Gay Wilson Allen (August 23, 1903 – August 6, 1995) was an American academic and writer. After holding assistant and associate professorships between the late 1920s to mid 1930s, Allen was hired by Bowling Green University in 1935 as an associate professor. Upon leaving for New York University in 1946, Allen was an English professor until 1969. Apart from working as a visiting scholar until the late 1970s, Allen was on a literary trip with William Faulkner that was sponsored by the United States Department of State during 1955.

As an author, Allen primarily focused on Walt Whitman with his writings between the early 1940s to late 1990s. Of his Whitman works, Allen was a lead editor on The Collected Writings of Walt Whitman, which was released in twenty two books. For his biographies, some of his subjects included Whitman, William James, Ralph Waldo Emerson and J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur. With The Solitary Singer: A Critical Biography of Walt Whitman, Allen was nominated for the 1956 National Book Award for Nonfiction. For Waldo Emerson: A Biography, Allen was nominated for the 1982 Pulitzer Prize for Biography and won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Biography the same year. Allen received two Guggenheim Fellowships in the 1950s and became part of the New Jersey Literary Hall of Fame in 1983.

Early life and education

Allen was born in Lake Junaluska, North Carolina on August 23, 1903.[1] During his childhood, Allen lived in the Canton, North Carolina neighborhood.[2] Allen was hired by The Canton Chronicle in his teenage years and was a newspaper reporter.[3] For his post-secondary education, Allen attended Duke University in the 1920s and the University of Wisconsin in the 1930s.[4]

Career

Literary

Early writing and Whitman

Allen worked as a potato farmer during his childhood. While farming, Allen used a typewriter to create an essay about an opossum for his literary debut during the mid 1910s. In 1988, Allen said "[if he] had bought a microscope, [he] might have turned out to be a scientist" instead.[5] Between the 1930s to 1980s, Allen primarily wrote about Walt Whitman.[4]

For his career on Whitman, Allen started out with the 1943 publication of Twenty-Five Years of Walt Whitman Bibliography: 1918-1942. In 1946, Allen released Walt Whitman Handbook.[6] With his publication, Allen said he wanted to provide "a better, more correct interpretation" about Whitman while teaching at New York University.[7] During updates in 1975 and 1986, his handbook was renamed to the New Walt Whitman Handbook.[8] In later publications, multiple of his Whitman works were re-released as re-edited or expanded versions. These included Walt Whitman in 1969 and Aspects of Walt Whitman in 1977.[6]

In 1955, Allen began a multi-book project on works by Whitman for New York University Press.[9] While Allen worked as one of the lead editors on The Collected Writings of Walt Whitman, his collection was completed in 1984 after twenty two books.[10] In 1990, Allen started to remake Walt Whitman Abroad with Ed Folsom, which was originally released in 1955. During the proofreading stage, Allen died before the book was to be republished as Walt Whitman and the World.[11] Walt Whitman and the World was posthumously released in 1996.[12]

Biographies and other works

In 1949, Allen started working on his Whitman biography and took seven years before he published the book.[13] The Solitary Singer: A Critical Biography of Walt Whitman was published in 1955 before the 100th anniversary of the release of Leaves of Grass by Whitman.[14][15] In 1967, Allen released a biography about William James.[16]

At the start of the 1970s, Allen wrote a biography about Herman Melville and a pamphlet on Carl Sandburg.[17][18] For his 1980s biographies, Allen published a book about Ralph Waldo Emerson in 1981.[19] Allen and Roger Asselineau released their biography on J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur, titled St. John be Crèveccouer: The Life of an American Farmer, in 1987.[20] Apart from biographies, Allen wrote about Korney Chukovsky and Charles E. Feinberg during the late 1980s.[21]

Academic

In a 1991 essay, Allen said he "had not planned an academic career...as a teacher of American literature".[22] Allen began his English teaching experience in 1929 at Lake Erie College as an assistant professor before continuing for a year with Alabama Polytechnic Institute in 1931. In 1934, he became an associate professor for Shurtleff College.[23] After joining Bowling Green State University in 1935, he remained there until he was hired by New York University in 1946. Allen continued his academic career at New York until 1969.[24]

