Fragmentarium (Digital Research Laboratory for Medieval Manuscript Fragments) is an online database to collect and collate fragments of medieval manuscripts making them available to researchers, collectors and historians worldwide. It is an international collaboration of major libraries and collections including the British Library, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Martin Schøyen Collection, Bavarian State Library, Harvard, Yale and the Vatican. It is based in Switzerland and the project's current director is Professor Christoph Flüeler from the University of Fribourg and the Virtual Manuscript Library, Switzerland.[1]

Florus de Lyon fragment, Bibliothèque de Genève, Ms. lat. 16

History

The Fragmentarium project was first proposed in October 2013 and the first planning meeting took place in Cologny in 2014. It was supported initially by representatives of 12 institutions, its goal being to study the field of manuscript fragment research and look at worldwide cataloguing standards. Fragmentarium was officially launched on 1 September 2017, by the Medieval Institute of the University of Fribourg at Abbey Library of St. Gall in St. Gallen, Switzerland.[2] Historians and librarians are now able to upload images to the Fragmentarium where they will be made available for research and encouraged to publish images under a Creative Commons public domain license.[3] The library currently operates as a closed system and will open up public resources gradually from 2018.

Method

Multispectral image of palimpsest fragments Or. 6581 with infrared (middle) and ultraviolet (right)
Enhanced multispectral imaging of palimpsest fragments composite images

Fragmentarium follows an established Swiss codex digitisation system known as e-codices and aims to promote cooperative research and discussion between researchers and scholars from multiple institutions.[4] As more fragments are uploaded it will be possible to reunite fragments which have become separated and compare analyses of similar manuscript pieces.[5] Some fragments have been analysed using the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) to identify pigments, creating a unique "fingerprint" to enable it to be matched to corresponding fragments elsewhere in the world and potentially track their journey with “the potential to learn more about trade routes, historic mining sites, and the regional use of pigments and ingredients”.[6] Other fragments have been identified as "recycled" into covers or bindings for later documents, a practice which was prevalent in the 15th to 17th century.[7] The system is also useful in documenting and digitally preserving partial manuscripts which have been damaged by neglect or fire as in the Cotton library fire of 1731,[3] or by deliberate destruction as occurred in the reformation in Scandinavia.[8] In more recent times, in the 1950s and 1960s medieval manuscripts were frequently deliberately divided in order to attract a higher return on resale values and have subsequently become lost to researchers: Fragmentarium hopes to reunite them. Flüeler has estimated that around 90% of extant fragments are currently "lost" in archives.[8]

In 2018 Fragmentarium published Fragmentology, described as a journal for the study of medieval manuscript fragments.[9]

Access to the library is free of charge.[10]

Participants and donors

As of 2019 the following institutions are partner participants in Fragmentarium:

Fragmentarium is financially supported by the Stavros Niarchos Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Zeno-Karl-Schindler Foundation.[12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kahn, Eve M. "Yale Buys Collection of Scattered Medieval Pages". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  2. ↑ "Fragmentarium Launched". Fragmentarium. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  3. 1 2 Dunning, Andrew. "Fragmentarium and the burnt Anglo-Saxon fragments". British Library: Medieval Manuscripts. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  4. ↑ Kahn, Eve M. "Antiquarian Book Fair Offers Victorian Children's Peep Shows". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  5. ↑ "Online-Plattform erleichtert die Erforschung alter Handschriften". Freiburger Nachrichten. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  6. ↑ Aloi, Daniel. "Out of the blue: Medieval fragments yield surprises". Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  7. ↑ "Recycling von Pergament Handschriften - Puzzle in der Stiftsbibliothek". Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF). 30 August 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  8. 1 2 Knellwolf, Bruno. "Schnipseljagd mit Big Data". Luzerner Zeitung. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  9. ↑ "Fragmentology". 1. December 2018. doi:10.24446/2nbp. Retrieved 15 January 2019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ↑ "Digital Library". Fragmentarium. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  11. ↑ "Fragmentarium - An international scholarly network that enables libraries, collectors, researchers and students to upload medieval manuscript fragments and to describe, transcribe and assemble them online". E-Codices. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  12. ↑ "Donors". Fragmentarium. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
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