Photography and other imagery of planet Earth from outer space[lower-alpha 1] started in the 1940s, first from rockets in suborbital flight, subsequently from satellites around Earth, and then from spacecraft beyond Earth's orbit.

Timeline

Image Date Craft or mission Event


 October 24, 1946 V-2 First images of Earth from outer space,[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] flight monitoring continuous imaging, resulting in a time-lapse-movie reel. Not published as Earth observation images until 1950.[9] Taken by the V-2 No. 13 suborbital spaceflight.
March 7, 1947 First dedicated and first published Earth observation images from outer space, first published on March 25, 1947.[9][10][11][12]
July 26, 1948 First prepared wide-angle panorama of Earth from outer space (the 1946 flight did already record a panorama swing).
October 5, 1954 Aerobee AJ10-24

RTV-N-10b

 The first color image from space as part in the left corner of this first color photomosaic of Earth from space,[13] composed of 117 images taken from an altitude of 100 miles (160 km).[14][15]
February–March 1959 Vanguard 2 First attempt of a scanner, in which a single photocell mounted at the focus of telescope would scan Earth due to the satellite movement; resulting images were poor.[16]
August 14, 1959 Explorer 6 First image of Earth from orbit, showing a sunlit area of the Central Pacific Ocean and its cloud cover.[17][18][19][20]
1959 Explorer 7 The first "coarse maps of the solar radiation reflected by the Earth and the infrared radiation emitted by the Earth", from a mission launched on October 13, 1959.[21]
1960 TIROS-1 First television image of Earth from space and first weather satellite picture.[22]
1960 CORONA "[F]irst space-based Earth observation system";[23] its first successful mission was Discoverer 14 on 19 August 1960 with the recovery of photographic film from an orbiting satellite.[23][24]
External image
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August 6, 1961 Vostok 2 First image, color images and movie of Earth from space taken by a person, by cosmonaut Gherman Titov – the first photographer from space.[25][26]
Dmiddeclass2senegalafrica 1963 KH-7 Gambit First high-resolution (sub-meter spatial resolution) satellite photography (classified).[27]
1964 Quill First radar images of Earth from space, using a synthetic aperture radar (SAR).[28] This shows part of Richmond, Virginia.
March 18, 1965 Voskhod 2 First image and movie of Earth with a human (Alexei Leonov) floating in space (the first ever EVA).[29]
Credit: Museum of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre, source: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/aug/31/first-picture-space-cosmonauts-science-museum-alexei-leonov First drawing of Earth from space and art made in space (by Leonov, the first artist in space).[30]
External image
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May 30, 1966 Molniya 1-3 First full-disk pictures of the Earth, published in Review of Popular Astronomy July–August.[31][20]


 August 23, 1966 Lunar Orbiter 1 First image of Earth from another astronomical object (the Moon) and first picture of both Earth and the Moon from space.[32][33][34][7][19]
December 11, 1966 ATS-1 First picture of both Earth and the Moon from the Earth's orbit.[35]
First full-disk pictures of the Earth from a geostationary orbit.[35]
January 1967 First movie of Earth from space made without a human camera operator (contrast to Titov's 1961 movie)[35]
April 24, 1967[36] Surveyor 3 First images and view of a sunset and sunrise over Earth at the same time, a solar eclipse by Earth (a celestial body other than the Moon), from the Moon's surface.[37][38]
April 30, 1967 First color image of Earth from another astronomical object's surface, the Moon's surface.[39]
September 20, 1967 (released November 10th)[40] DODGE First full-disk black-and-white filtered[40] color picture of the Earth.[6]
November 10, 1967 ATS-3 First full-disk "true color"[41] picture of the Earth;[42] subsequently used on the cover of the first Whole Earth Catalog.[43][42]
December 21, 1968 Apollo 8 First full-disk image of Earth from space taken by a person, probably by astronaut William Anders.[44]
December 24, 1968 The first photograph of Earth taken by a human (Frank Borman) from another astronomical object (the Moon).[45]
The Earthrise image is the first color image of Earth from the Moon by a person (William Anders),[33][6][19], moments after Borman's black-and-white photograph.
July 21, 1969 Apollo 11 The much reproduced full frame image AS11-40-5903 of Buzz Aldrin, happens to be the first indirect image of Earth taken by a person from the surface of another astronomical object (from the Moon), having by accident in his visor a reflection of Earth.[46]
First direct image of Earth taken by a person from the surface of another astronomical object (from the Moon), (AS11-40-5923).[20][47]
November 24, 1969 Apollo 12 Black-and-white images and 16mm color film of a solar eclipse with the Earth, taken by a human, when the Apollo 12 spacecraft aligned its view of the Sun with the Earth.[48][49]
December 7, 1972 Apollo 17 First fully illuminated color image of the Earth by a person (AS17-148-22725).[50] This photo was taken just before a second shot with the same perspective was taken, which became cropped and processed the widely used Blue Marble picture (AS17-148-22727).[51][52]
July-September 1973 Skylab 3 Early color image of an aurora by a human from space.[53][54]
1977 KH-11 First real-time satellite imagery.[55]
September 18, 1977 Voyager 1 First full-disk picture of both Earth and the Moon.[35]
February 14, 1990 The Pale Blue Dot is the first image of Earth from beyond all of the other Solar System planets. It is part of the first picture of the full extent of the planetary system, known as the Family Portrait.[19][56]
December 11, 1990 Galileo First movie of a full rotation of Earth.[57]
August 11, 1999 Mir EO-27 (Perseus) First view of the shadow of the Moon projected onto Earth during a total solar eclipse (photograph taken by Jean-Pierre Haigneré).[49]
October 13, 1999 IKONOS First commercial high-resolution (sub-meter) satellite photography (non-classified); it made the cover of the New York Times.[58]
May 8, 2003 13:00 UTC Mars Global Surveyor First image of Earth and the Moon from Mars (in orbit); notice South America is visible.[33][6]
March 11, 2004 Spirit Mars Exploration rover First image taken of Earth from the surface of Mars and any celestial body other than the Moon.
July 27, 2006 Cassini-Huygens The Pale Blue Orb is the first image of Earth from Saturn.[59]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Within the context of this timeline, outer space is considered as starting at the Kármán line, 100 kilometres (62 miles) above mean sea level (AMSL).

