmer Niklander
Medals; Ranked 2nd	Gold 14 Silver 13 Bronze 10 Total 37
Summer Olympics appearances (overview)
	1908; 1912; 1920; 1924; 1928; 1932; 1936; 1948; 1952; 1956; 1960; 1964; 1968; 1972; 1976; 1980; 1984; 1988; 1992; 1996; 2000; 2004; 2008; 2012; 2016; 2020; 2024;
Other related appearances
	1906 Intercalated Games

Finland competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. 121 competitors, all men, took part in 69 events in 12 sports.^[2]

Medalists

Medal	Name	Sport	Event	Date
Gold	Paavo Nurmi	Athletics	Men's 1500 m	July 10
			Men's 5000 m	July 10
			Men's individual cross country	July 12
Gold	Ville Ritola	Athletics	Men's 10,000 m	July 6
Gold	Ville Ritola	Athletics	Men's 3000 m steeplechase	July 9
Gold	Elias Katz, Paavo Nurmi, Ville Ritola	Athletics	Men's 3000 m team race	July 13
Gold	Albin Stenroos	Athletics	Men's marathon	July 13
Gold	Heikki Liimatainen, Paavo Nurmi, Ville Ritola	Athletics	Men's team cross country	July 12
Gold	Jonni Myyrä	Athletics	Men's javelin throw	July 6
Gold	Eero Lehtonen	Athletics	Men's pentathlon	July 7
Gold	Kustaa Pihlajamäki	Wrestling	Men's freestyle bantamweight	July 14
Gold	Kalle Anttila	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman featherweight	July 10
Gold	Oskari Friman	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman lightweight	July 10
Gold	Edvard Westerlund	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman middleweight	July 10
Silver	Ville Ritola	Athletics	Men's 5000 m	July 10
Silver	Ville Ritola	Athletics	Men's individual cross country	July 12
Silver	Erik Wilén	Athletics	Men's 400 m hurdles	July 7
Silver	Elias Katz	Athletics	Men's 3000 m steeplechase	July 9
Silver	Vilho Niittymaa	Athletics	Men's discus throw	July 13
Silver	Konrad Huber	Shooting	Men's trap	July 9
Silver	Kaarlo Mäkinen	Wrestling	Men's freestyle bantamweight	July 14
Silver	Volmar Wikström	Wrestling	Men's freestyle lightweight	July 14
Silver	Eino Leino	Wrestling	Men's freestyle welterweight	July 14
Silver	Anselm Ahlfors	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman bantamweight	July 10
Silver	Aleksanteri Toivola	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman featherweight	July 10
Silver	Arthur Lindfors	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman middleweight	July 10
Silver	Edil Rosenqvist	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman heavyweight	July 10
Bronze	Eero Berg	Athletics	Men's 10,000 m	July 6
Bronze	Vilho Tuulos	Athletics	Men's triple jump	July 12
Bronze	Hans Dittmar	Sailing	Monotype class	July 13
Bronze	Lennart Hannelius	Shooting	Men's 25 m rapid fire pistol	June 28
Bronze	Werner Ekman, Konrad Huber, Robert Huber, Georg Nordblad, Toivo Tikkanen, Magnus Wegelius	Shooting	Men's team clay pigeons	July 7
Bronze	Arvo Haavisto	Wrestling	Men's freestyle lightweight	July 14
Bronze	Vilho Pekkala	Wrestling	Men's freestyle middleweight	July 14
Bronze	Väinö Ikonen	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman bantamweight	July 10
Bronze	Kalle Westerlund	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman lightweight	July 10
Bronze	Onni Pellinen	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman light heavyweight	July 10

Athletics

Fifty-two athletes represented Finland in 1924. It was the nation's fourth appearance in the sport as well as the Games. Nurmi won gold medals and set Olympic records in both the 1500 and 5000 metre races, with Ritola very close on his heels in the 5000 for silver. The pair finished first and second in the same order in the cross country race, as well. Nurmi did not defend his 1920 title in the 10000 metres, but Ritola earned the victory and the world record in that race. Ritola took another individual gold medal in the 3000 metre steeplechase. Nurmi and Ritola were each members of both the 3000 meter team race and team cross country teams which won gold; this gave Nurmi a total of five gold medals while Ritola took four golds and two silvers.

