Garcinia dulcis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Clusiaceae
Genus: Garcinia
Species:
G. dulcis
Binomial name
Garcinia dulcis
(Roxb.) Kurz

Garcinia dulcis is a tropical fruit tree native to the Philippines, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and the Maluku Islands), and Papua New Guinea. It was domesticated early and spread inland into mainland Asia.[1][2][3] It is commonly known as mundu or munu in Indonesia and Malaysia,[1] baniti or taklang-anak in the Philippines,[4][5][6] and maphuut or ma phut in Thailand.[5][7]

The tree is harvested from the wild as a local source of food, medicine or dyeing material and is sometimes cultivated for its fruit, which is occasionally sold locally. Garcinia dulcis is not grown commercially.

Description

Garcinia dulcis is an evergreen tree with horizontal branches and a dense, pyramidal crown. It can grow up to 15 metres tall and has a short, straight trunk, which can develop to a size of 30 cm in diameter. The tree grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range of 22–30 °C and is well adapted to shade and humid conditions. Flowering usually occurs twice a year after long periods of drought.[7]

Uses

The orange coloured fruits can be eaten fresh; they contain a sour, juicy pulp, which can be preserved into jam. Green dye can be obtained from the bark, when mixed with indigo it gives a brown colour which is used to dye mats. From the unripe fruits a yellow dye, called gamboge, can be extracted, but is considered inferior to other dyes from members of the same genus like Garcinia xanthochymus. Garcinia dulcis also has medicanal purposes; it can be used for the treatment of wounds or scurvy.[7]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Blench, Roger (2008). "A History of Fruits in the Southeast Asian Mainland". In Osada, Toshiki; Uesugi, Akinori (eds.). Occasional Paper 4: Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human Past. Indus Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature. pp. 115–137.
  2. ↑ "Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2019-01-27
  3. ↑ "Garcinia dulcis specimens". Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2015-02-06.
  4. ↑ Schneider, Edwin Emil (1916). Commercial Woods of the Philippines: Their Preparation and Uses. Bureau of Printing. pp. 160–161.
  5. 1 2 "Garcinia dulcis (PROSEA)". Pl@ntUse. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  6. ↑ "Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz". Globinmed. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 "Garcinia dulcis". Useful Tropical Plants Database. Retrieved 2016-05-14.


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