References

  1. ↑ "First Photo From Space". October 24, 2006. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021.
  2. ↑ "The First Image of Earth Taken From Space (It's Not What You Think)". The Atlantic. August 6, 2012. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020.
  3. ↑ "First photo of Earth from space was from deadly rocket". February 26, 2015. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020.
  4. ↑ "70 years ago the first image of Earth was taken from space". October 26, 2016. Archived from the original on October 29, 2016.
  5. ↑ "The First Photo of Earth From Space Was Taken 70 Years Ago Today". October 24, 2016. Archived from the original on October 27, 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Viewing The Earth From Space Celebrates 70 Years". Forbes. August 22, 2016. Archived from the original on August 23, 2016.
  7. 1 2 "Space Photos Before NASA: The Oldest Images Of Earth". International Business Times. October 28, 2017. Archived from the original on October 28, 2017.
  8. ↑ "The first photograph of Earth taken from space". October 24, 2017. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018.
  9. 1 2 "T. A. Bergstrahl Publishes the First Book of Photographs of the Earth Taken From Space : History of Information". History of Information. November 19, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  10. ↑ "The first photograph from 100 miles out in space, March 7, 1947, Camera on V2 rocket". Christies.com. March 7, 1947. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  11. ↑ "NASA Electronics Pioneer Dies at 85". NASA. November 4, 2003. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  12. ↑ "First Pictures of Earth From 100 Miles in Space, 1947". March 6, 2009. Archived from the original on March 7, 2009.
  13. ↑ Theoret, Jeremy (February 6, 2023). "FIRST COLOR PHOTO OF EARTH FROM SPACE - THE BERG FILM I". Apollospace. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  14. ↑ "Photo-Mosaic, Aerobee | National Air and Space Museum". airandspace.si.edu. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  15. ↑ "541005-N-NO204-0001". www.nrl.navy.mil. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  16. ↑ "Vanguard II Turns 60". April 23, 2019. Archived from the original on March 18, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  17. ↑ "Explorer 6: 60 years since first Earth photo from space". August 7, 2019. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019.
  18. ↑ "60 years ago first satellite image of Earth". September 7, 2019. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020.
  19. 1 2 3 4 "60 Years Ago We Saw Earth From Space for the First Time — Here's How We See It Now". August 22, 2019. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019.
  20. 1 2 3 Mars, Kelli (December 17, 2020). "90 Years of Our Changing Views of Earth". NASA. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  21. ↑ Kidder, S.Q.; Vonder Haar, T.H. (1995). Satellite Meteorology: An Introduction. Elsevier Science. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-08-057200-0. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  22. ↑ Anderson, George D. (April 1, 2010). "The first weather satellite picture". Weather. 65 (4): 87. Bibcode:2010Wthr...65...87A. doi:10.1002/wea.550. ISSN 1477-8696.
  23. 1 2 "2005 Draper Prize – Corona Historic Images". NAE Website.
  24. ↑ "Discoverer 14 – NSSDC ID: 1960-010A". NASA.
  25. ↑ Reichhardt, Tony (August 5, 2011). "The First Photographer in Space". Air & Space Magazine. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  26. ↑ "Vostok-2 mission". RussianSpaceWeb.com. August 6, 1961. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
  27. ↑ "USGS EROS Archive – Declassified Data – Declassified Satellite Imagery – 2". Archived from the original on February 29, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
  28. ↑ Robert L. Butterworth "Quill: The First Imaging Radar Satellite"
  29. ↑ All About Space magazine (October 18, 2019). "Heroes of Space: Alexei Leonov". Space.com. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  30. ↑ Brown, Mark (August 31, 2015). "First picture drawn in space to appear in cosmonauts show in London". the Guardian. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