Stenroos won the marathon, while Myyrä took the javelin championship and Lehtonen finished first in the pentathlon. In all, the Finnish athletes took 17 medals, 10 of which were gold. They were second place behind the United States in both the total and gold medal counts in athletics.

Wilén earned an odd distinction: he set an Olympic record in a race which he did not win. He finished third in the 400 metre hurdles final after a pair of American hurdlers. The race winner, however, had knocked over a hurdle and his time was therefore ineligible to be considered a record. The second place runner had strayed outside his lane and was therefore disqualified. The result of all this was that Wilén received a silver medal and an Olympic record.

Ranks given are within the heat.

Athlete	Event	Heats		Quarterfinals		Semifinals		Final
Athlete	Event	Result	Rank	Result	Rank	Result	Rank	Result	Rank
Erik Åström	400 m	52.1	2 Q	did not start		did not advance
Eero Berg	10000 m	N/A						31:43.0
Eero Berg	Cross country	N/A						did not finish
Kalle Ebb	3000 m steeplechase	N/A				Unknown	3 Q	9:57.5	5
Yrjö Ekqvist	Javelin throw	N/A				56.15m	4 Q	57.56m	4
Erik Eriksson	Hammer throw	N/A				47.975m	3 Q	48.74m	4
Väinö Eskola	100 m	11.1	3	did not advance
Reijo Halme	100 m	Unknown	2 Q	11.5	5	did not advance
Lauri Halonen	Marathon	N/A						2:49:47.4	4
Lauri Härö	100 m	11.3	3	did not advance
Lauri Härö	200 m	Unknown	4	did not advance
Yrjö Helander	Pole vault	N/A				3.20	9	did not advance
Henrik Hietakari	Marathon	N/A						did not finish
Anton Husgafvel	100 m	Unknown	4	did not advance
Antti Huusari	Decathlon	N/A						7005.175	4
Gösta Jansson	800 m	N/A		1:59.9	3 Q	1:59.4	5	did not advance
Nestori Järvelä	3000 m steeplechase	N/A				Unknown	4	did not advance
Pekka Johansson	Javelin throw	N/A				55.10	4	did not advance
Martti Jukola	400 m hurdles	N/A		57.7	2 Q	58.6	5	did not advance
Elias Katz	3000 m steeplechase	N/A				9:43.8 OR	1 Q	9:44.0
Hannes Kolehmainen	Marathon	N/A						did not finish
Bror Kraemer	High jump	N/A				1.70	2	did not advance
Ville Kyrönen	Marathon	N/A						did not finish
Hugo Lahtinen	Pentathlon	N/A						27	6
Eero Lehtonen	Pentathlon	N/A						14
Leo Leino	Pentathlon	N/A						23	4
Frej Liewendahl	1500 m	N/A				4:07.4	2 Q	4:00.3	8
Heikki Liimatainen	Cross country	N/A						38:18.0	12
Jaakko Luoma	1500 m	N/A				4:14.8	2 Q	4:03.9	12
Heikki Malmivirta	Discus throw	N/A				41.16	2	did not advance
Jonni Myyrä	Javelin throw	N/A				59.30	2 Q	62.96
Elmer Niklander	Shot put	N/A				14.265	3 Q	14.265	6
Elmer Niklander	Discus throw	N/A				42.09	3	did not advance
Vilho Niittymaa	Discus throw	N/A				44.95	2 Q	44.95
Paavo Nurmi	1500 m	N/A				4:07.6	1 Q	3:53.6 OR
	5000 m	N/A				15:28.6	1 Q	14:31.2 OR
	Cross country	N/A						32:54.8
Urho Peltonen	Javelin throw	N/A				55.67	3	did not advance
Arvo Peussa	1500 m	N/A				4:17.4	1 Q	4:00.6	9
Ville Pörhölä	Shot put	N/A				14.10	3	did not advance
Väinö Rainio	Long jump	N/A				6.54	6	did not advance
Väinö Rainio	Triple jump	N/A				14.94	2 Q	15.01	4
Eino Rastas	5000 m	N/A				15:22.2	1 Q	Unknown	11
Eino Rastas	Cross country	N/A						did not finish
Ville Ritola	5000 m	N/A				15:32.1	3 Q	14:31.4
	10000 m	N/A						30:23.2 WR
	3000 m steeplechase	N/A				9:59.0	1 Q	9:33.6 OR
	Cross country	N/A						34:19.4
Julius Ruotsalainen	Marathon	N/A						did not finish
Pauli Sandström	Long jump	N/A				6.83	2	did not advance
Eino Seppälä	5000 m	N/A				15:34.6	3 Q	15:18.4	5
Väinö Sipilä	10000 m	N/A						31:50.2	4
Väinö Sipilä	Cross country	N/A						did not finish
Albin Stenroos	Marathon	N/A						2:41:22.6
Armas Taipale	Discus throw	N/A				40.215	4	did not advance
Akseli Takala	Shot put	N/A				13.315	2	did not advance
Hannes Torpo	Shot put	N/A				14.45	1 Q	14.45	4
Vilho Tuulos	Long jump	N/A				7.07	2 Q	7.07	4
Vilho Tuulos	Triple jump	N/A				14.84	5 Q	15.37
Erik Wilén	400 m	54.8	2 Q	49.6	3	did not advance
Erik Wilén	400 m hurdles	N/A		55.3	2 Q	55.4	3 Q	53.8 OR
Iivari Yrjölä	Pentathlon	N/A						did not finish
Iivari Yrjölä	Decathlon	N/A						did not finish
Paavo Yrjölä	Decathlon	N/A						6548.525	9
Väinö Eskola Reijo Halme Lauri Härö Anton Husgafval	4 × 100 m relay	N/A		42.6	3	did not advance
Erik Åström Hirsch Drisin Eero Lehtonen Erik Wilén	4 × 400 m relay	N/A				3:32.2	3	did not advance
Elias Katz Frej Liewendahl Paavo Nurmi Ville Ritola Eino Seppälä Sameli Tala	4 × 400 m relay	N/A				6	1 Q	8
Eero Berg Heikki Liimatainen Paavo Nurmi Eino Rastas Ville Ritola Väinö Sipilä	Team cross country	N/A						11