For these two universities, Allen worked as an associate professor for Bowling Green and an English professor for New York.[4] In 1969, Allen held his academic position at New York as an emeritus.[25] As a visiting scholar between the late 1960s to late 1970s, Allen was hired by Harvard University and Emory University. Additional academic institutions Allen worked for included the University of Texas and the University of Hawaii.[4][26] Outside of the United States, Allen taught in Japan with William Faulkner during a 1955 literary trip sponsored by the United States Department of State.[27]

Writing process and reception

For The Solitary Singer, Allen and his wife co-created the manuscript and conducted research at a storage facility owned by the Brooklyn Eagle. Allen additionally consulted over a thousand publications on Whitman during the research stage. Allen rewrote his draft multiple times prior to the release of his book on Whitman.[28] While conducting research for William James: A Biography, Allen used private letters from the James family.[29] He also created a smaller teaching version of his James biography for schools.[16]

When Ralph L. Rusk released his 1949 publication Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Allen believed it was "weak on the intimate, personal life". For Waldo Emerson, A Biography, Allen included information that was not included in the Emerson biography written by Rusk.[19] To write his biography on Emerson, Allen used thousands of unpublished letters.[30] In a review by The Philadelphia Inquirer, David R. Contosta said Allen and Asselineau had included inaccuracies on the 18th century while providing a historical background in their Crèvecœur biography.[31]

Awards and honors

During his teens, Allen received an essay collection of Emerson works for his opossum essay.[5] Allen was given a Guggenheim Fellowship for American literature in 1952 and 1959.[32] In 1956, Allen was nominated for the National Book Award for Nonfiction in 1956 with The Solitary Singer.[33] In 1969, Edwin Haviland Miller announced he would release The Artistic Legacy of Walt Whitman: A Tribute to Gay Wilson Allen before it was published the following year.[34][35] In 1977, Allen was chosen as a recipient for an American literature award from the Modern Language Association.[36]

Allen received the James Russell Lowell Prize from the MLA for Waldo Emerson: A Biography in 1981.[37] In 1982, Allen won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Biography with Waldo Emerson: A Biography.[38] That year, Waldo Emerson was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for Biography.[39] After the National Book Awards were replaced with the American Book Awards, Waldo Emerson was a 1982 nominee in the Autobiography/Biography category for hardcover books.[40] Allen became part of the New Jersey Literary Hall of Fame in 1983.[41]

Personal life and death

In 1988, Allen left Oradell to live in Raleigh, North Carolina.[3] He died there on August 6, 1995 from pneumonia. Allen was previously married and had no children.[2][42]