  31. ↑ Joel Achenbach (January 3, 2012). "Spaceship Earth: The first photos". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  32. ↑ Stein, Ben P. (August 23, 2011). "45 Years Ago: How the 1st Photo of Earth From the Moon Happened". Space.com. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  33. 1 2 3 "Milestones in Space Photography". National Geographic Society. November 11, 2010. Archived from the original on April 1, 2020.
  34. ↑ "Fifty Years Ago, This Photo Captured the First View of Earth From the Moon". August 23, 2016. Archived from the original on August 25, 2016.
  35. 1 2 3 4 "The 50th Anniversary of ATS-1". NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS). December 6, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  36. ↑ "Lunar Surveyor III Press Images". Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI). April 19, 1967. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  37. ↑ "APOD: 2014 April 7 - A Solar Eclipse from the Moon". Astronomy Picture of the Day. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  38. ↑ "section2b". NASA. November 28, 1966. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  39. ↑ "First image of Earth from the surface of the Moon: Surveyor 3". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020.
  40. 1 2 "The First Color Images of the Earth from Space". Geography Realm. March 13, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  41. ↑ Miller, Steven D.; Schmit, Timothy L.; Seaman, Curtis J.; Lindsey, Daniel T.; Gunshor, Mathew M.; Kohrs, Richard A.; Sumida, Yasuhiko; Hillger, Donald (October 1, 2016). "A Sight for Sore Eyes: The Return of True Color to Geostationary Satellites". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. American Meteorological Society. 97 (10): 1803–1816. Bibcode:2016BAMS...97.1803M. doi:10.1175/bams-d-15-00154.1. ISSN 0003-0007.
  42. 1 2 @SciHistoryOrg (April 24, 2020). "Science History Institute on Twitter" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  43. ↑ "Our SpaceFlight Heritage: ATS-3 relays first color images of Earth". November 10, 2014. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  44. ↑ Woods, W. David; O'Brien, Frank (2006). "Day 1: The Green Team and Separation". Apollo 8 Flight Journal. NASA. Archived from the original on September 23, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2008. TIMETAG 003:42:55.
  45. ↑ Poole, Robert (2008). Earthrise: How Man First Saw the Earth. New Haven, Connecticut, USA: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13766-8.
  46. ↑ Byrne., Dave (July 8, 2019). "Apollo 11 Image Library". hq.nasa.gov. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  47. ↑ "March to the Moon". March to the Moon. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  48. ↑ "Solar eclipses caused by Earth - Today's Image". EarthSky | Updates on your cosmos and world. April 6, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  49. 1 2 "Total view: A brief history of solar eclipses seen from space". collectSPACE.com. August 16, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
  50. ↑ "March to the Moon". March to the Moon. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  51. ↑ "The Story of the Blue Marble". CleanTechnica. January 1, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  52. ↑ Reinert, Al (April 12, 2011). "The Blue Marble Shot: Our First Complete Photograph of Earth". The Atlantic. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
  53. ↑ "Lights Below: The Aurora from Space". NASA's Polar, Wind and Geotail Missions. July 13, 2000. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  54. ↑ Carney, Emily (October 4, 2021). "Space in the Seventies: Skylab's Other Astronomy Experiments". National Space Society - Working to Create a Spacefaring Civilization. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  55. ↑ "Spying on a Hubble Telescope Look-Alike". May 29, 2010. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  56. ↑ "Our home world from afar". April 22, 2020. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020.
  57. ↑ "The latest self-portrait in a gallery of Earth photos taken from space". CBC. January 29, 2021. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  58. ↑ "IKONOS 20th Anniversary". Archived from the original on March 27, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  59. ↑ "This day in 2013: The Day the Earth Smiled". EarthSky. July 19, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
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