Cycling

Four cyclists represented Finland in 1924. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport.

Road cycling

Ranks given are within the heat.

Cyclist	Event	Final
Cyclist	Event	Result	Rank
Anton Collin	Time trial	did not finish
Erik Frank	Time trial	8:04:53.0	52
Toivo Hörkkö	Time trial	8:18:00.0	56
Ilmari Voudelin	Time trial	7:41:03.4	47
Anton Collin Erik Frank Toivo Hörkkö Ilmari Voudelin	Team time trial	24:03:56.4	13

Diving

Six divers, all men, represented Finland in 1924. It was the nation's fourth appearance in the sport as well as the Games. Kärkkäinen was the only Finnish diver to advance to a final, finishing ninth in the platform event.

Ranks given are within the heat.

Men

Diver	Event	Semifinals			Final
Diver	Event	Points	Score	Rank	Points	Score	Rank
Jussi Elo	Plain high diving	21.5	141	6	did not advance
Hannes Kärkkäinen	10 m platform	16	408.2	3 Q	40.5	380.9	9
Hugo Koivuniemi	Plain high diving	28	123	6	did not advance
Lauri Kyöstilä	10 m platform	23	363.4	5	did not advance
Atte Lindqvist	3 m board	25	398.8	5	did not advance
Yrjö Valkama	Plain high diving	19.5	150	5	did not advance

Equestrian

A single equestrian represented Finland in 1924. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport.

Equestrian	Event	Final
Equestrian	Event	Score	Time	Rank
Lars Ehrnrooth	Eventing	did not advance

Gymnastics

Eight gymnasts represented Finland in 1924. It was the nation's third appearance in the sport.

