Telangana has special climatic conditions due to its unique location in the heart of the Deccan Plateau. It is considered suitable for the developing flora and fauna. There are famous wildlife sanctuaries all over the region.The state of Telangana harbors a total of 2,800 taxa belonging to 1,051 genera under 185 families^[1] with its diverse ecosystems and varied agro-climatic regions, is home to a rich and vibrant flora. The state's flora encompasses a wide range of plant species, including both native and cultivated varieties.Telangana tropical rainy type of climate prevails, The State has a wide variety of soils and they form into three broad categories - red, black and laterite with Tropical moist deciduous forests, Southern dry deciduous forests, Northern mixed dry deciduous forests.^[2]

Flora

The forests of Telangana are adorned with a plethora of tree species, contributing to the region's rich botanical diversity. Among these, Tectona grandis, commonly known as teak, and Anogeissus latifolia are notably abundant and widely distributed throughout the forests. Teak is prized for its durable timber and is renowned for its ornamental and economic value.

In addition to teak and Anogeissus latifolia, several other tree species grace the forests of Telangana. Boswellia serrata, known as Indian frankincense, holds significance for its resin, which is used in traditional medicine and perfumery. Butea monosperma, also known as flame-of-the-forest, displays striking red or orange flowers and is revered for its cultural and aesthetic importance.

Cochlospermum religiosum, commonly called silk cotton tree or golden silk, stands tall with its beautiful yellow flowers and distinctive seed pods. Diospyros melanoxylon, known as ebony, is treasured for its dark, dense wood, while Gardenia latifolia captivates with its fragrant white flowers. Givotia rottleriformis, with its stout trunk and large leaves, adds to the diversity of the forests.

Gyrocarpus americanus, Lannea coromandelica, Sterculia urens, Strychnos potatorum, Ziziphus xylopyrus, and various species of Terminalia contribute to the rich tapestry of Telangana's flora. Chloroxylon swietenia, commonly called satinwood, exhibits a distinctive yellow hue in its timber, while Pterocarpus marsupium, known as Indian kino tree, possesses medicinal properties. Albizia odoratissima, Haldina cordifolia, Cassia fistula, and Diospyros melanoxylon are further examples of the diverse tree species found in the region.

These trees not only enhance the visual allure of Telangana's forests but also play crucial roles in providing habitat, supporting biodiversity, and maintaining ecological balance. They offer resources for various human needs, such as timber, medicine, and traditional practices. Their presence is a testament to the natural heritage of Telangana and the intricate web of life that thrives within its forested landscapes.

Recent Discoveries

Twenty species are reported here as new additions to the flora of Telangana state from Amrabad Tiger Reserve, Kinnerasani and Manjeera Wildlife Sanctuaries^[3],and floristic explorations in Bhadradri Kothagudem district yielded three flowering plants as additions to the flora of Telangana state.

References