Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems, known as FRES, is a system for the classification of ecosystems developed by the United States Forest Service as a management tool for the entire lower 48.[1] Thirty four ecosystems were defined for grasslands, forests and woodlands.[1]

Forest and woodland classification

  • FRES 10 White pine - red pine - jack pine
  • FRES 11 Spruce - fir
  • FRES 12 Longleaf - slash pine
  • FRES 13 Loblolly - shortleaf pine
  • FRES 14 Oak pine
  • FRES 15 Oak - hickory
  • FRES 16 Oak - gum - cypress
  • FRES 17 Elm - ash - cottonwood
  • FRES 18 Maple - beech - birch
  • FRES 19 Aspen - birch
  • FRES 20 Douglas-fir
  • FRES 21 Ponderosa pine
  • FRES 22 Western white pine
  • FRES 23 Fir - spruce
  • FRES 24 Hemlock - Sitka spruce
  • FRES 25 Larch
  • FRES 26 Lodgepole pine
  • FRES 27 Redwood
  • FRES 28 Western hardwoods
  • FRES 29 Sagebrush
  • FRES 30 Desert shrub
  • FRES 31 Shinnery
  • FRES 32 Texas savanna
  • FRES 33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
  • FRES 34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
  • FRES 35 Pinyon - juniper

Grassland classification

  • FRES 36 Mountain grasslands
  • FRES 37 Mountain meadows
  • FRES 38 Plains grasslands
  • FRES 39 Prairie
  • FRES 40 Desert grasslands
  • FRES 41 Wet grasslands
  • FRES 42 Annual grasslands

Alpine classification

  • FRES 44 Alpine meadows and barren

Notes

  1. 1 2 Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, A. J.; Duncan, D. A.; Lewis, M. E.; and Smith, D. R. (1977) Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems (Forest Service Handbook Number 465) United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., OCLC 3359594
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