Artistic

Gymnast	Event	Final
Gymnast	Event	Score	Rank
Mikko Hämäläinen	All-around	65.233	61
	Horizontal bar	11.873	59
	Parallel bars	17.01	56
	Pommel horse	9.960	56
	Rings	11.160	65
	Rope climbing	0 (12.6 s)	63
	Sidehorse vault	8.00	57
	Vault	7.23	35
Väinö Karonen	All-around	65.180	63
	Horizontal bar	15.420	37
	Parallel bars	13.57	69
	Pommel horse	9.700	58
	Rings	9.160	69
	Rope climbing	3 (10.8 s)	47
	Sidehorse vault	7.83	59
	Vault	6.50	47
Eevert Kerttula	All-around	62.863	66
	Horizontal bar	12.273	55
	Parallel bars	18.63	43
	Pommel horse	8.790	60
	Rings	12.500	61
	Rope climbing	1 (11.8 s)	58
	Sidehorse vault	8.50	46
	Vault	1.17	66
Eetu Kostamo	All-around	50.443	70
	Horizontal bar	11.253	61
	Parallel bars	10.13	72
	Pommel horse	8.630	62
	Rings	9.660	68
	Rope climbing	0 (12.0 s)	60
	Sidehorse vault	7.60	64
	Vault	3.17	64
Jaakko Kunnas	All-around	73.473	51
	Horizontal bar	13.583	46
	Parallel bars	18.98	38
	Pommel horse	8.660	61
	Rings	12.750	60
	Rope climbing	5 (10.2 s)	41
	Sidehorse vault	7.27	68
	Vault	7.23	35
Aarne Roine	All-around	65.460	59
	Horizontal bar	13.280	49
	Parallel bars	15.62	63
	Pommel horse	9.130	59
	Rings	10.080	66
	Rope climbing	0 (12.6 s)	63
	Sidehorse vault	7.43	66
	Vault	7.17	38
Akseli Roine	All-around	66.503	56
	Horizontal bar	12.233	56
	Parallel bars	17.03	54
	Pommel horse	8.070	64
	Rings	12.830	59
	Rope climbing	5 (10.2 s)	41
	Sidehorse vault	6.87	69
	Vault	7.22	37
Otto Suhonen	All-around	72.843	52
	Horizontal bar	15.853	34
	Parallel bars	16.63	60
	Pommel horse	9.870	57
	Rings	9.160	69
	Rope climbing	6 (9.8 s)	35
	Sidehorse vault	8.33	50
	Vault	7.00	43
Mikko Hämäläinen Väinö Karonen Eevert Kerttula Eetu Kostamo Jaakko Kunnas Aarne Roine Akseli Roine Otto Suhonen	Team	554.948	7

Modern pentathlon

Three pentathletes represented Finland in 1924. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport.

Pentathlete	Event	Final
Pentathlete	Event	Score	Rank
Henrik Avellan	Individual	55.5	5
Väinö Bremer	Individual	66.5	9
Emil Hagelberg	Individual	110.5	25

Sailing

A single sailor represented Finland in 1924. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport.

Sailor	Event	Qualifying				Final
Sailor	Event	Race 1	Race 2	Race 3	Total	Race 1	Race 2	Total	Rank
Hans Dittmar	Olympic monotype	1 Q	2 Q	N/A		5	3	8

Shooting

Fifteen sport shooters represented Finland in 1924. It was the nation's fourth appearance in the sport as well as the Games. Seeking unsuccessfully to win its first gold medal in the sport, Finland matched its medal totals from 1920, taking a silver and two bronzes.

