Geodorcus capito

Nationally Vulnerable (NZ TCS)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Lucanidae
Genus: Geodorcus
Species:
G. capito
Binomial name
Geodorcus capito
(H.C.Deyrolle, 1873)[1]
Synonyms
  • Dorcus capito
  • Lissotes capito Deyrolle, 1873[2]
  • Lissotes dispar Broun 1910[1]

Geodorcus capito is a large flightless species of stag beetle in the family Lucanidae. It is endemic to the Chatham Islands in New Zealand.

Description

The exoskeleton of Geodorcus capito varies in colour from glossy black to brownish black. Adults show distinct sexual dimorphism. Including mandibles, male beetles range in length from 17.0–27.0 mm; females from 15.0–19.5 mm. Male and female beetles can be distinguished by the distinct ribbed elytra with obvious branching setae on the male beetle, whilst a female beetle has more vague ribbed elytra and barely visible setae. [3]

Distribution

This stag beetle is found throughout the Chatham Islands, including on Chatham Island, Pitt Island, Rangatira, Mangere Island and Little Mangere Island.[3][4] It is now thought to be restricted to the southern end of Chatham Island and is less common on Pitt Island than previously.[1] It is possible that vulnerable species like G. capito have been restricted in their distribution by grazing and habitat loss on Chatham Island and pig rooting on Pitt Island. [5]

Habitat

All Geodorcus are nocturnal forest species. Adult G. capito beetles have been seen at night on the ground and on trees. During the day, beetles can be seen hiding under rotten branches and inside debris on tree trunks. All life cycle stages, including eggs, have been seen in moss covered cavities of trees on Chatham Island. On smaller islands adults have been collected under rocks in coastal forest.[3]

Diet

From their mouthparts, it is assumed that all adult stag beetles are liquid feeders. Adult Geodorcus beetles feed on sappy exudations from trees. Stag beetle larvae consume rotting wood at or above ground but a few species live underground and feed on either roots or humus.[3]

Conservation

Like other Geodorcus species, G. capito is protected under Schedule 7 of The 1953 Wildlife Act, making it an offense to collect or harm a specimen.[6] The Chatham Island stag beetle has suffered a large reduction in its range on the inhabited Chatham Islands.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Emberson, Rowan M. The beetle fauna (Coleoptera) of the Chatham Islands, with additional species, corrections, and updated taxonomic, biological and distributional information to end 2002 (Report). Lincoln University. hdl:10182/4177.
  2. ↑ Parry, F.J.Sidney (1873). "XII. Characters of seven nondescript Lucanoid Coleoptera, and remarks upon the genera Lissotes, Nigidius and Figulus". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 21: 339. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Holloway, B.A. "Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)" (PDF). Landcare New Zealand. Landcare Research. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  4. ↑ Trewick, Steven A. (2000). "Molecular evidence for dispersal rather than vicariance as the origin of flightless insect species on the Chatham Islands, New Zealand". Journal of Biogeography. 27 (5): 1191. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00492.x. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  5. ↑ Emberson, R. M.; Early, J. W.; Marris, J. W. M.; Syrett, P. (1996). Research into the status and distribution of Chatham Islands endangered invertebrates (PDF). ISBN 978-0-478-01833-2. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ "Wildlife Act 1953". New Zealand Legislation. Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
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