Fragrant fritillary

Imperiled  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Subfamily: Lilioideae
Tribe: Lilieae
Genus: Fritillaria
Species:
F. liliacea
Binomial name
Fritillaria liliacea
Synonyms[2]
  • Fritillaria alba Kellogg 1855, illegitimate homonym not Nutt. 1818
  • Liliorhiza lanceolata Kellogg

Fritillaria liliacea, the fragrant fritillary, is a threatened bulbous herbaceous perennial plant in the lily family Liliaceae. It is native to the region surrounding San Francisco Bay in California, USA.[3][4][5]

Description

The bell-shaped white flowers have greenish stripes and are set on a nodding pedicel of about 37 centimeters in height. The blooms are odorless to faintly fragrant.[6] Fritillia liliacea prefers heavy soils including clays; for example, andesitic and basaltic soils derived from the Sonoma Volcanic soil layers are suitable substrate for this species.[7]

Distribution

The range of this wildflower is over parts of southwestern Northern California, United States, especially Solano and Sonoma counties and at coastal locations south to Monterey County; occurrence is typically in open hilly grasslands at altitudes less than 200 meters in elevation.[4][8]

This California endemic has been a candidate for listing as a U.S. federally endangered species, and some of the remaining fragmented colonies are at risk of local extinction, such that the species is considered locally endangered. Example occurrences are: Edgewood Park in San Mateo County and the Sonoma Mountains foothills in Sonoma County. Examples of highly fragmented or extirpated colonies are in San Francisco due to urban development.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0".
  2. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ↑ Flora of North America, Vol. 26 Page 169, Fragrant fritillary, Fritillaria liliacea Lindley
  4. 1 2 Biota of North America Program, 2014 county distribution map, Fritillaria liliacea Lindley
  5. ↑ Calflora taxon report, Fritillaria liliacea Lindley, fragrant fritillary
  6. ↑ Flora of North America: dichotomous key to Fritillia species of North America
  7. ↑ C.Michael Hogan, John Torrey, Brian McElroy et al., Environmental Impact Report, Southeast Santa Rosa Annexation 2-88, Earth Metrics Inc., Report 7941, California State Clearinghouse, Sacramento, Ca., March 1990
  8. ↑ Jepson Manual, University of California Press (1993)
  9. ↑ California Native Plant Society, Rare Plant Program. 2015. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants, Fritillaria liliacea
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