Shooter	Event	Final
Shooter	Event	Score	Rank
Jalo Autonen	25 m rapid fire pistol	16	21
	100 m deer, single shots	34	12
	100 m deer, double shots	62	9
Werner Ekman	Trap	94	11
Lennart Hannelius	25 m rapid fire pistol	18
Konrad Huber	Trap	98
Heikki Huttunen	50 m rifle, prone	387	20
Heikki Huttunen	600 m free rifle	77	44
Voitto Kolho	50 m rifle, prone	388	18
Martti Liuttula	100 m deer, single shots	37	5
Martti Liuttula	100 m deer, double shots	57	15
Veli Nieminen	600 m free rifle	81	31
Georg Nordblad	Trap	89	24
Unio Sarlin	25 m rapid fire pistol	18	7
Jean Theslöf	25 m rapid fire pistol	17	9
	50 m rifle, prone	393	4
	600 m free rifle	79	35
Toivo Tikkanen	100 m deer, single shots	33	15
	100 m deer, double shots	69	6
	Trap	Unknown	31–44
Antti Valkama	50 m rifle, prone	380	38
Antti Valkama	600 m free rifle	83	19
Magnus Wegelius	100 m deer, single shots	34	12
Magnus Wegelius	100 m deer, double shots	64	7
Jalo Autonen Martti Liuttula Toivo Tikkanen Magnus Wegelius	Team deer, single shots	130	5
Jalo Autonen Martti Liuttula Toivo Tikkanen Magnus Wegelius	Team deer, double shots	239	4
Heikki Huttunen Voitto Kolho Veli Nieminen Jean Theslöf Antti Valkama	Team free rifle	628	5
Werner Ekman Konrad Huber Robert Huber Georg Nordblad Toivo Tikkanen Magnus Wegelius	Team clay pigeons	360

Swimming

Ranks given are within the heat.

Men

Swimmer	Event	Heats		Semifinals		Final
Swimmer	Event	Result	Rank	Result	Rank	Result	Rank
Arvo Aaltonen	200 m breaststroke	3:11.0	4	did not advance
Viljo Viklund	200 m breaststroke	3:12.4	4	did not advance

Tennis

Men

Athlete	Event	Round of 128	Round of 64	Round of 32	Round of 16	Quarterfinals	Semifinals	Final
Athlete	Event	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Rank
Arne Grahn	Singles	Hunter (USA) L 3–6, 0–6, 2–6	did not advance
Runar Granholm	Singles	Bye	Bye	Kingscote (GBR) L 2–6, 0–6, 2–6	did not advance
Ernst Schildt	Singles	Bayley (AUS) L 1–6, 3–6, 4–6	did not advance
Ernst Schybergson	Singles	Ferrier (SUI) L 4–6, 3–6, 3–6	did not advance
Arne Grahn Ernst Schybergson	Doubles	—	Bye	Dumas / Robson (ITA) L 1–6, 3–6, 0–6	did not advance
Runar Granholm Ernst Schildt	Doubles	—	Bye	Bye	Wennergren / Müller (FRA) L 3–6, 1–6, 4–6	did not advance

Wrestling

Freestyle wrestling

Men's

Athlete	Event	Round of 32	Round of 16	Quarterfinal	Semifinal	Final
Athlete	Event	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Rank
Arvo Haavisto	Lightweight	—	Corti (SUI) W	Praks (EST) W	Vis (USA) L Silver medal semifinal Pouvroux (FRA) W Bronze medal semifinal Eriksen (DEN) W	Silver medal final Wikström (FIN) L Bronze medal final Gardiner (GBR) W
Edvard Huupponen	Featherweight	Guinard (FRA) W	Thys (BEL) W	Delmas (FRA) W	Newton (USA) L Bronze medal semifinal Naito (JPN) L	did not advance
Eino Leino	Welterweight	—	Janssens (BEL) W	Roosen (BEL) W	Gehri (SUI) L Silver medal semifinal Lookabough (USA) W	Silver medal final Johnson (USA) W
Fridolf Lundsten	Welterweight	—	Davis (GBR) L	did not advance
Kaarlo Mäkinen	Bantamweight	—	Ducayla (FRA) W	Sansum (GBR) W	Larsson (SWE) W Silver medal semifinal Darby (GBR) W	Pihlajamäki (FIN) L Silver medal final Hines (USA) W
Iisak Mylläri	Light heavyweight	—	Lay (GBR) W	Svensson (SWE) L	did not advance
Hjalmar Nyström	Heavyweight	—	Roth (SUI) L	did not advance
Vilho Pekkala	Middleweight	—	Wright (GBR) W	Smith (USA) W	Ollivier (BEL) L Bronze medal semifinal Bonassin (ITA) W	Bronze medal final Penttilä (FIN) W
Johan Penttilä	Middleweight	—	Durr (FRA) W	Hagemann (SUI) L	Silver medal semifinal Christoffersen (DEN) W Bronze medal semifinal Tognetti (SUI) W	Silver medal final Ollivier (BEL) L Bronze medal final Pekkala (FIN) L	4
Kustaa Pihlajamäki	Bantamweight	—	Bye	Darby (GBR) W	Hines (USA) W	Mäkinen (FIN) W
Toivo Pohjala	Heavyweight	—	Bye	Roth (SUI) W	Nilsson (SWE) L	did not advance
Volmar Wikström	Lightweight	—	Eriksen (DEN) W	Jourdain (FRA) W	Gardiner (GBR) W Silver medal semifinal Montgomery (CAN) W	Vis (USA) L Silver medal final Wikström (FIN) W

