Frances Helen Prideaux
Black and white half-length portrait of Frances Helen Prideaux, a white woman with dark hair pulled back into a bun at the nape of her neck. Prideaux wears a white collar, just showing, and a dark-coloured shawl or dress with voluminous sleeves.
Portrait photograph of Frances Helen Prideaux taken by Frederick Hollyer and in the collection of Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
Born1858 (1858)
Died1885 (aged 26–27)
EducationLondon School of Medicine for Women
OccupationPhysician
Employers

Frances Helen Prideaux MB BS (1858 – 29 November 1885)[1][2] was a physician and "one of the most distinguished students" of the London School of Medicine for Women.[3] Her academic and professional success caused changes in the stance of influential people who had been opposed to women in medicine.

Early life

Prideaux was educated at Queen's College, London, as well as receiving private tuition.[4][5]

Career

In 1877, Prideaux was signatory to a letter addressed to the Chancellor and Senate of the University of London expressing thanks for steps taken and urging more to be done to grant medical degrees to women.[6] One year later, she passed the General Examination for Women (equivalent to matriculation) from the university.[1]

Prideaux obtained both BS and MB degrees with honours from the London School of Medicine for Women in 1884.[7][8][9] She won the gold medal and an exhibition from the University of London for being first in the class in anatomy.[10][11]

Prideaux worked as a demonstrator of physiology and anatomy at the London School of Medicine for Women. She worked at Bethlem Hospital and the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital.[7]

In 1885, Prideaux applied for a job as house surgeon at the Paddington Green Children's Hospital. Applications were open to women and men candidates. When Prideaux was selected for the job in November 1885, she became the first woman to be appointed to a London hospital who had been chosen over male applicants.[7][10]

Death and legacy

Four weeks after her appointment, Prideaux died from diphtheria, likely contracted from one of her patients.[3] Before her death, she had been given a tracheotomy and then a laryngotomy and had helped with her own treatment.[10] She had refused to let loved ones be at her side during her treatment and death to protect them from also becoming ill.[1]

Prideaux's death was publicly mourned. Her death was reported in the British Medical Journal,[1] which linked her death with that of Robert Lawson, house surgeon at St Thomas, as an example of the dangers inherent in the profession.[10]

A memorial fund was created in Prideaux's name, administered by Henrietta Stanley, Baroness Stanley of Alderley and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson.[12] Sir William Gull was an early and notable contributor to the fund. Gull had been against the idea of women becoming doctors,[13] but described Prideaux's achievements as "vindicat[ing] the right of women to take the highest position in a difficult and intellectual profession."[7]

Sophia Jex-Blake wrote of Prideaux's achievements alongside those of Mary Scharlieb, who gained a gold medal in obstetrics in 1882, and quoted Gull's speech at the memorial scholarship meeting.[14]

In 2004, an oil painting of Prideaux from 1886 was recorded as being held at the Royal Free Hospital.[15]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Frances Helen Prideaux". Br Med J. 2 (1301): 1089. 5 December 1885. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.1301.1089. ISSN 0007-1447. S2CID 220146840.
  2. ↑ Murray, Janet Horowitz; Stark, Myra (19 December 2016). The Englishwoman's Review of Social and Industrial Questions: 1889. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-40140-9.
  3. 1 2 "Occasional Notes". The Pall Mall Budget: Being a Weekly Collection of Articles Printed in the Pall Mall Gazette from Day to Day, with a Summary of News. 10 December 1885.
  4. ↑ "University Intelligence". Morning Post. 18 June 1878.
  5. ↑ Horowitz Murray, Janet; Stark, Myra (1878). The Englishwoman's Review of Social and Industrial Questions.
  6. ↑ "Events of the Month, August 1877". The Englishwoman's Review of Social and Industrial Questions. Garland Publishing. 1877. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-8240-3734-5.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Hussey, Kristin (5 October 2018). "Life and death on the ward: the case of Helen Prideaux". RCP Museum. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  8. ↑ "Miss Helen Prideaux, MB (Lond.)". The Indian Magazine. National Indian Association in Aid of Social Progress and Education in India. 1886. pp. 460–461.
  9. ↑ "Lady Graduates". Cambridge Independent Press. 22 November 1884.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Brock, Claire (23 February 2017). British Women Surgeons and their Patients, 1860-1918. Cambridge University Press. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-1-107-18693-4.
  11. ↑ "Female students at the London Universities". Aberdeen Evening Express. 1 September 1881.
  12. ↑ "Notes on Current Topics: Prideaux Memorial Fund". Medical Press and Circular. 23 December 1885. p. 583.
  13. ↑ "Editorial". The Eclectic Medical Journal. Wm. Phillips and Company. 1886. p. 192.
  14. ↑ Jex-Blake, Sophia (1886). Medical Women: A Thesis and a History. Oliphant, Anderson, & Ferrier. pp. 222–224.
  15. ↑ Wright, Christopher; Gordon, Catherine May (1 January 2006). British and Irish Paintings in Public Collections: An Index of British and Irish Oil Paintings by Artists Born Before 1870 in Public and Institutional Collections in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11730-1.
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