Saint Germanus of Granfelden | |
|---|---|
 Shoes of St Germanus of Granfelden at Musée de Cluny -- Musée national du Moyen Âge | |
| Born | c. 612 Trier |
| Died | 675 near Moutier (in the modern-day canton of Bern, Switzerland) |
| Venerated in | |
| Canonized | Pre-congregation |
| Feast | 21 February |
Saint Germanus of Granfelden (c. 612 in Trier;[2] died 675, near Moutier) was the first abbot of Moutier-Grandval Abbey. He is venerated as a martyr saint in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.
Vita
The "Life" of Saint Germanus is recounted in the eleventh-century "Passio sancti Germani", which appears in the Vitae et passiones diversorum sanctorum. It was written about 695 by Bobolène, a priest probably of Moutier-Grandval Abbey and later at Luxeuil. It was composed at the request of the religious brothers Chadoal and Aridius, contemporaries of Abbot Germanus.[3] The manuscript of the Vitae is preserved as the Codex Sangallensis 551 ('Codex of Saint-Gall' 551), housed in the Abbey library of Saint Gall.[lower-alpha 1][4]
Life
Germanus was the second son of Optardus, a wealthy senator in Trier. His older brother became a courtier, while his younger brother Numerianus eventually succeeded Modoald as Bishop of Trier.
Optardus entrusted the young Germanus to Modoald to be educated.[5] At the age of seventeen, Germanus decided to take up the monastic life. He left to join Arnulf of Metz, who had retired from the bishopric of Metz to a hermitage at a mountain site in his domains in the Vosges to become a monk.[6]
Germanus stayed for some time with Arnulf who gave him the tonsure and then sent him, with his younger brother Numerian who had come to join him, to the recently founded monastery Remiremont monastery. Driven by a desire for greater perfection, he left with his brother and some religious for Luxeuil, where Abbot Waldebert received him, conferred on him the priesthood, then around 640 sent him, to organize and govern the monastery of Granfeld (Monasterium Grandis Vallis) or Moutier-Granval, recently founded by Gundoin, Duke of Alsace. Germanus served as abbot for 35 years.[6] His history with Remiremont, Luxeuil, and Granval show his connection to the network of Columbanian establishments. His contacts with Modoald, Arnulf, and Gundoin suggest he supported the Arnulfings.[7]
According to legend, Gundoin's successor, Boniface, Duke of Alsace had trouble keeping the people of the Sornegau from revolting. The situation became worse under his successor Adalrich, Duke of Alsace (known as "Eticho"), who wanted to subdue the area around Delémont. Germanus and his prior Randoald of Grandval met him for negotiations near Courtételle (southwest of Delémont). After discussions Germanus and Randoald were slain on their way back by supporters of the Duke.[6] The following night the religious collected the bodies and buried them first in Saint-Ursanne, then in Moutier-Granval.[8]
Veneration
Germanus and Randoald are regarded as martyrs and became very popular. Miracles reportedly took place at their tomb, which became a center of pilgrimage. The remains of the martyrs were then in 1477 transferred under the high altar. Their cult extended throughout the diocese of Basel and throughout the province of Besancon. The progress of Protestantism and a fire at the abbey which had become a collegiate church, of which nothing remains, led the canons to withdraw and transport the relics of the two saints to Délémont in the canton of Jura, where they continue to be venerated. The cult of Saint Germanus is still alive in the Catholic canton of Jura, where many churches are dedicated to him.
His feast day, shared with Randoald, is 21 February. The crosier of Germanus, one of the oldest remaining, is kept at Musée jurassien d'art et d'histoire in Delémont.[9]
Notes
- ↑ Images of the manuscript of Vitae et passiones diversorum sanctorum may be viewed online through the 'e-codices': Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland project; link to first page of Vitae shown below:
- Presbyter Bobulenus, "Passio sancti Germani", Vitae et passiones diversorum sanctorum [Lives and sufferings of the Saints], Codex Sangallensis 551 (in Latin), pp. 106−125, doi:10.5076/e-codices-csg-0551, St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek (Abbey library of Saint Gall)
References
- ↑ Hutchison-Hall, John. "21st February: Germanus and Randoald". Orthodox Saints of the Pre-Schism See of Rome. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ↑ Ekkart Sauser (1998). "Germanus von Münster-Granfelden". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 14. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 1241–1244. ISBN 3-88309-073-5.
- ↑ "Nos Saint-Patrons", Paroisse catholique romaine de Moutier
- ↑ Stékoffer, Sarah (1996). La crosse mérovingienne de Saint Germain, premier abbé de Moutier-Grandval (Suisse) (PDF) (in French). Porrentruy: Office du patrimoine historique, Société jurassienne d'émulation. p. 39. ISBN 2-88436-005-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2017.
- ↑ Baring-Gould, Sabine. The Lives of the Saints, J. Hodges., 1878, p. 361
- 1 2 3 Boillon, Claude. "Saints Germano and Randoaldo", Santi e Beati, February 19, 2018
- ↑ Fox, Yaniv. Power and Religion in Merovingian Gaul: Columbanian Monasticism and the Formation of the Frankish Aristocracy, Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 192 ISBN 9781107064591
- ↑ Butler, Alban. The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, Volumes 1-3, D. & J. Sadlier, 1846, p. 440
- ↑ "Germain (saint)", Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz
External links
- The 'e-codices': Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland project home page (in German, English, French, and Italian)
- Germanus and Randoald story at Abbaye Saint Benoît (in French) (Archived)