Greco-Roman

Men's

Athlete	Event	First round	Second round	Third round	Fourth round	Fifth round	Sixth round	Seventh round	Eighth round	Rank
Athlete	Event	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Rank
Anselm Ahlfors	Bantamweight	Hansson (SWE) W	Appruzèze (FRA) W	Gozzi (ITA) W	Pütsep (EST) L	Tasnádi (HUN) W	Ikonen (FIN) W	—
Kalle Anttila	Featherweight	Torgensen (DEN) W	Dyršmid (TCH) W	Eriksen (DEN) W	Käpp (EST) W	Bye	Svensson (SWE) W	Nord (NOR) W	Toivola (FIN) W
Oskari Friman	Lightweight	Gaupset (NOR) W	Beránek (TCH) W	Bye	Askehave (DEN) W	Matura (HUN) W	Keresztes (HUN) W	—
Väinö Ikonen	Bantamweight	Gozzi (ITA) W	Pütsep (EST) L	Koolmann (EST) W	Martinsen (NOR) W	Olsen (NOR) W	Ahlfors (FIN) L	—
Arthur Lindfors	Middleweight	Dumont (LUX) W	Okulicz-Kozaryn (POL) W	Yalaz (TUR) W	Grbić (YUG) W	Fischer (AUT) W	Gorletti (ITA) W	Westerlund (FIN) L	—
Onni Pellinen	Light heavyweight	Nađ (YUG) W	Dömény (HUN) W	Misset (NED) W	Loo (EST) W	Bye	Svensson (SWE) L	Did not advance	—
Edil Rosenqvist	Heavyweight	Nilsson (SWE) W	Mileder (AUT) W	Sint (NED) W	Dame (FRA) W	Larsen (DEN) W	Deglane (FRA) L	—
Johan Salila	Heavyweight	Giuria (ITA) W	Pothier (BEL) L	Larsen (DEN) L	did not advance			—		9
Aleksander Toivola	Featherweight	Eriksen (DEN) W	Mezulian (AUT) W	Dyršmid (TCH) W	Torgensen (DEN) W	Svensson (SWE) W	Bye	Malmberg (SWE) W	Anttila (FIN) L
Emil Wecksten	Light heavyweight	Loo (EST) W	Ceccatelli (ITA) W	Varga (HUN) W	Svensson (SWE) L	Westergren (SWE) L	did not advance		—	5
Edvard Westerlund	Middleweight	Sade (TUR) W	Dumont (BEL) W	Reinderman (NED) W	Nilsson (SWE) W	Christoffersen (DEN) W	Grbić (YUG) W	Lindfors (FIN) W	—
Karl Westerlund	Lightweight	Akbaş (TUR) W	Christoffel (BEL) W	Keresztes (HUN) L	Praks (EST) W	Kratochvíl (TCH) W	Kusnets (EST) W	—

Art Competitions

References

↑ "Flagbearers for Finland". olympedia.org. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
↑ "Finland at the 1924 Paris Summer Games". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17. Retrieved 2012-06-21.

External links

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[1] "Flagbearers for Finland". olympedia.org. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 27 December 2023.

[sports-reference-2] "Finland at the 1924 Paris Summer Games". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17. Retrieved 2012-06-21.

[1]

[2]