References

  1. ↑ Herzberg, Max J., ed. (1962). "Allen, Gay Wilson". The Reader's Encyclopedia of American Literature. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. p. 16. ISBN 0690673418. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  2. 1 2 Pace, Eric (August 8, 1995). "Gay Wilson Allen, Biographer, Dies at 92". New York Times. p. D21. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  3. 1 2 Salter Jr., Charles (January 27, 1989). "Setting the record straight". The News and Observer. Raleigh, North Carolina. p. 1D.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Metzger, Linda (1981). "Allen, Gay Wilson 1903-". In Evory, Ann (ed.). Contemporary Authors. New Revision. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale Research Company. p. 20. ISBN 0810319322. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  5. 1 2 Moore, Allyson Lee (December 14, 1988). "Telling tales of talent". The Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. p. NC-1.
  6. 1 2 Christie, N. Bradley (1991). "Gay Wilson Allen". In Serafin, Steven (ed.). Dictionary of Literary Biography. First. Vol. 103 (American Literary Biographers ed.). Detroit & London: Gale Research Inc. p. 3. ISBN 0810345838. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  7. ↑ Moore 1988, p. NC-6
  8. ↑ Folsom, Ed (Summer 1995). "In Memoriam: Tributes to Gay Wilson Allen, 1903-1995". Walt Whitman Quarterly Review. 13 (1): 99. doi:10.13008/2153-3695.1487. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  9. ↑ "Oradell Resident To Edit New Whitman Project". Bergen Evening Record. November 30, 1955. p. 27.
  10. ↑ Graham, Rosemary (1998). "Collected Writings of Walt Whitman, The (1961-1984)". In LeMaster, J.R.; Kummings, Donald D. (eds.). The Routledge Encyclopedia of Walt Whitman. New York and London: Routledge. pp. 133–34. ISBN 0815318766. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
  11. ↑ Folsom 1995, pp. 99-100
  12. ↑ "New book traces Whitman's influence". Iowa City Press-Citizen. January 6, 1996. p. 1B.
  13. ↑ "Allen Writes Biography Of Whitman". Asheville Citizen-Times. February 6, 1955. p. 5-B.
  14. ↑ Lee, Charles (January 17, 1955). "Spotlight on Books". Journal-Every Evening. Wilminington, Delaware. p. Fifteen.
  15. ↑ Smith, Harrison (February 5, 1955). "He Loved Mankind In All Its Forms". Tucson Daily Citizen. p. 13.
  16. 1 2 Evans, Alfred (May 21, 1967). "William James Study Praised". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. p. 6-F.
  17. ↑ Bellman, Samuel I. (September 4, 1971). "Life of Melville fine biography". Progress-Bulletin Scan. p. 5.
  18. ↑ "Carl Sandburg - American Writers 97". University of Minnesota Press. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  19. 1 2 Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (November 1, 1981). "Emerson shown as 'ugly duckling'". Herald & Review. Decatur, Illinois. New York Times News Service. p. D 8.
  20. ↑ Reerdon, Patrick (September 8, 1987). "The man was a walking history book". Chicago Tribune. sec. 5 p. 3.
  21. ↑ Christie 1991, pp. 10-11
  22. ↑ Allen, Gay Wilson (Fall 1991). "History of My Whitman Studies". Walt Whitman Quarterly Review. 9 (2): 92. doi:10.13008/2153-3695.1316. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  23. ↑ Jaques Cattell Press, ed. (1974). "Allen, Gay Wilson". Directory of American Scholars. Vol. II (Sixth ed.). New York & London: R. R. Bowker Company. p. 9. ISBN 0835206483. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  24. ↑ Kummings, Donald D. (1998). "Allen, Gay Wilson (1903-1995)". In LeMaster, J.R.; Kummings, Donald D. (eds.). The Routledge Encyclopedia of Walt Whitman. New York and London: Routledge. p. 11. ISBN 0815318766. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  25. ↑ Cleary, Fritz (May 25, 1969). "150th Whitman Anniversary to Be Marked". Asbury Park Press. p. 69.
  26. ↑ "Whitman Lecture At Temple". Courier-Post. Camden, New Jersey. February 13, 1969. p. 18.
  27. ↑ Saltner 1989, p. 3D
  28. ↑ Sklar, S. Bernard (February 9, 1955). "Happy He's Rid Of Book, Says Whitman Biographer". Bergen Evening Record. p. 3.
  29. ↑ Hungerford, Edward B. (May 28, 1967). "A loving and most loved figure". Chicago Tribune. sec. Books Today p. 5.
  30. ↑ Hoggard, Lynn (November 8, 1981). "Emerson: Our spiritual father set tone of secular religion". Sunday. Wichita Falls Times. p. 31.
  31. ↑ Contosta, David R. (September 27, 1987). "Reaping insights of an early farmer". The Philadelphia Inquirer. sec. Books/Leisure p. 7.
  32. ↑ "Gay Wilson Allen". The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  33. ↑ "The Solitary Singer". National Book Awards. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  34. ↑ Miller, Edwin Haviland, ed. (1970). The Artistic Legacy of Walt Whitman: A Tribute to Gay Wilson Allen. New York University Press. pp. v, vii. LCCN 71-111520. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
  35. ↑ Kummings, Donald D. (1998). "Miller, Edwin Haviland (1918-)". In LeMaster, J.R.; Kummings, Donald D. (eds.). The Routledge Encyclopedia of Walt Whitman. New York and London: Routledge. p. 430. ISBN 0815318766. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
  36. ↑ "Literature prize". The Record (Central Bergen ed.). Hackensack, New Jersey. December 22, 1977. p. 36.
  37. ↑ "James Russell Lowell Prize Winners". Modern Language Association. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  38. ↑ "Los Angeles Times 1982 Book Prizes". The Los Angeles Times. November 21, 1982. sec. The Book Review p. 1.
  39. ↑ "Waldo Emerson, by Gay Wilson Allen (Viking)". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  40. ↑ Kline, Betsy (February 14, 1982). "Ceremony set to cite winning book". The Kansas City Star. p. 10F.
  41. ↑ "Nixon Honored For His 2 Books". The Indianapolis News. United Press International. May 21, 1983. p. 26.
  42. ↑ "Whitman biographer Gay Wilson Allen dies". The Charlotte Observer. Associated Press. August 9, 1995. p. 4C.
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